Third-party and independent candidates for the 2024 United States presidential election

Third-party and independent candidates for the 2024 United States presidential election

This article lists third party and independent candidates, also jointly known as minor candidates, associated with the 2024 United States presidential election.

General election candidates

Candidates with majority ballot access

See also: Ballot access in the 2024 United States presidential election

The following general election candidates currently have ballot access to at least 270 electoral votes (EV), the minimum number required to win the electoral college. Ballot access deadlines vary from state to state.

Party	Presidential nominee	Vice presidential nominee	Campaign	States with ballot access
Libertarian	Chase Oliver Nominee for U.S. Senator from Georgia in 2022 and sales executive from Georgia	Mike ter Maat Former economist at Office of Management and Budget and police officer from Florida	Website Campaign FEC filings Additional party nominations: Libertarian Association of Massachusetts (MA) Listed as an independent in: AL	Certified for ballot (47 states, 477 electors)   Registered write-in (Four states, 61 electors)
Green	Jill Stein Nominee for U.S. President in 2012 and 2016 from Massachusetts	Butch Ware Academic from California	Website Campaign FEC filings Additional party nominations: Kentucky Party (KY) Listed as an independent in: AL, AK, ID, NE, OH, TN	Certified for ballot (37 states, 420 electors)   Registered write-in (Four states, 56 electors)   Automatic write-in (Three states, 12 electors)   On ballot, votes will not count (One state, 17 electors)   Not on ballot

Candidates with majority ballot or write-in access

The following candidates will have either ballot or write-in access to more than 270 electoral votes (EV), the minimum number required to attain the presidency.

See also: Ballot access in the 2024 United States presidential election

Party	Presidential nominee	Vice presidential nominee	Campaign	States with ballot access
Party for Socialism and Liberation	Claudia De la Cruz Activist from New York	Karina Garcia Activist from California	Website Campaign FEC filings Additional party nominations: South Carolina Workers Party (SC) Peace and Freedom Party (CA) Listed as an independent in: ID, GA, MS, UT, TN, VA	Certified for ballot (19 states, 220 electors)   Registered write-in (17 states, 200 electors)   Automatic write-in (Five states, 43 electors)   On ballot, votes will not count (One state, 16 electors)   Not on ballot
Independent	Cornel West Academic and activist from California	Melina Abdullah Academic and activist from California	Website Campaign FEC filings Additional party nominations: Aurora Party (AK) Oregon Progressive Party (OR) United Citizens Party (SC) Unity Party of Colorado (CO) Green Mountain Peace and Justice Party (VT) Nebraska Legal Marijuana NOW Party (NE) Justice For All Party (LA, ME, MN, NC, WA, WI)	Certified for ballot (15 states, 132 electors)   Registered write-in (13 states, 175 electors)   Automatic write-in (Seven states, 59 electors)   On ballot, votes will not count (One state, 16 electors)   Not on ballot
American Solidarity Party	Peter Sonski Local politician and museum director from Connecticut	Lauren Onak Teacher and non-profit executive from Massachusetts	Website Campaign June 13, 2023 FEC filings Listed as an independent in: MS, OH	Certified for ballot (Seven states, 74 electors)   Registered write-in (26 states, 330 electors)   Automatic write-in (Nine states, 70 electors)   Not on ballot
Independent	Shiva Ayyadurai Entrepreneur from Massachusetts	Crystal Ellis Entrepreneur and Activist from Nebraska	Website September 4, 2023 FEC filings	Certified for ballot (Seven states, 57 electors)   Registered write-in (18 states, 240 electors)   Automatic write-in (Eight states, 64 electors)   Not on ballot

Candidates with partial ballot access

The following general election candidates will have ballot access to fewer than 270 electoral votes, the minimum number required to attain the presidency.

