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Charles Frederic Aked
Charles Frederic Aked
Born	August 27, 1864; Sneinton, Nottinghamshire, England
Died	August 12, 1941 (aged 76); Los Angeles, California
Citizenship	British (1864–1913); United States (1913–1941)
Years active	1885–1941
Spouse	Annie Hithersay (1866–1934) (married November 10, 1886)
Children	none
Parent(s)	Charles George Aked; Ann Minion (1826–1888)

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Charles Frederic Aked (1864–1941) was an influencial British-born-turned-American progressive Protestant clegeryman whose theology, during his career, began as a Reformed or Strict Baptist, then Congregationalist, then Independent.

Career

I

should not expect you to reckon the late Queen Victoria amongst the idealists, the visionaries, the inspired fanatics of our race. But in the Life of Archbishop Benson, a strange and deep thing is recorded of her.
'As I get older,' she said, 'I cannot understand this world. I cannot comprehend its littleness. When I look at the frivolities and littlenesses [of people], it seems to me as if they were all a little mad.'

– Rev. Charles F. Aked (1907), from a sermon, quoting something that Queen Victoria, on May 11, 1883, said to Archbishop Benson. Her comment was published in an 1899 biography, The Life of Edward White Benson. The Queen was reflecting on the mad rush of the world, and the ease with which so many people of her day ignored the higher responsibilities, and robbed themselves the richer joys of life.^[1]

Aked worked for racial equality, women's suffrage, temperance, Christian unity, and world peace. Minister in Liverpool (1890 to 1907), he gained a reputation as an advocate for social justice. He worked for Christian unity in Britain alongside F. B. Meyer (1847–1929) and John Clifford (1836–1923). He went to New York City to serve as pastor of the Fifth Avenue Baptist Church (1907–1911). Aken was an exponent of women's suffrage and was a friend of Ethel Snowden. Beginning around 1894, Aken became outspoken against racial injustices, notably lynching in the United States, and by 1895, became a supporter of and friends with Ida B. Wells. Liberal theologically, he worked for the relief of Syrians (see Great Syrian Revolt and Assyrian genocide) and Armenians (see Armenian Genocide) after World War I and with Walter Rauschenbusch (1861–1918), condemned the arms trade.^[2]^[3]

Aked emerged around 1908 as an avowed foe of what is commonly known as fundamentalism^[a] in religion and rejected the miraculous in religion (see Argument from miracles § Criticisms)^[a] – he averred that the ethics of Christianity should furnish sufficient inspiration for noble, useful, and happy living.

Towards the end the of Great Depression, Aked took a right-wing political stand against the re-election of President Franklin D. Roosevelt, declaring that a third term (see 1940 United States presidential election) would lead to the end of democracy and establish a dictatorship in America.

T

here was a time when church people held up their hands in holy horror at the thought of believing any of the teachings of evolution. But this evolutionary philosophy has been a tremendous benefit to Christians. It is time that we gave up the things that our fathers believed.

– Rev. Charles F. Aked (1908)^[4]

R

eligion in America caters to emotionalism. The Fundamentalists are making great headway. They preach all the things they should not preach ... They appear to accept beliefs which are positively mediaeval ... but they have the funds so they do practically what they like.

– Rev. Charles F. Aked (Liverpool, 1935^[5])

Education

Charles Aked was born in Nottingam, England, where he grew up and attended:

Mr. J. Lee's Commercial School, a small school in Nottingham
Midland Baptist College
University College Nottingham
later, earned a D.D. degree

link

John Clifford, a Free Church contemporary of Aked, in 1883 he was given the honorary degree of DD by Bates College, United States, being known thereafter as Dr Clifford. The distinction, from a small American college, afterwards led to sarcastic allusions, but Clifford had not courted it. Moreover, Clifford has been chronicled as a bona fide liturgical scholar from his achievements at the University of London. In England, Henry Ward Beecher (1813–1887) and Charles Haddon Spurgeon (1834–1892) rejected being called "doctor", but accepted the title "reverend". By 1907, three honorary Doctor of Divinity degrees had been conferred upon Aken. But, at the beginning of his pastorship with the Rockefeller Baptist Church, he dispensed not only with the title "D.D.", but also "Reverend."

