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Tron: Legacy

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This article is about the film. For the soundtrack album, see Tron: Legacy (soundtrack).

Tron: Legacy
A man releasing a disc upwards into the air, embraced by a woman
Theatrical release poster
Directed byJoseph Kosinski
Screenplay byAdam Horowitz
Edward Kitsis
Story byAdam Horowitz
Edward Kitsis
Brian Klugman
Lee Sternthal
Produced bySean Bailey
Jeffrey Silver
Steven Lisberger
StarringJeff Bridges
Garrett Hedlund
Olivia Wilde
Bruce Boxleitner
Michael Sheen
CinematographyClaudio Miranda
Edited byJames Haygood
Music byDaft Punk
Production
companies
Distributed byWalt Disney Pictures
Release date
  • December 17, 2010 (2010-12-17)
[1][2]
Running time
127 minutes[3]
CountryTemplate:Film US
LanguageEnglish
Budget$170 million[4][5]
Box office$400,062,763[4][6]

Tron: Legacy is a 2010 American science fiction film released by Walt Disney Pictures. A sequel to the 1982 science fiction film Tron, it is directed by Joseph Kosinski, produced by Tron director Steven Lisberger, and written by Adam Horowitz and Edward Kitsis, based on a story by Horowitz, Kitsis, Brian Klugman and Lee Sternthal. The cast includes the return of actors Jeff Bridges - as Kevin Flynn and CLU - and Bruce Boxleitner - as Alan Bradley and Tron - along with Garrett Hedlund, Olivia Wilde, Beau Garrett, Michael Sheen, and James Frain.[7] The story follows Flynn's son Sam (Hedlund), who after responding to a message from his long-lost father is transported into a virtual reality called the Grid. In the Grid, Sam, his father, and the algorithm Quorra (Wilde), are forced to stop the malevolent program CLU from invading the human world.

Talks of a sequel began in 2005, when writers Brian Klugman and Lee Sternthal were hired, hoping to convey the film in not only plot, but visually as well. In 2007, Joseph Kosinski was hired to direct, even though at the time Kosinski wasn't interested in the project. The film, which took $170 million to produce, was shot with specially developed 3D cameras, and had ten companies involved with the extensive visual effects work. The film's soundtrack was composed by the electronic music duo Daft Punk. Tron: Legacy was met with mixed critical reception, praising the visuals but criticizing the writing and acting, and became a box office hit, grossing over $400 million worldwide.[4]

Primary filming occured in Vancouver, British Columbia, beginning in April 2009.

Plot

In 1989, Kevin Flynn, software engineer and the CEO of ENCOM International, disappears. Twenty years later, his son, Sam, now ENCOMs' primary shareholder, takes little interest in the company beyond playing an annual trick on the board of directors; but is requested by his father's friend, ENCOM executive Alan Bradley, to investigate a message originating from Flynn's abandoned Video arcade. There, Sam discovers a secret chamber in which Sam unintentionally teleports himself to the Grid, a virtual reality created by his father.

On the Grid, Sam is sent to compete against a masked program called Rinzler who, having realized that Sam is a human User after seeing him bleed, takes him before CLU, a duplicate of Kevin Flynn who rules the Grid. CLU nearly kills Sam in a Light Cycle match; but the latter is rescued by Quorra, an "apprentice" of Flynn's, who conveys him to his father outside CLU's territory. There, Flynn reveals to Sam that he had been working to create a "perfect" computer system and had appointed CLU and Tron (a security program created by Bradley) its co-creators. During this construction, the trio discover a series of "isomorphic algorithms" (ISOs) bearing the potential to resolve various mysteries in science, religion, and medicine. CLU, having deemed them an aberration, betrayed Flynn, captured Tron, and destroyed the ISOs. Meanwhile, the "I/O portal" permitting travel between the two worlds had closed, leaving Flynn captive. Unable to prevail, CLU arranged the message sent to Alan, in order to lure Sam onto the Grid, to open the portal for a limited time. Additionally, as Flynn's 'identity disc' is the master key to the Grid and only way to go through the portal, CLU expects Sam to bring Flynn to the portal so that he may take Flynn's disc and go through the portal himself to destroy humanity.

Against his father's wishes, Sam returns to CLU's territory to find Zuse, a program who can provide safe passage to the I/O portal. At the End of Line Club, its owner Castor reveals himself to be Zuse, then betrays Sam to CLU's guards. In the resulting fight, Flynn rescues his son, Quorra is injured, and Zuse gains possession of Flynn's disc. Zuse attempts to bargain with CLU for the disc; but CLU simply takes the disc and destroys the club. Flynn and Sam stow away aboard a "solar sailer" transport program, where Flynn restores Quorra and reveals her to be the last surviving ISO. Shortly thereafter, the transport stops inside a large warship where Flynn, Sam, and Quorra discover that the transport contains inactive programs, scheduled for rectification (to be reprogrammed or repurposed) to serve CLU and go through the portal to the real world.

Aboard the warship, Flynn recognizes Rinzler as Tron, reprogrammed by CLU, due to his fighting style, while CLU announces his desire to invade the material world. Sam then reclaims Flynn's disc, whereupon CLU, Rinzler and several guards pursue the protagonists in Light Jets. Upon making eye contact with Flynn, Rinzler remembers his past and collides with CLU's Light Jet; but CLU uses Tron's spare baton to escape while Tron falls into the Sea of Simulation, where the colored lights on his armor change from CLU's orange to Tron's original blue. CLU later confronts the protagonists at the I/O portal, where Flynn absorbs him and dies in the process. Quorra, having traded discs with Flynn, gives Flynn's disc to Sam and they go through the portal.

In Flynn's arcade, Sam backs up the system, and having deactivated it asks a waiting Alan to take control of ENCOM, naming him chairman of the board. Quorra meets Sam outside, and the two depart on his motorcycle, Sam intending to show Quorra a sunrise en route.