See also: Ballot access in the 2024 United States presidential election

Party	Presidential nominee	Vice presidential nominee	Campaign	States with ballot access
Constitution Party	Randall Terry Activist and perennial candidate from Tennessee	Stephen Broden Pastor and political commentator from Texas	Website Campaign FEC filings Additional party nominations: Constitution Party of Oregon (OR) Listed as an independent in: ID	Certified for ballot (12 states, 133 electors)   Automatic write-in (Seven states, 48 electors)   Not on ballot   Rejected by state party (Four states, 19 electors)
Socialist Workers Party	Rachele Fruit Hotel worker and perennial candidate from Florida	Dennis Richter Activist from Minnesota	Website March 4, 2024 Listed as an independent in: TN	Certified for ballot (Six states, 58 electors)   Automatic write-in (Seven states, 53 electors)   Not on ballot
Socialist Equality Party	Joseph Kishore Writer and Socialist Equality Party National Secretary from New Jersey	Jerry White Perennial candidate and editor from New York	Website February 27, 2024 FEC filings Listed as an independent in: MI	Certified for ballot (Three states, 41 electors)   Registered write-in (Three states, 31 electors)   Automatic write-in (Eight states, 56 electors)   Not on ballot
Independent	Richard Duncan Perennial candidate from Ohio	Mitch Bupp Perennial candidate from Ohio	Website	Certified for ballot (One state, 17 electors)   Automatic write-in (Nine states, 70 electors)   Not on ballot
Constitution Party offshoots	Joel Skousen Survivalist and consultant from Utah	Rik Combs Businessman and 2020 Libertarian nominee for governor from Missouri	Website May 6, 2024	Certified for ballot (Three states, 16 electors)   Registered write-in (Two states, 23 electors)   Automatic write-in (Nine states, 70 electors)   Not on ballot
Independent	Jay Bowman Small business owner and activist from Kentucky	De Bowman Activist and brother of Jay Bowman from Utah	Website July 3, 2024 FEC filings	Certified for ballot (One state, 11 electors)   Registered write-in (Five states, 70 electors)   Automatic write-in (Nine states, 70 electors)   Not on ballot
Approval Voting Party	Blake Huber AVP nominee for President in 2020 from Colorado	Andrea Denault Activist and political consultant from North Dakota	Website March 16, 2024	Certified for ballot (One state, 10 electors)   Automatic write-in (Nine states, 70 electors)   Not on ballot
Godliness, Truth, Justice Party	Mattie Preston Evangelist from Louisiana	Shannel Conner Welder from Texas	Website January 6, 2023 FEC filings	Certified for ballot (One state, eight electors)   Automatic write-in (Nine states, 70 electors)   Not on ballot
Independent	Chris Garrity Former Army Ranger and Environmentalist from New Hampshire	Cody Ballard Former Army Ranger and Assistant State Attorney from Maryland	Website June 2, 2023 FEC filings	Certified for ballot (One state, seven electors)   Registered write-in (Six states, 75 electors)   Automatic write-in (Nine states, 70 electors)   Not on ballot
Socialist Party USA	Bill Stodden Nonprofit executive from Indiana	Stephanie Cholensky Activist from Missouri	Website November 12, 2023	Certified for ballot (One state, six electors)   Registered write-in (Two states, 13 electors)   Automatic write-in (Eight states, 64 electors)   Not on ballot
Prohibition Party	Michael Wood Businessman and Prohibition National Committee member from California	John Pietrowski Prohibition National Committee member from Ohio	Website July 5, 2023 FEC filings	Certified for ballot (One state, six electors)   Automatic write-in (Nine states, 70 electors)   Not on ballot
Independent	Lucifer "Justin Case" Everylove Activist from New Hampshire	TBA	Website	Certified for ballot (One state, six electors)   Automatic write-in (Nine states, 70 electors)   Not on ballot
Liberal Party USA	Laura Ebke Former State Legislator from Nebraska	Trisha Butler Chair of the Liberal Party USA and former Clarksville city councilor from Tennessee		Certified for ballot (One state, five electors)   Automatic write-in (Nine states, 70 electors)   Not on ballot   Rejected by state party (One state, 11 electors)
Party Party	Robby Wells Former college football coach from Georgia	Tony Jones Entrepreneur and college professor from Rhode Island	Website FEC filings	Certified for ballot (One state, four electors)   Registered write-in (One states, 12 electors)   Automatic write-in (Eight states, 66 electors)   Not on ballot
Pirate Party	Vermin Supreme Performance artist and perennial candidate from Massachusetts	Jonathan Realz Actor and writer from Alabama	Website August 8, 2024 FEC filings Additional Party Nominations: Conservative Party of Delaware (DE)	Certified for ballot (One state, three electors)   Automatic write-in (Nine states, 70 electors)   Not on ballot