Career

1880: Clerk in a coal office
1882: Auctioneer and valuer for the Sheriff of Derbyshire, England, until 1883, when he entered Midland Baptist College, Nottingham
1884: Nottingham Baptist College
1885: Pastor of the Baptist Chapel, Ilkeston
1886–1888: Pastor of the Baptist Chapel at Syston, near Leicester
1888–188?: Pastor, joint churches of St. Helens and Earlestown, branch churches of Myrtle Street, Liverpool.
October 1890–1906: Pastor of Pembroke Baptist Church, Liverpool
April 1907–1911: Pastor of the John D. Rockefeller Church (Fifth Avenue Baptist) in Manhattan, the forerunner to Riverside Church.
1912: Congregational Church, Atlanta
1911–1916: First Congregational Church, San Francisco
July 26, 1916: Aked resigned as Chairman of the American Committee to the Ford Neutral Peace Conference (not to be confused with the original Peace Ship; see Opposition to World War I § Henry Ford) in Stockholm, citing, "the delegation as utterly failed in its object of bringing about peace, and that there is no possibility that the conference, composed of crazy cranks and dreamers, could do anything towards peace."^[6]
1917: First Congregational Church of Riverside, California; Aked was guest Pastor from Easter Sunday 1917 through the of 1917. Rev. Horace Porter, who had been Pastor there for 8 years, resigned and gave his last sermon Easter Sunday, April 8, 1917.
1919–1924: First Congregational Church at Admiral Boulevard and Highland Avenue, Kansas City
October 1924–1931: Associate-Pastor with Dr. Frank Dyer, of Wilshire Boulevard Congregational Church (the building is currently the Wilshire United Methodist Church) on Wilshire Boulevard at South Plymouth Street (4350 Wilshire Boulevard), Los Angeles.
1928–19??: Pastor and founder of All-Souls Church, Los Angeles, which occupied the Wilshire Boulevard Congregational Church from mid-1928 through January 1931. All Souls moved into the Ambassador Hotel Theater in 1931, where, in 1924, the Wilshire Congregational Church was housed before their church building had been erected.

link

All Souls Church

I

t has been said that for evil men to accomplish their purpose it is only necessary that good men should do nothing. It is time that we gave up the things that our fathers believed.

– Rev. Charles F. Aked's maxim used in a 1916 speech supporting alcohol prohibition^[7]

link

Wilshire Boulevard Congregational Church (currently, the Wilshire United Methodist Church) on Wilshire Boulevard at South Plymouth Street (4350 Wilshire Boulevard), Los Angeles.

In 1922, the architect, Carleton M. Winslow, Sr., produced a $500,000 scheme for this church that was rejected in favor of a plan by Allison and Allison. The Wilshire Congregational congregation underwent a great amount of turmoil in the 1920s, removing its outspoken pastor, Dr. Frank Dyer (1875–1963) around 1929. A Los Angeles Examiner newspaper article of February 22, 1926, scandalously indicated that the reverend was playing jazz in the church.

In an Los Angeles Times article of July 27, 1925, the pastor was accused of being a supporter of the American Civil Liberties Union, considered by many during the Red Scare of the 1920s to have been a communist front organization. Dyer, a frequent radio address in the 1920s, urged for greater inter-denominational tolerance and understanding. He brought in a liberal colleague, Dr. Charles F. Aked, to act as co-pastor in October 1924, but this cooperation ended in mid-1925 when Aked resigned. The Los Angeles Times, July 27, 1925, published a lengthy list of those with grievances against Dyer, and this included the architects, Allison and Allison. The 550-member congregation itself merged with Aked's nearby All Soul's Congregational Church in May 1929, and the new All Soul's Congregational Church used this building for a very short time before putting it up for sale. This costly building became the Wilshire Methodist Church shortly after it was constructed.

Unbuilt. The building had its ceremonial cornerstone-laying, December 22, 1924, and its completion was set before June 1, 1925. The church was to be in the "Italian Gothic" style and would seat 1400, according to a Los Angeles Times article of December 22, 1924. The tower soared 144 feet above the church overlooking Wilshire Boulevard, and could be seen from five miles away.

Concrete in Architecture, 1927.
"Church Plans New Building", Los Angeles Times, 9, 01/19/1923.
"Notables help in stone laying", Los Angeles Times, A2, 12/22/1924.
"Wilshire church to open", Los Angeles Times, A2, 05/23/1925.
"Church to be dedicated", Los Angeles Times, B7, 05/24/1925.
"A Page Conducted by John Steven", Los Angeles Times, K3, 06/14/1925.
"Pastor scored by statement", Los Angeles Times, A1, 07/27/1925.
"Winslow loses Wilshire Congregational Church Commission to Allison and Allison", Los Angeles Times, 7, 03/18/1923.
"Split over Church Site Threatens", Los Angeles Times, 10, 12/14/1923.