Cast

Top to bottom: Garrett Hedlund, Jeff Bridges, and Olivia Wilde star in the film.
Further information: List of Tron characters
  • Garrett Hedlund as Sam Flynn, a primary shareholder of ENCOM International. While investigating his father's disappearance, Sam is transported onto the Grid himself.[8] Hedlund won a "Darwinian casting process" which tested hundreds of actors, being chosen for having the "unique combination of intelligence, wit, humor, look and physicality" that the producers where looking for Flynn's son. The actor trained hard to do his own stunts, which included jumping over cars and much wire and harness work.[9]
    • Owen Best plays the seven-year-old Sam Flynn.
  • Jeff Bridges as Kevin Flynn, the former CEO of ENCOM International and creator of the popular arcade game Tron based on his own experiences in ENCOM's virtual reality. He disappeared in 1989 while developing "a digital frontier that will reshape the human condition". Bridges also portrays CLU (Codified Likeness Utility), via digital makeup and voiceover, while John Reardon portrays CLU physically. CLU is a more advanced incarnation of Flynn's original computer-hacking program, designed as an "exact duplicate of himself" within the Grid and serves as the main antagonist of the film.[10]
  • Olivia Wilde as Quorra, an "isomorphic algorithm", adept warrior, and confidante of Kevin Flynn in the Grid. Flynn refers to her as his "apprentice" and has imparted volumes of information to her regarding the world outside of the Grid, which she longs to experience. She is shown to have a love of human literature, particularly the writings of Jules Verne, and to play Go with Flynn.[11] Wilde describes Quorra as akin to Joan of Arc.[12][13][14] Her hairstyle was influenced by singer Karen O.[12] Wilde added that although "[Quorra] could have just been another slinky, vampy temptress", it was important for her to appeal to both men and women,[12][14][15] and that character tried to avoid the typical female lead by having a naiveté and child-like innocence adequate for such an "evolving and learning organism". Quorra's action scenes lead Wilde to work out and train martial arts.[9]
  • Bruce Boxleitner as Alan Bradley, an executive consultant for ENCOM International,[16] and close friend of Kevin Flynn. After receiving a cryptic page from the office at the shuttered Flynn's Arcade, he encourages Sam to investigate its origin. Boxleitner also portrays Tron, a security program originally developed by Bradley to monitor ENCOM's Master Control Program, and later reassigned by Flynn to defend the Grid, in flashback sequences via the same treatment as Bridges' younger self for CLU.
  • Michael Sheen as Castor/Zuse, a vivacious program who runs the End of Line Club at the top of a tower in the system.[17] Sheen describes his performance as containing elements of performers such as Ziggy Stardust, Joel Grey from Cabaret, and a bit of Frank-N-Furter from The Rocky Horror Show.[18][19]
  • James Frain as Jarvis, Clu's right-hand program and chief intelligence officer.[20]
  • Beau Garrett as Gem, one of four programs known as Sirens. The Sirens operate the Grid's game armory, equipping combatants with the armor needed to compete in the games, while also reporting to Castor.[21][22]
  • Daft Punk as disc jockey programs at Castor's End of Line Club.
  • Yaya DaCosta, Serinda Swan, and Elizabeth Mathis as the other three Sirens.
  • Steven Lisberger as Shaddix, a bartender in the End of Line club.[23][24]
  • Anis Cheurfa, a stunt actor, portrays the masked warrior Rinzler.[23][25] Rinzler is named after author and Lucasfilm Executive Editor, J.W. Rinzler.[26]
  • Donnelly Rhodes and Belinda Montgomery as Grandpa and Grandma Flynn
  • Jeffrey Nordling as Richard Mackey, chairman of ENCOM's board.
  • Edie Mirman as the Computer Voice heard throughout the Grid.

Cillian Murphy appears in an uncredited role as Edward Dillinger, Jr., head of the software design team for ENCOM and the son of former ENCOM Senior Executive Ed Dillinger (portrayed by David Warner in the original film).[27]

Pre-production

Background

Steven Lisberger relocated to Boston, Massachusetts from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania in the 1970s to pursue a career in computer animation.[28] Since the computer animation field was mainly concentrated in Los Angeles, Lisberger endured very little competition. "Nobody back then did Hollywood stuff, so there was no competition and no one telling us that we couldn't do it."[28] He later produced the American science fiction film Tron (1982), which became the first feature film created entirely from computer animation.[28] It garnered high critical praise, but performed moderately at the box office with accumulative grosses of $33 million. Sean Bailey, who saw the film with his father and Lisberger, was captivated upon viewing the film.[28] Although Tron performed under expectations,[28] it later developed a cult following, which fueled speculations of Pixar's alleged interests in creating a sequel in 1999.[29] Rumors of a Tron sequel were further ignited after the release of the first person shooter game Tron 2.0 (2003). Lisberger hinted that a third installment could be in the works, depending on the commercial success of the game.[30]

Conception

Kosinski, who sought to avoid the formula used in The Matrix, developed a prototype of the universe of Tron: Legacy in its early stages of production.

Plans for creating Tron: Legacy began to materialize in 2005, when Walt Disney Pictures hired screenwriters Brian Klugman and Lee Sternthal as writers for the film. The two had recently finished writing the script for Warrior.[31] According to Variety columnist Michael Fleming, Klugman and Sternthal felt "that the world has caught up to Lisberger's original concept".[31] Klugman said of the film's prequel: "It was remembered not only for story, but a visual style that nobody had ever used before. We are contemporizing it, taking ideas that were ahead of the curve and applying them to the present, and we feel the film has a chance to resonate to a younger audience."[31]

