| Verb forms
|
| abide • abided/*abode • abided/*abidden
|
| be † was been
|
bear • bore • born/borne
- forbear • forbore • forborne
- *misbear • misbore • misborne
- overbear • overbore • overborne
- underbear • underbore • underborne
|
beat - beat - beaten/beat
- browbeat - browbeat - browbeaten
|
become - became - become
- misbecome - misbecame - misbecome
|
| befall - befell - befallen
|
| begin - began - begun
|
bend - bent/bended - bent/bended
- overbend - overbent - overbent
- unbend - unbent - unbent
|
| bereave bereaved/bereft bereaved/bereft
|
| *beseech besought/beseeched besought/beseeched
|
| beset beset beset
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| bet bet/betted bet/betted
|
bid (in playing cards, auctions, etc.) bid bid
- outbid outbid outbid
- overbid overbid overbid
- underbid underbid underbid
|
| bid (meaning to request or say) bade/bid/bidded bidden/bid/bidde
|
| bide bided/bode bided/bidde
|
bind bound bound
- unbind unbound unbound
- underbind underbound underbound
|
| bite - bit - bitten
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| bleed - bled - bled
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| bless blessed/blest blessed/blest
|
blow - blew - blown
- overblow - overblew - overblown
|
| break - broke - broken
|
breed - bred - bred
- inbreed - inbred - inbred
- interbreed - interbred - interbred
- overbreed - overbred - overbred
|
| bring - brought - brought
|
build - built - built
- overbuild - overbuilt - overbuilt
- rebuild - rebuilt - rebuilt
- underbuild - underbuilt - underbuilt
|
| burn burned/burnt burnt/burned
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| burst burst/bursted burst/bursted/busted
|
buy bought bought/*boughten
- overbuy overbought overbought
- underbuy underbought underbought
|
| can (auxil. verb only) - could - (none)
|
cast - cast - cast
- broadcast - broadcast - broadcast
- forecast - forecast - forecast
- miscast - miscast - miscast
- overcast - overcast - overcast
- podcast - podcast - podcast
- precast - precast - precast
- recast - recast - recast
- simulcast - simulcast - simulcast
- telecast - telecast - telecast
- undercast - undercast - undercast
- webcast - webcast - webcast
|
| catch caught caught
|
choose chose chosen
- mischoose mischose mischosen
|
| cleave (split apart) clove cloven/cleft
|
| *cleave (cling to) cleft/cleaved cleft/cleaved
|
| *clepe cleped/clept cleped/clept
|
| cling clung clung
|
clothe clothed/clad clothed/clad
- overclothe overclothed/overclad overclothed/overclad
- unclothe unclothed/unclad unclothed/unclad
- underclothe underclothed/underclad underclothed/underclad
|
come - came - come
- overcome - overcame - overcome
|
| cost (the intransitive sense) cost cost
|
| creep - crept - crept
|
cut cut cut
- crosscut crosscut crosscut
- intercut intercut intercut
- recut recut recut
- undercut undercut undercut
|
deal - dealt - dealt
- misdeal - misdealt - misdealt
|
dig dug dug
- underdig underdug underdug
|
| dive dived/dove dived/doven
|
do † did done
- misdo misdid misdone
- outdo outdid outdone
- overdo overdid overdone
- redo redid redone
- undo undid undone
- underdo underdid underdone
|
| drag drug/dragged drug/dragged
|
draw - drew - drawn
- overdraw - overdrew - overdrawn
- redraw - redrew - redrawn
- underdraw - underdrew - underdrawn
- withdraw - withdrew - withdrawn
|
| dream dreamed/dreamt dreamed/dreamt
|
dress dressed/*drest dressed/*drest
- overdress overdressed overdressed