South Africa

December 22, 1901, Peace Sunday, Aked, stated: "Great Britain cannot win the battles without resorting to the last despicable cowardice of the most loathsome cur on earth – the act of striking a brave man's heart through his wife's honour and his child's life. The cowardly war has been conducted by methods of barbarism ... the concentration camps have been Murder Camps." He is followed home by a large crowd and they smash the windows of his house.^[8]

Peace Sunday was observed on the third Sunday of December by all peace societies, including the department of peace and arbitration of the world's W.C.T.U.

G

reat Britain cannot win the battles without resorting to the last despicable cowardice of the most loathsome cur on earth – the act of striking a brave man's heart through his wife's honor and his child's life. The cowardly war has been conducted by methods of barbarism ... the concentration camps have been Murder Camps.

– Rev. Charles F. Aked, December 22, 1901

U.S. Citizen

Aked became a U.S. naturalized citizen June 30, 1913, in the Superior Court of California at San Francisco (cite U.S. Passport application, June 21, 1923)

Views

On February 1, 1914, in San Francisco, Aked stated in a sermon that he did not support the doctrine of the miraculous conception and birth of Christ.^[9]

Affiliations

Member, Aborigines' Protection Society^[10]
1902: Passive Resistance League: Aked – with John Clifford as leader, William John Townsend, D.D. (1835–1915), John Massie, M.P. (1842–1925), Thomas Law, D.D. (1854–1910), and others, all non-conformist (aka Free Church) ministers – founded the Passive Resistance League at Bolton to combat the Education Act 1902.
1915: Took part in Henry Ford's Peace Ship
Neutral Conference (aka Ford Conference}
Member, Stop the War Committee^[11]

Selected writings

Aked, Charles Frederic (June 1894). "The Race Problem in America". The Contemporary Review. 65 (342). London: Ibister and Company, Ltd.: 818–827. Retrieved November 16, 2020 – via Google Books.

Aked, Charles Frederic (1905). The Courage of the Coward (2nd ed.). London: James Clark & Co. Retrieved November 13, 2020. (a collection of 14 sermons by Aked, the first bearing the name of the book title){{cite book}}: CS1 maint: postscript (link)
Aked, Charles Frederic (1907) [1905]. The Courage of the Coward (2nd ed.). Fleming H. Revell Company. Retrieved November 13, 2020. (a collection of 14 sermons by Aked, the first bearing the name of the book title){{cite book}}: CS1 maint: postscript (link)
Aken, Charles Frederic (November 1908). Harvey, George Brinton McClellan (ed.). "The Woman Movement in England". North American Review (monthly literary journal). 188 (636). 331 Pearl Street, Franklin Square, New York: 650–658 access=. ISSN 0029-2397. JSTOR 25106234. OCLC 5543831606. Retrieved November 13, 2020. → Aked declares that women have the right to vote ... that they are being denied the privilege ...{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: location (link) CS1 maint: postscript (link)

Aked, Charles Frederic (January 1, 1915). Japan's Message to America and America's Reply. Vol. Bulletin No. 3. San Francisco: Bureau of International Relations, Japan Society of America. Retrieved November 17, 2020 – via HathiTrust. (a sermon delivered to the First Congregational Church, San Francisco, Sunday evening, December 20, 1914){{cite book}}: CS1 maint: postscript (link) Bulletin: OCLC 227459431 (all editions). Sermon: OCLC 1084606344 (all editions).

Aked, Charles Frederic (January 1894). Changing Creeds and Social Struggles. James Clark & Co. " ... [for] those who follow the contemporary progress of religious dissent in England ... " {{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameters: |lay-date=, |lay-url=, |lay-format=, and |lay-source= (help)CS1 maint: postscript (link) OCLC 933046263 (all editions).