In 2007, Disney executives began to negotiate with Joseph Kosinski to direct Tron: Legacy. Kosinski admitted that at the time, he was not keen of the idea but it later grew on him as time progressed.[32] Kosinski was involved in a meeting with Bailey, the President of Production of the Walt Disney Motion Pictures Group. "Disney owns the property, Tron," Bailey stated. "Do you know it? Are you interested? What would your take be? In a post-Matrix world, how do you go back to the world of Tron?"[32] Kosinski wanted to embrace the general ambiance of the film, and wished to not use the internet as a model or use a formula emulative of The Matrix film series.[32] As neither individuals were in equal agreement on choosing a perspective to conceive the film, Kosinski asked Bailey to lend him money in order to create a prototype of the Tron: Legacy universe, which was eventually presented at the 2009 San Diego Comic-Con International.[32] "So, we went into Disney," he recalled, "and I told them, 'We can talk about this all day, but in order to really get on the same page, I need to show you what this world looks and feels like. Give me some money and let me do a small test that will give you a hint for a couple minutes of it, and see what you think.'"[32]

A graduate of Columbia University's architecture school, Kosinski felt that his knowledge of architecture was pivotal in conceptualizing the Tron: Legacy universe.[32] As such, the director proclaimed that his approach in producing a prototype was different from other film directors because he came "from a design point of view";[32] "Some of my favorite directors come from outside of the film business, so that made my approach different from other directors, but a design background makes sense for a movie like this because the whole world has to be made from scratch."[32]

Writing

Shortly after hiring Kosinski, Bailey approached screenwriting duo Adam Horowitz and Edward Kitsis, and accepted for being "obsessed about Tron". Horowitz later claimed the challenge was to "homage the first movie, continue the story, expand it and take it to another place and open up space for new fans", and Kitsis claimed that the film would start a whole new mythology "of which we're only scratching the surface".[33] The writing staff cited The Wizard of Oz as a source of thematic influence for Tron: Legacy in writing the script. "They both have very similar DNA, which is Tron really lives on, in a lot of ways, trying to get home. You're put on this world and you want to go home and what is home? That's in a lot of way inspired us."[34] Part of the concepts emerged from a reunion the producers had with scientists from California Institute of Technology and the Jet Propulsion Laboratory to discuss concepts such as isomorphic algorithms and the digitizing of organic matter.[33]

Horowitz revealed the film would contain many light cycles battles, and asserted that the script for the scenes were "incredibly detailed", and involved an intricate collaborative process.[35] For the disc game, Horowitz and Kitsis wrote a rough draft of the scene, and sent the script to Kosinski; he summarized his perspective of the sequence's visuals to them.[35] "He described them as these underlying platforms," said Horowitz, "that would then coalesce and then the way you would go from round to round in the game is you defeat someone, they kinda come together as you see in the movie."[35] After giving his intake, Kosinski sent various sketches of the scene to the writers and would often revise the script. Kitsis thought that illustrating the character's stories to be the most difficult task in writing Tron: Legacy.[35]

Production

Development

Original sequel logo, from the test footage premiered at Comic-Con 2008

At the 2008 San Diego Comic-Con, a preliminary teaser trailer (labeled as TR2N and directed by Joseph Kosinski) was shown as a surprise to convention guests. It depicted a yellow Program engaged in a light cycle battle with a blue Program, and it prominently featured Jeff Bridges reprising his role as an aged Kevin Flynn (from the first film). At the end of the trailer, the yellow Program showed his face, which appeared identical to Flynn's earlier program Clu (resembling the younger Flynn in Tron).

While the trailer did not confirm that a Tron sequel was in production, it showed that Disney was serious about a sequel. In an interview with Sci-Fi Wire, Bridges revealed that the test footage was not likely to appear in the finished movie.[36] On July 23, 2009, Disney revealed film's title at their panel at Comic-Con. Jeff Bridges explains that the title is in reference to the story's theme: "It's basically a story about a son's search for his father." They also showed a trailer similar to the one shown at Comic-Con 2008, with updated visuals. At the time, the film had just wrapped production and they had a year of post production ahead of them. Because none of the footage from inside the computer world was finished, they premiered concept images from the production. Art included the recognizer, which has been updated from the original film. Concept photos were also shown of Disc Wars, which has also been revised from the original film into a 16-game tournament. The arena is set up so that the game court organically changes, and all 16 games are going on at the same time. The boards also combine in real time until the last two Disc warriors are connected.

Light cycles make a return,[37][38] with new designs by Daniel Simon.[39] According to the press conference at Comic-Con 2009, a new vehicle appears called a "Light Runner," a two-seat version of the light cycle. It is said to be very fast, and has the unique ability to go off The Grid on its own power. We also get a glimpse at Kevin Flynn's own cycle, a "Second Generation Light Cycle" designed in 1989 by Flynn and is "still the fastest thing on The Grid." It incorporates some of the look of both films.[40]

File:TRON Legacy Light Cycle.JPG
Light cycle model on display at Fan Expo 2009 Disney booth

A life-size model of the light cycle was put on display at a booth at Fan Expo 2009 in Toronto, Ontario from August 28–30, 2009, along with a special presentation of material from the production. The conceptual art shown at Comic-Con was shown in the session, along with some test film of the martial artists who play a more athletic style of Disc Wars. A segment from the movie showed Flynn's son entering the now-decrepit arcade, playing a Tron stand-up arcade video game, noticing a passage in the wall behind the Tron game and entering it, the passage closing behind him. Flynn's son makes the visit to the arcade after Alan Bradley receives a page from the disconnected phone number of the arcade. The footage was used later as part of the trailer released on March 5, 2010.

The character of Yori and her user, Dr. Lora Baines, do not appear in the sequel, even though the film refers to Alan Bradley being married to Lora. Fans have been lobbied for actress Cindy Morgan to be in the movie with active campaigns online, such as "Yori Lives" on Facebook, which is independent of Morgan herself. "All I know is what I'm seeing online," Morgan said. "I am so thrilled and touched and excited about the fan reaction and about people talking about the first one and how it relates to the second one. I can't tell you how warm a feeling I get from that. It just means so much." No one from Tron: Legacy had contacted Morgan, and she did not directly speak with anyone from the sequel's cast and crew.[41] As Dr. Lora Baines, Cindy Morgan had appeared with Bruce Boxleitner (as Alan Bradley) at the Encom Press Conference in San Francisco, April 2, 2010.