Withdrawn candidates with ballot access

Party	Presidential nominee	Vice presidential nominee	Campaign	Withdrew	States with ballot access
Independent	Robert F. Kennedy Jr. Attorney and activist from California	Nicole Shanahan Attorney and technologist from California	Website Campaign FEC filings Additional party nominations: We the People Party (IA, IN, LA, MN, OR, VT, WA, WI) American Independent Party (CA) Natural Law Party of Michigan (MI) Independent Party of Delaware (DE) Team Kennedy Party (RI)	August 23, 2024 (endorsed Trump) Withdrawn party nominations: We the People Party (HI, MA, NC, PA) Alliance Party (SC) Reform Party (FL)	Certified for ballot (31 states, 283 electors)   Automatic write-in (Three states, 26 electors)   Not on ballot   Removed name from ballot (19 states, 227 electors)

Candidates without ballot access

Parties and candidates in this section have not attained ballot access in any states, yet are running as declared write-ins in various states.

• Transhumanist Party: Tom Ross, technology and political activist;
  • Daniel Twedt, Vice-presidential nominee, nonprofit executive and perennial candidate.

Notable independents:

• Johnny Buss, co-owner of the Los Angeles Lakers
• Joseph "Afroman" Foreman, rapper
• Emanuel Pastreich, academic, think tank president

Nominating processes

Yard signs in Southington, Connecticut promoting third-party 2024 candidates.

Schedule

Third-party nomination schedule

Date	Party nomination event
May 9, 2023	Prohibition Party presidential nominating convention
June 1, 2023	American Solidarity Party online primary
April 6, 2024	Unity Party of America nominating convention
April 13, 2024	Unity Party of Colorado nominating convention
April 17, 2024	Natural Law Party nominating convention
April 27, 2024	Constitution Party nominating convention
May 23, 2024	Reform National Convention
May 25, 2024	Constitution Party of Oregon nominating Convention
May 26, 2024	Libertarian National Convention
May 30, 2024	Approval Voting Party nominating convention
June 1, 2024	Pirate National Convention
June 23, 2024	Green Party of Alaska Nominating Meeting
August 3, 2024	Constitution Party of Idaho Nominating Convention
August 3, 2024	Peace and Freedom Party state central committee meeting
August 15, 2024	Green National Convention

Libertarian Party

Main article: 2024 Libertarian Party presidential primaries

The Libertarian Party participated in multiple non-binding preference primaries in this election cycle. The party's presidential and vice presidential nominees were chosen directly by delegates at the 2024 Libertarian National Convention, held on Memorial Day weekend from May 24 to 26, 2024, in Washington, D.C.

Prior to the LP 2024 National Convention, 38 candidates filed with the Federal Election Commission to run for the Libertarian Party presidential nomination in 2024.

Nominee

2024 Libertarian Party nominee

Name		Born	Experience	Home state	Campaign Announcement date	Contests won	Popular vote	Running mate	Ref.
Chase Oliver		August 16, 1985 (age 39) Nashville, Tennessee	Nominee for U.S. Senator from Georgia in 2022 Candidate for GA-05 in 2020 Chair of the Atlanta Libertarian Party (2016–2017)	Georgia	Campaign Website April 5, 2023 FEC filing	6 (IA, IN, AZ, OK, CT, NE)	3,498 (8.6%)	Mike ter Maat

Eliminated at convention

This section includes candidates who filed paperwork with the Federal Election Commission with intent to run under the Libertarian Party and who met one or more of the following criteria: a) meet Wikipedia's notability guidelines; b) participated in at least three Libertarian Party-sponsored debates; or c) received non-trivial media coverage as a candidate in this election cycle.