Huxley, Jesse (of Oswestry) (1894). A Reply to Rev. C.F. Aked's Changing Creeds and Social Struggles. Keswick House, Paternoster Row, London: Marshall Bros. (publisher). Chatham: W. & J. Mackay & Co. – William Mackay, publisher of the "Chatham Observer" (printer). ISBN 9780790599687. {{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameters: |lay-date=, |lay-url=, |lay-format=, and |lay-source= (help) OCLC 5806301 (all editions)^[b]

Honors

1916: Inducted as a Member, Annual Journal of the National Institute of Social Sciences^[12]^[13]
1914: Gold medalist, light-weight tackle class, for catching a 43+1⁄2-pound (19.7-kilogram) [California] yellowtail (seriola dorsalis), 16th Annual Summer Sea Angling Tournament, Tuna Club of Avalon^[14]^[15]

Honorary degrees

June 8, 1898: Honorary Doctor of Divinity, Morris Brown University, Atlanta, conferred upon Aken by James M. Henderson, D.D. (1859–1927), President^[16]
May 1901: Honorary Doctor of Divinity, Temple University, Philadelphia
June 19, 1907: Honorary Doctor of Divinity, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, conferred upon Aked by Joseph Edward Stubbs (1850–1914), President^[17]
October 3, 1913: Honorary Doctor of Laws, University of Nevada, Reno^[18]
June 3, 1923: Honorary Doctorate, Drury College, Springfield, Missouri, in its 50th anniversary. Aked, at the time, was living in Kansas City
June 8, 1929: Honorary Litt.D., University of Southern California (see List: Honary degrees conferred by the University of Southern California (es))^[19]

Family

In 1886, Aked married Ann Hithersay (maiden; 1867–1934) of Ilkeston, England. They had no children. Mabel Aked, listed as his daughter,^[20] married A. E. Fitzmorris at the Whilshire Crest Presbyterian Church, a church founded in 1928 that tried to survive as a black-white integrated church, but finally dissolved December 31, 1974.

His mother, Ann Aked, in 1881, was a licensed victualler, listed at Poplar Street, Sneiton.^[21]

Ida B. Wells and Ferdinand L. Barnett married July 27, 1895. They wanted Aked to perform the ceremony. Reverend David Andrew Graham (1861–1936) of Bethel Church (AME), corner of 13th and Dearborn Streets, Chicago, performed the ceremony instead. Ferdinand’s coeditor at the Conservator, R. P. Bird, and his friend S. J. Evans stood up for him.^[22]

1862: Founded by Rev. Ænos McIntosh (1820–1873).

18??: First building, Jackson and Van Buren streets, a site that is currently the Chicago Financial Board of Trade

1875: Third Avenue, between Taylor and 12th Streets

1895–1924: Bethel AME Church (1891–1925) – 30th and Dearborn Streets

2020, located at 4444 S. Michigan Ave.

"Church and Pulpit – Bethel Church". The Daily Inter-Ocean. Vol. 4, no. 177. Chicago. October 18, 1875. p. 8 (col. 3). Retrieved November 17, 2020 – via Newspapers.com.

Death

Norman Vincent Peale delivered the eulogy at officiated at Aked's funeral.

Bibliography

Annotations

^ ^a ^b The internal links to articles for "fundamentalism" and "miracle" may not accurately represent the dogma connected to Aked. Put anther way, those articles were not necessarily edited to conform to Aked's ideas. The links only serve as a general overview of the subjects.
^ W. & J. Mackay was founded in Leith, the seaport of Edinburgh, in 1875. The principles were William Mackay and his brother, John Mackay. In 1878, they also opened in Kent when the Chatham and Rochester Observer was acquired, with printing. From the earliest days, James was the printer while William had various journalistic jobs. The firm incorporated in 1897 as W. & J. Mackay Co. Limited and ran until the 1970s. (Whyman)

Cite error: A list-defined reference named "Aked-prohibition-axiom 1916 Oct" is not used in the content (see the help page).

Notes

References to linked inline notes

Books, journals, magazines, and academic papers

Advance, The (February 14, 1907). "An Imported Pastor – The Man Who Is to Preach to J.D. Rockefeller" (weekly). 53 (2153). Chicago: Advance Publishing Co.: 203–204. Retrieved November 16, 2020 – via Google Books. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help) LCCN sn82-7018. OCLC 646166048 (all editions).

"Aked, The Rev. Charles F." (PDF). Henry Ford's Peace Expedition – Who's Who. Copenhagen: J. Cohens Printing House (printer) [København: J. Cohens Bogtrykkerier (Trykkeri)] (Georg A. Bach). December 1915. p. 10. Retrieved November 16, 2020 – via The Peace Library, The Hague, Netherlands. OCLC 16755316 (all editions)

Benson, Arthur Christopher (1900). The Life of Edward White Benson, Sometime Archbishop of Canterbury: By His Son Arthur Christopher Benson (2 Vols.). London: Macmillan & Company re: Edward White Benson{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: postscript (link) OCLC 462737407 (all editions).