Filming

Filming began in Vancouver, British Columbia in April 2009.[42] Stage shooting for the film took place at the Canadian Motion Picture Park studio in south Burnaby. The film was shot in dual camera 3D using Pace Fusion rigs like James Cameron's Avatar, but unlike the Sony F950 cameras on that film, Tron used the F35s. "The benefit of [the F35s]," according to director Kosinski, "is that it has a full 35mm sensor which gives you that beautiful cinematic shallow depth of field."[43] Most of the film was filmed in 3D, as was the teaser. The film's beginning portions were shot in 2D.[44] 40 minutes of the film were vertically enhanced for IMAX.[45] Digital Domain was contracted to work on the visual effects.[46]

Tron: Legacy was wholly shot in 3D; filmmakers utilized cameras specifically designed for it, and employed a 3D technique that combined other special effects techniques.[47] Scenes that were not shot in 3D were eventually altered using the element. Bailey stated that it was a challenge shooting Tron: Legacy in 3D because the cameras were bigger and heavier, and variations needed to be taken account to.[47] Despite these concerns, he opined that it was a "great reason to go to the movies because it's an experience you just can't recreate on an iPhone or a laptop".[47] In some sequences the image shows a fine mesh pattern and some blurring. That is not interference or a production fault, but indicates that that sequence is a flashback and to simulate an older form of video representation technology. Stunt work on the film was designed and coordinated by 87eleven, who also also designed and trained fight sequences for 300 and Watchmen.[12] Olivia Wilde described it as an honor to train with them.[15]

Design

In defining his method for creating Tron: Legacy, Kosinski declared that his main objective was to "make it feel real", adding that he wanted the audience to feel like filming actually occurred in the fictional universe.[47] For this, many physical sets were built, as Kosinski "wanted the materials to be real materials: glass, concrete, steel, so it had this kind of visceral quality."[48] Kosinki collaborated with people who specialized in fields outside of the film industry, such as architecture and automotive design.[47] The looks for the Grid aimed for a more advanced version of the cyberspace visited by Flynn in Tron, which Lisberger described as "a virtual Galapagos, which has evolved on its own". As Bailey put, the Grid would not have any influence from the internet as it had turned offline from the real world in the 1980s, and "grew on its own server into something powerful and unique". Kosinski added that as the simulation became more realistic, it would try to become closer to the real world with environmental effects such as rain and wind, and production designer Darren Gilford stated that there would be a juxtaposition between the variety of texture and color of the real world introduction in contrast with the "clean surfaces and lines" of the Grid. As the design team considered the lights a major part of the Tron look, particularly for being set in a dark world—described by effects art director Ben Procter as "dark silhouetted objects dipped in an atmosphere with clouds in-between, in a kind of Japanese landscape painting" where "the self-lighting of the objects is the main light source"—lighting was spread through every prop on the set, including the floor in Flynn's hideout.[48]

The skintight suits worn by the actors was reminiscent of the outfits worn by the actors in the original film.[49] Kosinski believed that the costumes could be made to be practical, instead of using computer-generated imagery to alter it. Christine Bieselin Clark worked with Michael Wilkinson in designing the lighted costumes, which used electroluminescent lamps derived from a flexible polymer film.[47] While most of the suits were made out of foam latex, others derived from spandex, which was sprayed with balloon rubber, ultimately giving the illusion of a lean shape. The actors and actresses had to be compressed to compromise for the bulk of the electronics.[47] In addition, Clark and Wilkinson designed over 140 background costumes. The two sought influence from various fashion and shoe designers in building the costumes.[47] On the back of the suit was an illuminated disc, which consisted of 134 LED lights. It was attached to the suit via a magnet, and was radio-controlled.[47] All the costumes had to be sewn in a way the stitches did not appear, as the design team figured that in a virtual environment the clothes would just materialize, with no need for buttons, zippers or enclosures.[48]

Music

Main article: Tron: Legacy (soundtrack)
Daft Punk's composition of the film was critically lauded.

The French electronic group Daft Punk composed the film score of Tron: Legacy,[50] which features over 24 tracks.[51] The score was arranged and orchestrated by Joseph Trapanese.[52] Jason Bentley served as the film's music supervisor.[53]

An electronic music fan, Kosinski stated that to replicate the innovative electronic Tron score by Wendy Carlos "rather than going with a traditional film composer, I wanted to try something fresh and different", adding that "there was a lot of interest from different electronic bands that I follow to work on the film" but he eventually picked Daft Punk.[54] The duo were first contacted by producers in 2007, when Tron: Legacy was still in the early stages of production.[55] Since they were touring at the time, producers were unsuccessful in contacting the group. They were again approached by Kosinski, eventually agreeing to take part in the film a year later.[55] Kosinski added that Daft Punk were huge Tron fans, and that his meeting with them "was almost like they were interviewing me to make sure that I was going to hold up to the Tron legacy". The soundtrack started being composed before production even begun,[54] and is a notable departure from the band's previous works, as Daft Punk puts more emphasis on orchestral elements rather than relying solely on synthesizers.[56] "Synths are a very low level of artificial intelligence," explained member Guy Manuel de Homem-Christo, "whereas you have a stradivarius that will live for a thousand years. We knew from the start that there was no way that we were going to do this film score with two synthesizers and a drum machine."[56] "Derezzed" was taken from the album and released as its sole single.[57] The album was released on December 3, 2010, and sold 71,000 copies in its first week in the United States.[58] Peaking at number six on the Billboard 200,[58] it eventually acquired a gold certification by the Recording Industry Association of America, denoting shipments of 500,000 copies.[59] A remix album for the soundtrack, titled Tron: Legacy Reconfigured, became available on April 5, 2011.[60]

Sound and visual effects

The likeness of a 35-year-old Bridges was taken from the 1984 film Against All Odds, rather than the original Tron.[61]