Eliminated in convention balloting

Candidate		Born	Experience	Home state	Campaign announced Announcement date	Campaign suspended Suspension date	Contests won	Popular vote	Ref.
No preference/ None of the above/ Uncommitted		N/A				May 26, 2024 (eliminated in seventh balloting)	2 (NC, MA)	6,384 (15.7%)
Michael Rectenwald		January 29, 1959 (age 65) Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania	Author and Scholar Former New York University professor (2008–2019)	Pennsylvania	August 28, 2023 FEC filing	May 26, 2024 (eliminated in sixth balloting)	2 (MS, AL)	943 (2.3%)
Mike ter Maat		June 20, 1961 (age 63) Portland, Oregon	Economist Former Hallandale Beach, Florida police officer Nominee for FL-20 in 2022	Virginia	April 18, 2022 FEC filing	May 26, 2024 (eliminated during fifth balloting; endorsed Oliver during balloting) (ran for vice-president)	1 (PA)	589 (1.5%)
Lars Mapstead		August 14, 1969 (age 55) Monterey, California	Co-founder of Friend Finder Networks Founder of Fupa Games and Legendary Speed	California	March 23, 2021 FEC filing Running mate: Larry Sharpe	May 26, 2024 (eliminated during fourth balloting; endorsed Oliver after his nomination)	2 (ME, NM)	1,226 (3.0%)
Joshua Smith		March 13, 1983 (age 41) Antioch, California	Vice Chair of the Libertarian National Committee (2022–2023)	Iowa	July 24, 2023 FEC filing	May 26, 2024 (eliminated during third balloting)	1 (MN)	416 (1.0%)
Jacob Hornberger		January 28, 1950 (age 74) Laredo, Texas	Founder and President of the Future of Freedom Foundation Independent candidate for U.S. Senate from Virginia in 2002 Candidate for President in 2000 and 2020	Virginia	February 20, 2023 FEC filing	May 26, 2024 (eliminated during second balloting)	0	2,043 (5.0%)
Charles Ballay		January 1, 1970 (age 54) New Orleans, Louisiana	Otolaryngologist	Louisiana	August 24, 2023 FEC filing	May 26, 2024 (eliminated during initial balloting; endorsed Oliver after his nomination)	1 (CA)	22,337 (55.1%)
Art Olivier		August 24, 1957 (age 67) Lynwood, California	Nominee for U.S. Vice President in 2000 Nominee for Governor of California in 2006 Mayor of Bellflower, California (1998–1999)	California	December 11, 2023 FEC filing	May 26, 2024 (eliminated during initial balloting)	0	5 (nil%)

Withdrew before the primaries

Former candidates in the 2024 Libertarian Party presidential primaries

Name	Born	Experience	Home state	Campaign announced	Campaign suspended	Campaign	Ref.
Joe Exotic	March 5, 1963 (age 60) Garden City, Kansas	Businessman and media personality Owner of the Greater Wynnewood Exotic Animal Park (1998–2018) Independent candidate for president in 2016 Candidate for Governor of Oklahoma in 2018	Texas	March 10, 2023	April 11, 2023 (ran for the Democratic nomination)	FEC filing

Green Party

Main article: 2024 Green Party presidential primaries

The Green Party is holding a series of presidential primaries through which convention delegates will be awarded to candidates and will nominate the party's presidential ticket at the 2024 Green National Convention, which is scheduled to take place as a virtual event from August 15 to 18, 2024.

The individuals listed below are declared candidates who have filed paperwork with the Federal Election Commission with intent to run under the Green Party and who meet one or more of the following criteria: a) meet Wikipedia's notability guidelines; b) have participated (or have been invited to participate) in at least two Green Party-sponsored debates or c) have received non-trivial media coverage as a candidate in this election cycle.

Green nominee for the 2024 presidential election

Name		Born	Experience	Home state	Campaign Announcement date	Contests won	Delegates	Popular vote	Running mate	Ref.
Jill Stein		May 14, 1950 (age 74) Chicago, Illinois	Nominee for president in 2012 and 2016 Member of the Lexington Town Meeting from the 2nd Precinct Activist	Massachusetts	Campaign November 9, 2023 FEC filing	20 (KS, PA, CA, IL, AZ, NY, WA, NV, TX, WI, CT, TN, OH, MD, NJ, NM, UT, WV, IN, DC)	Pledged: 182 (91.9%) Convention: 267 (91.1%)	16,597 (96.5%)	Butch Ware

Other candidates in the 2024 Green Party presidential primaries

Name		Born	Experience	Home state	Campaign Announcement date	Contests won	Delegates	Popular vote	Running mate	Ref.
Other candidates formally recognized by GPUS
Jasmine Sherman		August 17, 1985 (age 39) Queens, New York	Executive Director of Greater Charlotte Rise	North Carolina	February 18, 2022 FEC filing	None	Pledged: 10 (5.1%) Convention: 13 (4.5%)	72 (0.4%)	Tanda Blubear
Jorge Zevala		unknown	Businessman	California	October 13, 2023 FEC filing	None	None	18 (0.1%)
Alternate ballot options:
None of the above		N/A				1 (MT)	Pledged: 6 (2.5%) Convention: 10 (3.4%)	505 (2.9%)

Constitution Party

Main article: 2024 Constitution Party presidential primaries

The Constitution Party held its presidential nominating convention on April 24–27, 2024, in Salt Lake City, Utah.