Brown Alumni Monthly, The, June 1907 to May 1908 (1908). "Conferring Degrees". 8 (2). Providence, Rhode Island: The Brown Magazine Company, Brown University: 36. Retrieved November 16, 2020 – via Internet Archive. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)

Baptist Quarterly; Smith, Karen Elizabeth, DPhil (2019) [published online: September 6, 2017]. "Charles Frederic Aked (1864–1941): 'A Fighting Parson' for Social Reform". Baptist Quarterly. 50 (1). London: Baptist Historical Society: 3–18. doi:10.1080/0005576X.2017.1343894. S2CID 148663771. Retrieved November 13, 2020.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) OCLC 7943898312. ISSN 2056-7731. ISSN 0005-576X.

Forest and Stream (October 31, 1914). "Tuna Club, Santa Catalina Island, California". 83 (18). New York. Retrieved November 16, 2020 – via Google Books. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)

Hamersly, ed. (1910) [©1909]. "Aked, Charles Frederic". Men and Women of America; A Biographical Dictionary of Contemporaries. New York: L. R. Hamersly & Co. (Lewis Randolph Hamersly; 1848–1910). pp. 19–20. OCLC 1011946917. Retrieved November 16, 2020 – via Internet Archive.

Aked, Charles Frederic (November 1907). "For Sermon and Scrapbook – Queen Victoria's Opinion". The Institute Tie. New Series. 8 (3). Chicago: Moody Bible Institute: 201. Retrieved November 23, 2020 – via Google Books.

Jordan, Brucella Wiggins (2003). Ida B. Wells, Catherine Impey, and Trans-Atlantic Dimensions of the Nineteenth-Century Anti-Lynching Movement (PhD dissertation, history, Eberly College of Arts and Sciences, Department of History). Morgantown: West Virginia University. Retrieved November 17, 2020. OCLC 52488224, 1158307686.

"List of Annual Members, 1916". Journal of the National Institute of Social Sciences. 2. National Institute of Social Sciences: 203. July 1916. Retrieved November 16, 2020. (membership, then, was conferred in recognition for service in the line of social sciences){{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: postscript (link)

Lyceum, The (November 1916). "Honor to Prof. Daggy". 26 (6): 11. Retrieved November 16, 2020 – via Google Books. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)

Macmillan, ed. (1910). "Aked, Charles Frederic". Who's Who 1910 – An Annual Biographical Dictionary. Vol. Vol. 62. London: Adam and Charles Black; New York: The Macmillan Company. p. 20. Retrieved November 16, 2020 – via Google Books. {{cite book}}: |volume= has extra text (help)

Prescott, Warren Prescott (1855–1944), ed. (September 17, 1908). "Note and Comment – Evolution and the Bible". The Advent Review and Sabbath Herald (weekly newsmagazine). Vol. 85, no. 38. Takoma Park Station, Maryland, and Washington, D.C.: Review and Herald Publishing Association. p. 6. Retrieved November 15, 2020 – via adventistdigitallibrary.org (Center for Adventist Research, Andrews University, Berrien Springs, Michigan). {{cite news}}: External link in |via= (help)CS1 maint: numeric names: editors list (link) OCLC 925539867 (all editions)

Price, Richard Norman, DPhil (1972). "The Failure of Radicalism". An Imperial War and the British Working Class – Working-Class Attitudes and Reactions to the Boer War 1899–1902. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. ISBN 9781134529711. Retrieved November 17, 2020 – via Google Books.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) OCLC 463190409 (all editions).

Smith, Thomas Eastwood, IV (December 2006). Reform and Empire: The British and American Transnational Search for the Rights of Black People in the Late Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Centuries (PDF) (PhD dissertation, history). Lincoln: University of Nebraska. Retrieved November 17, 2020.{{cite thesis}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) OCLC 164264910, 729179899, 750314633.

Todd, Earle Marion, D.D. (1863–1940), Harlingen, Texas, addressed to Dr. Edward Scribner Ames, PhD (1870–1958) (October 1935). "A Friendly Criticism". The Scroll (monthly). 31 (7). Evanston, Illinois: Campbell Institute – Christian Church (Disciples of Christ): 251–255. Retrieved November 16, 2020 – via Internet Archive. (Earle Marion Todd was President of Culver–Stockton College, Canton, Missouri, from 1914 to 1917){{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: postscript (link) OCLC 8942779 (all editions).

USC Commencement (June 8, 1929). "Forty-sixth Annual Commencement of the University of Southern California". Retrieved November 15, 2020.