Crowd effects for the gaming arena were recorded at the 2010 San Diego Comic-Con International. During one of the Tron: Legacy panels, the crowd was given instruction via a large video screen while techs from Skywalker Sound recorded the performance. The audience performed chants and stomping effects similar to what is heard in modern sports arenas.[62]

It took two years and ten companies to create the 1,565 visual effects shots of Tron: Legacy. The majority of the effects were done by Digital Domain, who created 882 shots under supervisor Eric Barba.[63][64] The production team blended several special effect techniques, such as chroma keying, to allow more freedom in creating effects. Similar to Tron, this approach was seen as pushing the boundaries of modern technology.[47] "I was going more on instinct rather than experience," Kosinski remarked.[47] Although he had previously used the technology in producing advertisements, this was the first time Kosinski used it a large scale simultaneously.[47] Darren Gilford was approached as the production designer, while David Levy was hired as a concept artist. Levy translated Kosinski's ideas into drawings and other visual designs. "Joe's vision evolved the visuals of the first film," he stated. "He wanted the Grid to feel like reality, but with a twist."[47] An estimated twenty to twenty-five artists from the art department developed concepts of the Tron: Legacy universe, which varied from real world locations to fully digital sets. Gilford suggested that there were between sixty to seventy settings in the film, split up into fifteen fully constructed sets with different levels of computer-created landscapes.[47]

Rather than utilizing makeup tactics, such as the ones used in A Beautiful Mind, to give Jeff Bridges a younger appearance, the charatcer of Clu was completely computer generated. To show that this version of Clu was created some time after the events of the original film, the visual effects artists based his appearance on how Bridges looked in Against All Odds, released two years after Tron.[65] The effects team hired makeup artist Rick Baker to construct a molded likeness of a younger Bridges head to serve as their basis for their CG work. But soon, they scrapped the mould because they wished for it to be more youthful. There was no time to make another mould, so the team reconstructed it digitally.[66] On-set, first Bridges would perform, being then followed by stunt double John Reardon, who would mimic Jeff's actions. Reardon's head was replaced on post-production with the digital version of the young Bridges.[67] Barba – who was involved in a similar experience for The Curious Case of Benjamin Button — stated that they used four microcameras with infrared sensors to capture all 134 dots on Bridges face that would be the basis of the facial movements, a similar process that was used in Avatar.[61] It took over two years to not only create the likeness of Clu, but also the character's movements (such as muscle movement). Bridges called the experience surreal and said it was "Just like the first Tron, but for real!"[68]

Marketing

On July 21, 2009, several movie-related websites posted they had received via mail a pair of "Flynn's Arcade" tokens along with a flash drive. Its content was an animated GIF that showed CSS code lines. Four of them were put together and part of the code was cracked, revealing the URL to Flynnlives.com,[69] a fictitious site maintained by activists who believe Kevin Flynn is alive, even though he has been missing since 1989. Clicking on a tiny spider in the lower section of the main page led to a countdown clock that hit zero on July 23, 2009, 9:30 pm PDT. Within the Terms of Use Section, an address was found. It lies in San Diego, California, USA near the city's convention center where the Comic-Con 2009 took place and some footage and information on the sequel was released. Flynn's Arcade was re-opened at that location, with several Space Paranoids arcade machines and a variety of '80s video games. A full-size light cycle from the new movie was on display.[70]

A ninth viral site, homeoftron.com, was found. It portrays some of the history of Flynn's Arcade as well as a fan memoir section.[71] On December 19, 2009 a new poster was revealed, along with the second still from the movie.[72] Banners promoting the film paved the way to the 2010 Comic-Con convention center, making this a record third appearance for the film at the annual event.[73]

Disney also partnered with Coke Zero to promote Tron: Legacy.[74]

Theme parks and attractions

Tron themed monorail passing through Epcot at the Walt Disney World Resort.

At the Walt Disney World Resort in Florida, one monorail train was decorated with special artwork depicting lightcycles with trailing beams of light, along with the film's logo. This Tron themed monorail (previously designated monorail 'Coral'),was renamed the "Tronorail". It was unveiled in March 2010.[75]

At the Disneyland Resort in California, a nighttime dance party named "ElecTRONica" premiered on October 8, 2010 and was set to close in May 2011, but it was extended until April 2012, in Hollywood Pictures Backlot at Disney California Adventure Park.[76][77] Winners of America's Best Dance Crew, Poreotics, perform at ElecTRONica. As part of ElecTRONica, a sneak peek with scenes from the film is shown in 3D with additional in-theater effects in the Muppet*Vision 3D theater.

On October 29, 2010, the nighttime show World of Color at Disney California Adventure Park began soft-openings after its second show of a Tron: Legacy themed encore using a Daft Punk music piece titled "The Game Has Changed" from the movie soundtrack, using new effects and projections on Paradise Pier attractions. The encore officially premiered on November 1, 2010.[78]

On December 12, 2010 the show Extreme Makeover Home Edition as part of a house rebuild constructed a Tron: Legacy themed bedroom for one of the occupants' young boys. The black painted room not only consisted of life sized Tron city graphics but glowing blue line graphics on the walls, floor and furniture, a desk with glowing red lit Recognizers for the legs and a Tron suit inspired desk chair, a Lightcycle shaped chair with blue lighting accents, projection mural system that projects Tron imagery on a glass wall partition, laptop computer, flat panel television, several Tron Legacy action figures, a daybed in black and shimmering dark blue and blue overhead lit panels.[79]

Disney was involved with the Ice Hotel in Jukkasjärvi, Sweden through association with designers Ian Douglas-Jones at I-N-D-J and Ben Rousseau to create "The Legacy of the River", a high-tech suite inspired by Tron: Legacy. The suite uses electroluminescent wire to capture the art style of the film. It consists of over 60 square meters of 100mm thick ice equating to approximately six tons. 160 linear meters of electroluminescent wire were routed out, sandwiched and then glued with powdered snow and water to create complex geometric forms. The Ice Hotel is expected to get 60,000 visitors for the season which lasts December 2010 through April 2011.[80]