Eight candidates sought the nomination:

• Daniel Clyde Cummings, perennial candidate from Wyoming
• Louis C. Hook from Mississippi
• Brandon McIntyre from Georgia
• Joel Skousen, author and survivalist from Utah
• Ben Stewart
• Randall Terry, author, anti-abortion activist, and Democratic candidate for president in 2012 from Tennessee
• Samm Tittle, perennial candidate
• Paul Venable, nominee for U.S. Senator from Missouri in 2022

Jim Harvey of Georgia (who ultimately did not seek the nomination), Joel Skousen, and Randall Terry participated in an April 6 debate in Dearborn, Michigan.

Terry won the nomination by securing a majority in the first round. The votes largely broke down along geographic lines. Skousen, who is from Utah, received all 61 votes from the delegations of the Four Corners states, but only 19 votes from the rest of the country combined. The only state delegations he carried outside of the region were New Hampshire and West Virginia. Venable won the majority of votes from South Carolina and his home state of Missouri and Daniel Cummings won a plurality in his home state of Wyoming. The remaining ten delegations were all won by Terry.

Pastor and political commentator Stephen Broden, who was running on a ticket with Terry, received the vice presidential nomination via voice vote.

Aside from the presidential nomination, much of the debate at the convention focused on an ultimately defeated amendment by Skousen to remove references to God from the party platform.

2024 Constitution Party Presidential Nomination Vote

Candidate	Votes	Percentage
			Randall Terry	144	54.55%
Joel Skousen	80	30.30%
Paul Venable	32	12.12%
Daniel Cummings	4	1.52%
Brandon McIntyre	2	0.76%
Samm Tittle	2	0.76%
Louis C. Hook	0	0.00%
Ben Stewart	0	0.00%
Total:	264	100.00%
Source:

Constitution Party vice presidential nomination

Candidate	Votes	Percentage
			Stephen Broden	Nominated via Voice Vote
Source:

The Constitution Party received 60,023 votes in the 2020 election.

The Nevada, Utah and Idaho state parties split from the national party and nominated Skousen.

American Independent Party

The American Independent Party held a non-binding presidential preference primary in California on March 5, 2024. James Bradley was the only candidate listed on the ballot and defeated Andrew George Rummel, who was a recognized write-in candidate.

2024 California American Independent primary

Candidate	Votes	Percentage
			James Bradley	45,565	99.96%
Andrew George Rummel (write-in)	16	0.04%
Total:	45,581	100.0%

On April 29, 2024, the party announced that it had nominated independent presidential candidate Robert F. Kennedy Jr.

Legal Marijuana Now Party

Main article: 2024 Minnesota Legal Marijuana Now presidential primary

The Legal Marijuana Now Party held its first-ever presidential nomination primary in Minnesota on Super Tuesday, March 5. This was the first presidential primary to be held in Minnesota for a third party since 1916. Krystal Gabel withdrew from the race during Legal Marijuana Now Party's candidate filing discussions. When Gabel asked to be removed from the ballot, after early voting had started on January 19, 2024, the Minnesota Secretary of State's office stated that changes cannot be made to the list of candidates after the list was certified 63 days prior to the election, and Gabel's name remained on ballots.

Five candidates appeared on the ballot:

• Edward Forchion, activist, and candidate for governor of New Jersey in 2021
• Rudy Reyes, archeologist, and national LMN Party chairperson
• Dennis Schuller, Minnesota LMN Party chairperson; former Richfield, Minnesota, municipal planning commission member (2011–2014)
• Vermin Supreme, performance artist, activist, and perennial candidate from Massachusetts; former Libertarian Party Judicial Committee member (2020–2022) (Also running for the Democratic nomination)
• Krystal Gabel, activist, and candidate for governor of Nebraska in 2018 (Withdrew January 26, 2024)

Of Minnesota's three major political parties, all of which included a write in option for their 2024 nominating primaries, only the Legal Marijuana Now party submitted to the Secretary of State a write in name to be counted, singer-songwriter Willie Nelson.