- underdress underdressed underdressed
- undress undressed undressed
|
drink drank/drunk drank/drunk/drunken
- overdrink overdrank overdrunk
|
drive drove driven
- overdrive overdrove overdriven
|
| dwell dwelt/dwelled dwelt/dwelled
|
eat - ate - eaten
- overeat - overate - overeaten
|
| fall - fell - fallen
|
feed - fed - fed
- misfeed - misfed - misfed
- overfeed - overfed - overfed
- underfeed - underfed - underfed
|
| feel - felt - felt
|
| fight - fought - fought
|
| find - found - found
|
fit - fit/fitted - fit/fitted
- misfit - misfit/misfitted - misfit/misfitted
|
| flee - fled - fled
|
| fling - flung - flung
|
fly - flew - flown
- overfly - overflew - overflown
|
| forbid - forbade/forbid - forbid/forbidden
|
| forget - forgot - forgotten
|
| forgive - forgave - forgiven
|
| forsake - forsook - forsaken
|
| freeze - froze - frozen
|
get •got • gotten/got
- beget • begot/*begat • begotten/begot
- misbeget • misbegot • misbegotten/misbegot
- misget •
- misbeget • misbegot • misbegotten/misbegot
- *underget • undergot • undergotten
|
| gild - gilded/gilt - gilded/gilt
|
*gird - girt/girded - girt/girded
- undergird undergirt/undergirded undergirt/undergirded
|
give - gave - given
- misgive - misgave - misgiven
|
go - went - gone
- forego - forewent - foregone
- forgo - forwent - forgone
- undergo - underwent - undergone
- *withgo - withwent - withgone
|
| grave - grove/graved - graven/graved
|
| grind • ground/grinded • ground
|
grow • grew • grown
- outgrow • outgrew • outgrown
- overgrow • overgrew • overgrown
- regrow • regrew • regrown
- undergrow • undergrew • undergrown
|
hang - hung/hanged - hung/hanged
- overhang - overhung - overhung
- underhang - underhung - underhung
|
| have † had had
|
hear - heard - heard
- mishear misheard misheard
- overhear overheard overheard
- unhear unheard unheard
|
hew - hew/hewed - hewn/hewed
- underhew - underhewed - underhewn/underhewed
|
| hide - hid - hid/hidden
|
hit - hit - hit
- mishit - mishit - mishit
|
hold - held - held
- behold - beheld - beheld
- mishold - misheld - misheld
- uphold - upheld - upheld
- withhold - withheld - withheld
|
Strong, class 7
|
| hurt hurt hurt
|
keep - kept - kept
- miskeep miskept miskept
|
*ken - kenned/kent - kenned/kent
- *misken miskenned/miskent miskenned/miskent
|
| kneel - knelt/kneeled - knelt/kneeled
|
| knit - knit/knitted - knit/knitted
|
Weak with assimilation of dentals
|
know - knew - known
- foreknow foreknew foreknown
- misknow misknew misknown
|
| lade - laded - laden/laded
|
lay • laid • laid
- *forelay • forelaid • forelaid
- *forlay • forlaid • forlaid
- inlay - inlaid - inlaid
- mislay - mislaid - mislaid
- overlay - overlaid - overlaid
- underlay - underlaid - underlaid
- waylay waylaid waylaid
|
lead • led • led
- mislead • misled • misled
|
| lean - leaned/leant - leaned/leant
|
| leap - leaped/leapt - leaped/leapt
|
learn - learned/learnt - learned/learnt
- mislearn mislearned/mislearnt - mislearned/mislearnt
- unlearn - unlearned/unlearnt - unlearned/unlearnt
|
leave - left - left
- *forleave • forleft • forleft/forlaft
|
lend • lent • lent
- *forlend • forlent • forlent
|
let (allow) - let - let
- *forlet forlet forlet
- sublet sublet sublet
- *underlet underlet underlet
|
lie (posture) - lay - lain
- *forelie forlay forlain
- overlie overlay overlain
- underlie underlay underlain
|
| light - lit/lighted - lit/lighted
|
| lose - lost - lost
|
make - made - made
- remake remade remade
- unmake unmade unmade