On November 19, 2010, the Tron: Legacy Pop Up Shop opened at Royal-T Cafe and Art Space in Culver City, California. The shop featured many of the collaborative products created as tie ins with the movie from brands such as Oakley, Hurley and Adidas. The space was decorated in theme and the adjacent cafe had a tie in menu with Tron inspired dishes. The shop remained open until December 23, 2010.[81]

Merchandising

Electronics and toy lines inspired by the movie were released during Fall 2010.[82]

A tie-in video game, entitled Tron: Evolution, was released on November 25, 2010.[83] The story sits between the original Tron film and Tron: Legacy. Teaser trailers were released in November 2009, while a longer trailer was shown during the Spike Video Game Awards on December 12, 2009. IGN reviewed the PlayStation 3 version of the game but gave it only a "passable" 6 out of 10.[84] There were also two games released for the iOS devices (iPhone, iPod, and iPad) as a tie-in to the movie: Tron and Tron: Legacy.[85] Disney commissioned N-Space to develop a series of multiplayer games based on Tron: Legacy for the Wii console.[86] Propaganda Games developed the movie tie in game Tron: Evolution for the PlayStation 3, Xbox 360 and PC.[86] Custom Tron branded gaming controllers have been released for Xbox 360, PlayStation 3 and Wii. IGN reviewed the controllers giving them a "great" score of 8.5 out of 10.[87]

A tie-in 128-page graphic novel Tron: Betrayal was released by Disney Press on November 16, 2010.[88] It includes an 11 page retelling of the original Tron story in addition to a story fitting between the original film and Tron: Legacy. IGN reviewed the comic and gave it a "passable" score of 6.5 out of 10.[89]

Screenings and release

On October 28, 2010, a 23-minute preview of the movie was screened on many IMAX theaters all over the world, (presented by ASUS). The tickets for this event were sold out within an hour on October 8. Stand-by tickets for the event were also sold shortly before the presentation started. Original merchandise from the movie was also available for sale.[90]

Announced through the official Tron Facebook page, the red carpet premiere of the film was broadcast live on the internet.[91] Tron Legacy was released in theaters on December 17, 2010, in the United States and United Kingdom. The film was originally set to be released in the UK on December 26, 2010, but was brought forward due to high demand. According to the latest trailer, the film will be presented in IMAX 3D and Disney Digital 3D. The film will also be released with D-BOX motion code in select theaters and released in 50 Iosono-enhanced cinemas, creating "3D sound".[92]

On December 10, 2010, in Toronto, Canada, a special premiere was hosted by George Strombolopolous organized through Twitter, open to the first 100 people who showed up at the CN Tower. After the movie ended the tower was lit up blue to mirror The Grid.[93]

On December 13, 2010, in select cities all over the United States, a free screening of the entire film in 3D was available to individuals on a first come, first serve basis. Free "Flynn Lives" pins were handed out to the attendees. The announcement of the free screenings was made on the official Flynn Lives Facebook page.[94]

On January 21, 2011, the German designer Michael Michalsky hosted the German premiere of the movie at his cultural event StyleNite during Berlin Fashion Week.[95]

Themes

Wilde's character Quorra was modeled after Joan of Arc.

Tron: Legacy is imbued with several references to religious themes, particularly those relating to Christianity and Buddhism. Olivia Wilde's character, Quorra, was inspired by the historical Catholic figure Joan of Arc.[96] Wilde sought inspiration from her six months before production of the film commenced. She, alongside with Kosinski, collaborated with the writers on editing the characters so she would contain the characteristics of Joan of Arc.[96] Wilde assessed the characteristics of the figure: "She's this unlikely warrior, very strong but compassionate, and completely led by selflessness. Also, she thinks she's in touch with some higher power and has one foot in another world. All of these were elements of Quorra."[96] Since she epitomizes the concept of androgyny, producers conceived Quorra from an androgynous perspective, notably giving her a short haircut.[96]

Bridges opined that Tron: Legacy was evocative of a modern myth, adding that ideas alluding to technological advancement were prevalent throughout the film. To Cyriaque Lamar of io9, the film's approach to technology was reminiscent of a koan.[96] "Once of the things that brought me to this film," affirmed Bridges, "was the idea of helping to create a modern-day myth to help us navigate through these technological waters [...]. I dig imminent gratification as much as anybody, but it happens so fast that if you make a decision like that, you can go far down the wrong path. Think about those plastic single-use water bottles. Where did that come from? Who decided that? You can have a couple of swigs of water [...] and those bottles don't disintegrate entirely. Microscopic animals eat the plastic, and the fish eat those, and we're all connected. It's a finite situation here."[96]

Reception

Critical response

The film generated mixed responses from film critics. Review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes reported that 50% of commentators gave the film a positive review, based on 221 reviews. Attaining a mean score of 5.9/10, the site's consensus stated: "Tron: Legacy boasts dazzling visuals, but its human characters and story get lost amidst its state-of-the-art production design.[97] At Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating out of 100 based on reviews from mainstream critics, Tron: Legacy received a rating average of 49, based on 40 reviews.[98] Comparing it to Avatar, Liam Lacey of The Globe and Mail wrote that the film "looks like an exercise in advanced motorcycle detailing, and it just doesn’t offer an audience nearly as many connection points."[99] In his D+ review, The A.V. Club writer Scott Tobias opined that Tron: Legacy was merely a homage to Tron, rather than a standalone sequel. "It tries to create a mythology around 'The Grid' that's similar to that of The Matrix, but goes about it like the worst parts of Reloaded and Revolutions—explaining everything, clarifying nothing. Disney has once again constructed a digital environment out of cutting-edge special effects, only this time, it isn’t merely silly; it’s as dry and talky as a PBS panel show."[100]

Tron: Legacy, a sequel made 28 years after the original but with the same actor, is true to the first film: It also can't be understood, but looks great. Both films, made so many years apart, can fairly lay claim to being state of the art.