2024 Minnesota Legal Marijuana Now primary

Candidate	Votes	Percentage	Delegates
				Krystal Gabel (withdrawn)	759	28.84%	-
Dennis Schuller	459	17.44%	7
Vermin Supreme	397	15.08%	6
Rudy Reyes	365	13.87%	5
Edward Forchion	168	6.38%	2
Willie Nelson (write-in)	19	0.72%	0
Other write-ins	465	17.67%	-
Total:	2,632	100.00%	20
Source:

Gabel won a plurality of the vote (28.8%), but withdrew ahead of the primary. Of declared candidates, Dennis Schuller finished in the lead, with 17.4%. At the state convention in Bloomington on July 6, Schuller was later chosen as the presidential nominee, with Reyes as his running mate. However, the party lost automatic ballot access in a May 2024 ruling by the Minnesota Supreme Court, meaning party officials would have to petition for ballot access.

The party is also ballot-qualified in Nebraska, but no candidates qualified for the May 14 primary. Instead, the state affiliate party nominated Cornel West.

Peace and Freedom Party

Main article: 2024 United States presidential election in California § Peace and Freedom primary

The Peace and Freedom Party held a non-binding preference primary in California on Super Tuesday, March 5. Claudia De la Cruz, the nominee of the Party for Socialism and Liberation, won the primary with a plurality, defeating Jasmine Sherman and Cornel West. The party's presidential nominee, chosen by the state central committee in August, is Claudia De la Cruz.

2024 California Peace and Freedom primary

Candidate	Votes	Percentage
			Claudia De la Cruz	6,430	47.0%
Cornel West	5,455	39.9%
Jasmine Sherman	1,795	13.1%
Total:	13,680	100.0%

American Solidarity Party

The American Solidarity Party announced on June 2, 2023, that Peter Sonski had won their party's online primary, which lasted from May 24 to June 1. Sonski was nominated in the first round of ranked-choice voting with 52%. Sonski then selected Lauren Onak as his vice president, who was then officially nominated via unanimous consent.

American Solidarity Party presidential nomination

Candidate	Votes	Percentage
			Peter Sonski	328	52.5%
Jacqueline Abernathy	207	33.1
Joe Schriner	50	8.0
Larry Johnson	24	3.8
Erskine Levi	16	2.6
Total:	625	100.00%
Source:

American Solidarity Party vice presidential nomination

Candidate	Votes	Percentage
			Lauren Onak	Nominated via Unanimous Consent
Source:

Approval Voting Party

The Approval Voting Party received 409 votes for president in 2020. It is currently only ballot-approved in Colorado. On March 16, the party nominated Blake Huber for president and Andrea Denault for vice president.

Green Mountain Peace and Justice

The Green Mountain Peace and Justice Party is a regional ballot-qualified party in Vermont which has regularly nominated candidates for president since 1972. It nominated Gloria La Riva, the PSL nominee, in 2020. She received 166 votes in Vermont. On April 28, the party nominated independent candidate Cornel West for president.

Natural Law Party

The Michigan Natural Law Party held its nominating convention on April 17, 2024, where it nominated independent candidate Robert F. Kennedy Jr. for President and Nicole Shanahan for Vice President. Party chairman Doug Dern claimed fellow independent candidate Cornel West also sought the party's ballot access. Kennedy later attempted to remove his name from the ballot in Michigan, but was blocked in courts.

In 2020, the Michigan party nominated Alliance Party nominee Rocky De La Fuente, who received 2,986 votes in Michigan.

The party is also presidential ballot-qualified in Florida. The Florida party did not nominate a candidate in the 2020 or the 2024 election.

Prohibition Party

The Prohibition Party held its presidential nominating convention on May 8–9, 2023, in Buffalo, New York. Three candidates stood for nomination; Michael Wood was nominated on the first ballot.