University of Nevada Alumni Directory (November 1, 1922). "Table II: Holders of Honorary Degrees". University of Nevada Bulletin (quarterly). Vol. 16. University of Nevada, Reno. p. 33. Retrieved November 16, 2020 – via Google Books. {{cite book}}: |last1= has generic name (help)

Wells, Ida Bell (1970). Duster, Alfreda (ed.). Crusade for Justice: The Autobiography of Ida B. Wells. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 0-226-89344-8. LCCN 73108837. OCLC 8162296586. Retrieved September 8, 2019 – via Internet Archive (Negro American Biographies and Autobiographies Series. John Hope Franklin, Series Editor){{cite book}}: CS1 maint: postscript (link)

Whyman, John, PhD (past President of the Kent History Federation) (1974). From Leith to Lordswood: Being a Short History of W. & J. Mackay to Mark Their Centeninary 1875–1975. Chatham: W. & J. Mackay. {{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameters: |lay-url=, |lay-date=, |lay-source=, and |lay-format= (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) OCLC 1114791286 (all editions).

News media

[Atlanta] Constitution, The (June 12, 1898). "What the Negro is Doing – Morris Brown College Commencement". Vol. 30. Atlanta, Georgia. p. 22 (col. 3 & 4), section 2. Retrieved November 16, 2020 – via Newspapers.com.

Detroit Free Press (July 26, 1936). "20 Years Ago – July 26, 1916". Turning Back the Pages. Vol. 106, no. 83. p. 6 (part 1; col. 4; bottom). Retrieved November 16, 2020 – via Newspapers.com.

Guardian, The (January 6, 1902). "The Rev C.F. Aked and the War". London. p. 6 (col. 1). Retrieved November 17, 2020 – via Newspapers.com. ISSN 0261-3077 (print). ISSN 1756-3224 (web). OCLC 60623878 (all editions).

Los Angles Times, The (July 27, 1915). "Pastor Scored by Statement". The Los Angeles Times. Vol. 44, no. 236. pp. 1 & 2 (part 2). Retrieved November 14, 2020 – via Newspapers.com.

Los Angles Times, The; Dart, John (March 23, 1975). "80 Presbyterian Churches in Southland Face Fight for Survival". Vol. 94, no. 110. pp. 1 & 6 (part 5). Retrieved November 13, 2020 – via Newspapers.com.

Los Angles Times, The (June 29, 1942). "Mabel Aked to A.E. Fitzmorris". Vol. 61, no. 208. p. 6 (part 2). Retrieved November 13, 2020 – via Newspapers.com.

New-York Daily Tribune (April 14, 1907). "A Militant Pastor – C.F. Aked of Fifth Avenue Baptist Church, Dispenses With Titles". Vol. 66, no. 22064. p. 3 (col. 4); part 5). Retrieved November 16, 2020 – via Chronicling America.

New York Times, The (February 5, 1914). "Aked Bows to Criticism – Will Quit as Church Federation Head – Views on Jesus Objected To". Vol. 63, no. 20466. p. 6 (col. 1). Retrieved November 13, 2020 – via TimesMachine. ISSN 0362-4331 (ProQuest digital). ISSN 1553-8095.

Nottinghamshire Guardian (July 1, 1881). "Second Court: Weights, Scales, and Measures". p. 3 (col. 4). Retrieved November 17, 2020 – via Newspapers.com.

Pall Mall Gazette, The; Aked, Charles Frederic (April 1, 1889). "Is Football Demoralizing?". Vol. 44, no. 7500. London. p. 1. Retrieved November 15, 2020 – via Newspapers.com.

San Francisco Examiner; Aked, Charles Frederic (April 25, 1914). "A City of Rod and Reel". Vol. 100, no. 115. p. 26. Retrieved November 16, 2020 – via Newspapers.com.

San Jose Mercury Herald (October 31, 1916). "On Liquor Traffic". p. 1. LCCN sn82014491. OCLC 8786973 – via Newspapers.com.

Standard, The (January 19, 1907). Dickerson, James Spencer (ed.). "Dr. C.F. Aked" (Baptist newspaper). 54 (21). Chicago: Goodman & Dickerson Co.: 25. Retrieved November 15, 2020 – via Google Books. (formerly The Christian Times. Directors in 1907 included (i) Edward Goodman (1830–1911), (ii) Emma R. Dickerson (née Emma Halsey Richardson; 1841–1908), and (iii) stepson, James Spencer Dickerson (1853–1933). {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)CS1 maint: postscript (link) OCLC 312894866 (all editions).