Roger Ebert[101]

The visual effects were cited as the central highlight of the film. In his three star review, Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times felt that the environment was aesthetically pleasing, and added that its score displayed an "electronic force" that complemented the visuals.[101] Rolling Stone columnist Peter Travers echoed synonymous sentiments, concluding that the effects were of an "award-caliber".[102] J. Hoberman of Village Voice noted that while it was extensively enhanced, Tron: Legacy retained the streamline visuals that were seen in its predecessor,[103] while Variety's Peter DeBarge affirmed that the visuals and the accompanied "cutting-edge" score made for a "stunning virtual ride".[104] To Nick de Semlyen of Empire, "This is a movie of astonishing high-end gloss, fused to a pounding Daft Punk soundtrack, populated with sleek sirens and chiselled hunks, boasting electroluminescent landscapes to make Blu-ray players weep."[105] Some critics were not akin to the film's special effects as the general consensus. Manohla Dargis of The New York Times avouched that despite its occassional notability, the film's "vibrating kaleidoscopic colors that gave the first movie its visual punch have been replaced by a monotonous palette of glassy black and blue and sunbursts of orange and yellow".[106] While declaring that Tron: Legacy was "eye-popping", San Francisco Chronicle's Amy Biancolli asserted that the special effects were "spectacular"—albeit cheesy.[107] A columnist for The Wall Street Journal, Joe Morgenstern denounced the producers' emphasis on technological advancements, which he felt could have been used for others means such as drama.[108]

Critics were divided with the character development and the storylines in Tron: Legacy. Writing for The New Yorker, Bruce Jones commented that the audience didn't connect with the characters, as they were lacking emotion and substance. "Disney may be looking for a merchandising bonanza with this long-gestating sequel to the groundbreaking 1982 film," remarked Jones, "but someone in the corporate offices forgot to add any human interest to its action-heavy script."[109] Likewise, USA Today journalist Claudia Puig found Tron: Legacy to resonate with "nonsensical" and "unimaginative, even obfuscating" dialogue. "Most of the story just doesn't scan," professed the USA Today writer.[110] As Dana Stevens from Slate summed up, "Tron: Legacy is the kind of sensory-onslaught blockbuster that tends to put me to sleep, the way babies will nap to block out overwhelming stimuli. I confess I may have snoozed through one or two climactic battles only to be startled awake by an incoming neon Frisbee."[111] Although he proclaimed the plot of Tron: Legacy to be spotty—much like its prequel—Ian Buckwater of NPR was lenient of the film due to its youth-friendly nature.[112]

The performances of various cast members was frequently mentioned in the critiques. Michael Sheen's portrayal of Castor was particularly acclaimed by commentators, who—because of his flamboyance—drew parallels to the English singer-songwriter David Bowie.[104][110][113][114] Dargis, Debruge, Puig, and Carrie Rickey of Philadelphia Inquirer were among the journalists who issued favorable assessments of his acting:[104][110][113] the first aforementioned ascribed Sheen's exceptional performance to a seemingly "uninteresting" cast.[106] To Philadelphia Daily News film critic Gary Thompson, the film became humorous with the scenes involving Castor.[115] With other cast members—particularly Garrett Hedlund, Olivia Wilde, and Jeff Bridges—commentary reflected diverse attitudes. The Boston Globe's Wesley Morris called Hedlund a "dud stud";[114] "None of what he sees impresses," he elaborated. "The feeling is mutual. At an alleged cost of $200 million, that’s some yawn. If he can’t be thrilled, why should we?"[114]

Michelle Alexander of Eclipse magazine gave a positive review, stating that she "loved the [film's] story";[116] Kurt Loder of Reason magazine praises the slick work of director Kosinski and credits his undergraduate architectural studies which bring a monumental quality to the (IMAX) film. Impressed by the original vision he sees echoes of Fritz Lang's Metropolis and elements of Kubrick, noting that Castor's night club is "pure Milk bar". He praises the film for being realized at a high level and "about as brainy as this kind of genre fun gets".[117] Rossiter Drake of 7x7 writes that Tron: Legacy is "Buoyed by its story, sometimes convoluted but hard to resist".[118] Pete Hammond of Box Office magazine also praised the story, noting that "Tron Legacy doesn't let Sam wander through this CGI enhanced universe without some sort of emotional payoff" and "Legacy's great story and acting are matched by great effects".[119] Kyle Smith of the New York Post calls the film an "eyeball party" in praise of the visuals. The score by Daft Punk he says "surpasses magnificence" containing the qualities of the thundering work by Hans Zimmer on The Dark Knight and also of retro-’80s synthesizer music. Smith complains about the writing, calling it "buggy storytelling" and describing the one liners as "idiot speak", but ultimately he gave the film a score of 3 out of 4.[120]

Box-office performance

The film has grossed $172,062,763 in the United States and Canada, as of April 14, 2011, and $228,000,000 in other countries, as of May 1, 2011, for a worldwide total of $400,062,763.[4] On its opening weekend, it earned $44,026,211 worldwide, and was a box office success, selling more tickets than its predecessor (an achievement few sequels of 2010 succeeded in accomplishing)[121] and was Disney's fourth film in 2010 to reach $400 million worldwide. It stayed in theaters until April 14, 2011.[122]

North America

Based on pre-release audience surveys Tron Legacy was expected to take in $50 million at the box office on its opening weekend.[123] It topped the box office with $17,509,781 on its first day and $44,026,211 throughout the weekend, far ahead of the other two new releases, Yogi Bear ($16.4 million) and How Do You Know ($7.5 million). It marked the 12th highest-grossing movie of 2010 and the largest one of December 2010. It is also the second largest Virtual Reality and Sci-Fi Chase movie and the third largest Man vs. Machine movie in the USA and Canada.[124]

Other countries

It debuted fourth overseas, earning $20.3 million and ranking behind Voyage of the Dawn Treader, Let the Bullets Fly and Deathly Hallows: Part 1.[125] However, on its fifth weekend —Martin-Luther-King weekend—, with $17.2 million and few competition, it reached the number one spot overseas with Tangled about $2 million below in second place.[126]