Prohibition Party presidential nomination

Candidate	Votes	Percentage
			Michael Wood	8	61.5%
Zack Kusnir	4	30.8%
Scott Baier	0	0.0%
Jay Rockefeller (write-in)	1	7.7%
Total:	13	100.00%
Source:

Prohibition Party vice presidential nomination

Candidate	Votes	Percentage
			John Petrowski	Nominated via Unanimous Consent
Source:

Unity Party

The Bill Hammons-led faction of the Unity Party of America nominated Paul Noel Fiorino and Matthew May for president and vice president respectively at the 7th United National Convention over Google Meet on April 6, 2024.

However, the Colorado faction of the party, which is the only state party with ballot access, met on April 13, 2024, and nominated independent candidate Cornel West for president and his running mate, Melina Abdullah for vice president.

Unity Party of Colorado Presidential Nomination

Candidate	Percentage
		Cornel West	95%
Paul Noel Fiorino	5%
Total:	100.00%
Source:

Withdrew before convention:

• Bill Hammons, co-founder and chairman of the Unity Party; 2020 nominee for president
• Donnie Harold Harris, business owner and write-in candidate for the 2012 Indiana gubernatorial election

The party is currently only ballot-approved in Colorado. In 2020, party co-founder Bill Hammons was on the ballot in three states and received 6,647 votes.

Alliance Party

The Alliance Party received 88,236 votes for president in 2020. It and its affiliates are ballot-qualified in Alaska, Connecticut, and South Carolina.

The Alliance Party of South Carolina nominated Independent Robert F. Kennedy Jr. for its ballot line, but he later withdrew his name from the ballot in South Carolina.

Green Party of Alaska

The Green Party of Alaska is unaffiliated with the Green Party of the United States and is not ballot-qualified in Alaska. The party nominated Jesse Ventura for president in 2020 and received 2,673 votes.

Jasmine Sherman and Tanda BluBear were nominated for president and vice president, respectively.

The party has hosted a series of debates featuring the following candidates seeking the nomination:

• Joseph "Afroman" Foreman, rapper and independent write-in candidate for president;
• Brittany Jones, veteran and unaffiliated write-in candidate for president from Oregon;
• Jasmine Sherman, executive director of Greater Charlotte Rise and candidate in 2024 Green Party presidential primaries, from North Carolina;
• Dashaun "Daví" Davis, activist and candidate for the Green Party presidential nomination;
• Emanuel Pastreich, president of the Asia Institute, academic, author, and withdrawn candidate for the Green Party presidential nomination, from Massachusetts;
• Rollan Roberts, businessman and candidate in 2024 Republican presidential primaries;
• Jay Torres, candidate for Republican presidential nomination;
• Wayne Pope, veteran and candidate in 2024 Democratic Party presidential primaries;
• Suzzanna Tanner, independent write-in candidate for president;
• Susan Buchser-Lochocki, voting rights activist and unregistered write-in candidate for president;

Liberal Party

The Liberal Party, formerly the Association of State Liberty Parties, has qualified state parties in Massachusetts and New Mexico which were, until 2022, affiliated with the national Libertarian Party. These parties received a combined 59,598 votes in 2020.

The Libertarian Association of Massachusetts provided its ballot line to the national Libertarian Party nominees, Chase Oliver and Mike ter Maat. The Libertarian Party of New Mexico ran Laura Ebke and Trisha Butler, the Liberal Party Chair on its ballot line, without any campaign.

Cascade Party

The Cascade Party petitioned to place Krist Novoselić and James Carroll on the ballot in Washington, as that is a requirement to gain state recognition of a new party. Novoselić later withdrew his name from the ballot.

Declined to be candidates

No Labels

Main article: No Labels § 2024 presidential ticket

The following individuals have declined to be candidates for the No Labels unity ticket. On April 4, 2024, the organization announced it would not run a presidential campaign.