|
| may might
|
Preterite-present
|
| mean - meant - meant
|
Weak with vowel reduction and assimilation of dentals
|
| meet - met - met
|
Weak with vowel reduction and assimilation of dentals
|
| melt - melted/*molt - melted/*molten
|
| misshape - misshaped - misshaped/misshapen
|
| mow - mowed - mowed/mown
|
| overhang overhung/overhanged overhung/overhanged
|
| override overrode overridden
|
pay paid paid
- overpay overpaid overpaid
- prepay prepaid prepaid
- repay repaid repaid
- underpay underpaid underpaid
|
| pen - penned/pent - penned/pent
|
| plead - pleaded/pled - pleaded/pled
|
| proofread - proofread - proofread
|
| prove - proved - proved/proven
|
borrowed French verb
|
put - put - put
- input - input - input
- output - output - output
|
| *queath or quethe - quoth - quoth/quethen
|
| quit - quit - quit
|
read - read - read
- lipread lipread lipread
- misread misread misread
- reread reread reread
|
| *reave - reft - reft
|
| rend - rent - rent
|
| re-lay - re-laid - re-laid/re-lain
|
| repay - repaid - repaid
|
| rethink rethought rethought
|
| rewind rewound rewound
|
| rewrite rewrote rewritten
|
| rid - rid/ridded - rid/ridden/ridded
|
ride - rode - ridden
- override overrode overridden
|
| ring - rang - rung
|
rise - rose - risen
- arise - arose - arisen
|
| *rive - rived/rove - rived/riven
|
run - ran - run
- *forerun - foreran - forerun
- outrun - outran - outrun
- overrun - overran - overrun
- rerun - reran - rerun
- underrun - underran - underrun
|
| *sake - sook - saken
|
| saw - sawed - sawed/sawn
|
say † said said
- *forsay forsaid forsaid
- *gainsay gainsaid gainsaid
- missay missaid missaid
- *naysay naysaid naysaid
- *withsay withsaid withsaid
|
Weak
|
see saw seen
- *besee *besaw *beseen
- foresee foresaw foreseen
- oversee oversaw overseen
|
| seek - sought - sought
|
sell - sold - sold
- outsell outsold outsold
- oversell oversold oversold
- resell - resold - resold
- undersell undersold undersold
|
send - sent - sent
- missend - missent - missent
- resend - resent - resent
|
set - set - set
- beset beset beset
- inset inset inset
- misset misset misset
- *overset overset overset
- preset preset preset
- reset - reset - reset
- upset - upset - upset
- *withset withset withset
|
sew sewed - sewed/sewn
- oversew oversewed - oversewed/oversewn
|
shake shook shaken
- overshake overshook overshaken
|
| shall - should - (none)
|
Preterite-present; defective; see also Shall and will
|
shape - shaped - shapen/shaped
- misshape misshaped misshapen/misshaped
|
|
| shave - shove/shaved - shaven/shaved
|
| shear - shore/sheared - shorn
|
| shed - shed/shedded - shed/shedded
|
shine shined/shone shined/shone
- *beshine beshone beshone
- outshine outshined/outshone outshined/outshone
- overshine overshined/overshone overshined/overshone
|
| **shit shit/shat/shitted - shit/shat/shat
|
| *shite shit/shat - shit/shat/shitten
|
| shoe - shoed/shod - shoed/shod/shodden
|
shoot - shot - shot
- misshoot misshot misshot
- overshoot overshot overshot
- reshoot reshot reshot
- undershoot undershot undershot
|
| show - showed/*shew - shown/showed
|
| shrink - shrank/shrunk - shrunk/shrunken
|
| *shrive - shrove - shriven
|
| shut - shut - shut
|
sing - sang - sung
- resing - resang - resung
|
| sink - sank/sunk - sunk/sunken
|
sit - sat - sat/*sitten
- *withsit - withsat - withsat/*withsitten
|
| slay - slew/slayed - slain/slayed
|
sleep - slept - slept
- oversleep overslept overslept
|
slide - slid - slid/slidden