In Japan, its highest-grossing market after the USA and Canada, it debuted with $4,342,766 (including weekday previews), placing second for the weekend, and ended its box-office run with $25,155,442. In Russia and CIS, it began with $6,114,112 at number one and reached a total of $21,316,483. In China, it had an impressive opening of $10,624,412 but it quickly faded out for a final gross of $18,889,822. In the UK, Ireland and Malta, it had a $3,062,649 opening at the top spot of the box office and ended with $16,221,225. Other $10-million-plus territories were Germany ($14,756,510), Australia ($14,505,106), Mexico ($14,298,825) and France and the Maghreb region ($11,549,298).[127]

Home media

Tron: Legacy was released by Walt Disney Studios Home Entertainment on Blu-ray Disc, DVD, and digital download in North America on April 5, 2011.[128][129] A five-disc box set entitled The Ultimate Tron Experience contains the Blu-ray 3D, Blu-ray, DVD, and digital copy of Tron: Legacy, as well as Tron: The Original Classic in collectible packaging. A separate five-disc box set referred to as the Tron: 2-Movie Collection contains the same elements, except it does not include collectible packaging.[130] A four-disc box set is also produced with the Blu-ray 3D. The film is also packaged as a two-disc DVD and Blu-ray combo pack, as well as a single-disc DVD version. Tron: Legacy will be released as a digital download in high definition or standard definition, including versions with or without the digital extras.[129]

A preview of the 10-part animated series Tron: Uprising is included in all versions of the home media release. Tron: Legacy will be the second Walt Disney Studios Home Entertainment release that includes Disney Second Screen, a feature accessible via a computer or iPad app download that provides additional content as the user views the film.[131]

40 minutes of the film were, although shot in 2.35:1, vertically enhanced for IMAX.[45] These scenes are presented in 1.78:1 in a similar way to the Blu-ray release of The Dark Knight.[132]

Awards and nominations

Tron: Legacy received an award for "Best Original Score" from the Austin Film Critics Association.[133] The film was also nominated for "Excellence in Production Design for a Fantasy Film" by the Art Directors Guild,[134] and for "Sound Editing" by The Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences.[135]

Award Date Recipient Category Result
83rd Academy Awards[135] February 27, 2011 Gwendolyn Yates Whittle and Addison Teague Best Sound Editing Nominated
Art Directors Guild[134] February 5, 2011 Darren Gilford Excellence in Production Design for a Fantasy Film Nominated
Austin Film Critics Association[133] December 22, 2010 Daft Punk Best Original Score Won
Costume Designers Guild[136] February 22, 2011 Michael Wilkinson and Christine Bieselin Clark Excellence in Fantasy Film Nominated
Las Vegas Film Critics Society[137] December 16, 2010 Daft Punk Best Original Score Nominated
Best Visual Effects Nominated
MTV Movie Awards[138] June 5, 2011 Olivia Wilde Best Breakout Star Nominated
37th Saturn Awards[139] June 23, 2011 Best Science Fiction Film Nominated
Jeff Bridges Best Actor Won
Garrett Hedlund Best Supporting Actor Nominated
Daft Punk Best Music Nominated
Michael Wilkinson Best Costume Nominated
Darren Gilford Best Production Design Won
Eric Barba, Steve Preeg, Karl Denham, Nikos Kalaitzidis Best Special Effects Nominated

Sequel and spin-offs

Sequel

Steven Lisberger stated on October 28, 2010, before the film's release, that a sequel was in planning and that Adam Horowitz and Eddy Kitsis, screenwriters for Tron: Legacy, were in the early stages of producing a script for the new film.[140][141] Perry Nemiroff of Cinemblend speculated that Tron 3 could be the first installment in a new trilogy.[142] On January 13, 2011, Ain't It Cool News reported that the film was close to having its sequel announced as part of Disney's plan for Tron's future.[143]

On January 21, 2011, Tron-Sector reported an unsourced rumor that a sequel to Tron: Legacy has been green-lit and a teaser trailer will debut on the DVD and Blu-ray Disc release of Tron and Tron: Legacy.[144] Harry Knowles reported on the teaser calling it a "DVD Extra" and noting it had been filmed before Thanksgiving (i.e. before November 2010).[145]

On April 8, 2011, director Joseph Kosinski talked about the sequel, saying "we’re working on the story right now. Once we get a script we’re all really happy with, we’ll take it to the powers that be and see if we can go back to the grid. I think we will pick up with where Tron: Legacy left off with Quorra in the real world and what does that mean and the possibilities it opens up for the next chapter. It’s that relationship between the two of them that’s the next step.”[146]

On June 7, 2011, it was reported that screenwriter David DiGilio (Eight Below) has been hired to draft a script for the sequel to Tron: Legacy. Legacy screenwriters Adam Horowitz and Edward Kitsis were initially slated to return but were forced to drop out due to their ongoing work in developing the ABC television series Once Upon a Time. It is currently unspecified whether or not Legacy director Joseph Kosinski will return to direct the sequel.[147]

On March 8, 2012, Bruce Boxleitner suggested that a sequel to Tron: Legacy could begin filming as early as 2014, after Legacy director Joseph Kosinski finishes his current film project, Oblivion.[148]

Television

A spin-off animated series called Tron: Uprising is under way and will premiere sometime in 2012 on the Disney XD network across the United States.[149][150][151] Tron: Legacy's writers Adam Horowitz and Eddie Kitsis have revealed that the ten-part miniseries will aim to tell the story of what happened in the Grid between films. Actors lined up as voices for the animation include Bruce Boxleitner, Elijah Wood, Emmanuelle Chriqui, Mandy Moore, Paul Reubens, Nate Corddry and Lance Henriksen.[150][152]

Manga

A manga version of Tron: Legacy was released by Earth Star Entertainment in Japan on June 30, 2011.[153]

See also

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