- overslide overslid overslid/overslidden
|
| sling - slang/slung - slung
|
| slink - slunk - slunk
|
slip - slipped/*slipt - slipped/*slipt
- overslip overslipped/overslipt overslipped/overslipt
|
| slit - slit - slit
|
| smell - smelled/smelt - smelled/smelt
|
| *smite* - smote/*smit - smitten
|
| sneak - sneaked/snuck - sneaked/snuck
|
| sow - sowed/sew - sowed/sown
|
speak - spoke - spoken
- *bespeak bespoke bespoken
- *forspeak forspoke forspoken
- misspeak misspoke misspoken
|
| speed - sped/speeded - sped/speeded
|
spell - spelled/spelt - spelled/spelt
- misspell misspelled/misspelt misspelled/misspelt
|
spend - spent - spent
- *forspend forspent forspent
- misspend misspent misspent
- outspend outspent outspent
|
spill - spilled/spilt - spilled/spilt
- overspill* overspilled/overspilt overspilled/overspilt
|
| spin - span/spun - spun
|
| spit - spit/spat - spit
|
| split - split - split
|
| spoil - spoiled/spoilt - spoiled/spoilt
|
spread - spread - spread
- *bespread bespread bespread
|
| spring - sprang/sprung - sprung
|
stand - stood - stood
- misunderstand misunderstood misunderstood
- understand - understood - understood
- withstand - withstood - withstood
|
| stay - stayed/*staid - stayed/*staid
|
| steal - stole - stolen
|
| stick stuck stuck
|
| sting - stung/stang - stung
|
| stink - stank/stunk - stunk
|
| strew - strew/strewed - strown/strewed
|
stride - strode/strided - stridden/strided
- overstride overstrode overstridden
|
| strike - struck - stricken/struck
|
| string - strang/strung - strung
|
| strive - strove/strived - striven/strived
|
swear swore sworn
- forswear forswore forsworn
- outswear outswore outsworn
|
| sweat - sweat/sweated - sweat/sweated
|
| sweep swept swept
|
| swell - swelled/swole - swelled/swollen
|
| *swelt - swolt/swelted - swolten/swelted
|
| swim - swam - swam/swum
|
swing - swang/swung - swung
- overswing overswung overswung
|
take took taken
- mistake mistook mistaken
- overtake overtook overtaken
- partake partook partaken
- retake retook retaken
- undertake undertook undertaken
|
| teach taught taught
|
| tear - tore - torn
|
tell - told - told
- foretell foretold foretold
- retell retold retold
- *outtell outtold outtold
|
think thought thought
- outthink outthought outthought
- rethink rethought rethought
|
| thrive - thrived/throve - thrived/thriven
|
throw - threw - thrown
- outthrow outthrew outthrown
|
thrust - thrust/thrusted - thrust/thrusted
- outthrust outthrust outthrust
|
tread - trod - trodden/trod
- retread retrod retrodden/retrod
|
wake - woke - woken/awakened
- awake awoke awoken
|
| wax - waxed - waxed
|
wear - wore - worn
- overwear - overwore - overworn
|
weave - weaved/wove - woven
- interweave - interwove - interwoven
|
| wed - wed/wedded - wed/wedded
|
| weep - wept - wept
|
| *wend - wended/went - wended/went
|
| wet - wet/wetted - wet/wetted
|
| will would/willed willed
|
| win - won - won
|
wind - wound - wound
- rewind - rewound - rewound
- unwind - unwound - unwound
|
work - worked - worked/*wrought
- overwork - overworked - overworked/overwrought
|
| worth - worth - worth/*worthen
|
| wreak - wreaked/wrack - wreaked/wreaken/*wroken
|
| wring - wrang/wrung - wrung
|
write - wrote/*writ - written
- ghostwrite - ghostwrote - ghostwritten
- miswrite - miswrote - miswritten
- overwrite - overwrote - overwritten
- rewrite - rewrote - rewritten
- underwrite - underwrote - underwritten
|
| writhe - writhed/*wrothe - writhed/*writhen
|