• Andy Beshear, Governor of Kentucky (2019–present), Attorney General of Kentucky (2016–2019) (initially endorsed Biden and later endorsed Harris)
• Bill Cassidy, U.S. Senator from Louisiana (2015–present)
• Chris Christie, former Governor of New Jersey (2010–2018), Republican candidate for president in 2016 and 2024
• Nikki Haley, former U.S. Ambassador to the United Nations (2017–2018) and Governor of South Carolina (2011–2017) (ran as a Republican and later endorsed Trump)
• Larry Hogan, former Governor of Maryland (2015–2023) (endorsed Haley; running for U.S. Senate)
• Jon Huntsman Jr., U.S. Ambassador to Russia (2017–2019), U.S. Ambassador to China (2009–2011), Governor of Utah (2005–2009), Republican candidate for president in 2012
• Will Hurd, U.S. Representative from TX-23 (2015–2021) (ran as a Republican; endorsed Haley)
• Joe Manchin, U.S. Senator from West Virginia (2010–present), Governor of West Virginia (2005–2010), West Virginia Secretary of State (2001–2005)
• William H. McRaven, Commander of the United States Special Operations Command (2011–2014) and Chancellor of the University of Texas System (2015–2018)
• Pat McCrory, former Governor of North Carolina (2013–2017), Mayor of Charlotte, North Carolina (1995–2009), candidate for U.S. Senator from North Carolina in 2022
• David Petraeus, Director of the Central Intelligence Agency (2011–2012), commander of the International Security Assistance Force (2010–2011), commander of United States Central Command (2008–2010)
• Dean Phillips, U.S. Representative from MN-03 (2019–present) and CEO of Phillips Distilling Company (2000–2012) (ran as a Democrat; initially endorsed Biden and later endorsed Harris)
• Condoleezza Rice, United States Secretary of State (2005–2009) and United States National Security Advisor (2001–2005)
• Mitt Romney, U.S. Senator from Utah (2019–present), Governor of Massachusetts (2003–2007), Republican candidate for president in 2008 and nominee in 2012
• Kyrsten Sinema, U.S. Senator from Arizona (2019–present), U.S. Representative from AZ-09 (2013–2019)
• Chris Sununu, Governor of New Hampshire (2017–present) (initially endorsed Haley and later endorsed Trump)
• Andrew Yang, co-chair of the Forward Party (2022–present), Democratic candidate for president in 2020 and for mayor of New York City in 2021 (Initially endorsed Phillips, later endorsed Harris)

Third party

The following notable individuals have been the subject of speculation about their possible candidacies, but have publicly denied interest in running.

• Justin Amash, former United States Representative from MI-03 (2011–2021), member of the Michigan House of Representatives from the 72nd district (2009–2011) (ran for U.S. Senate)
• Mark Cuban, investor and entrepreneur (initially endorsed Biden and later endorsed Harris)
• Jamie Dimon, chairman and CEO of JPMorgan Chase
• Howie Hawkins, co-founder of the Green Party and Green/Socialist nominee for president in 2020
• Dwayne Johnson, actor, businessman and professional wrestler
• Vivek Ramaswamy, executive chairman of Strive Asset Management (2022–2023) and CEO of Roivant Sciences (2014–2021) (ran as a Republican; endorsed Trump)
• Dave Smith, stand-up comedian, libertarian political commentator, podcaster

Debates and forums

2024 Free & Equal debates
No.	Date & Time	Location	Participants
P  Participant  A  Absent invitee  I  Invitee  N  Not invited  W  Withdrawn  NYD  Not yet declared			Democratic	Republican	Independent	Libertarian	Green	Independent	PSL	Constitution	Other
			Kamala Harris	Donald Trump	Robert F. Kennedy Jr.	Chase Oliver	Jill Stein	Cornel West	Claudia De la Cruz	Randall Terry	See note
1	February 29, 2024	New York City	NYD	N	A	P	P	A	P	N	P
2	July 12, 2024	Las Vegas	NYD	A	A	P	P	A	N	P	A
3	October 23, 2024	TBD	A	A	W	P	P	A	A	P	N

February 29 debate (New York City)

The Free & Equal Elections Foundation hosted a multiparty debate on February 29, 2024, in New York City, New York moderated by Caitlin Sinclair, Jason Palmer and Christina Tobin. Socialism and Liberation nominee Claudia De la Cruz, Libertarian candidates Chase Oliver and Lars Mapstead, and Green candidates Jill Stein and Jasmine Sherman attended. Independent candidates Robert F. Kennedy Jr. and Cornel West were also invited but did not attend.

2nd Free and Equal Presidential debate
From left to right: Oliver, Stein, and Terry
Date(s)	July 12, 2024
Duration	c. 1 hour and 50 minutes
Location	Las Vegas, Nevada
Participants	Chase Oliver Jill Stein Randall Terry
Footage	[1]Archived July 16, 2024, at the Wayback Machine
Moderator(s)	Christina Tobin and Thomas Massie

July 12 debate (Las Vegas)

Free and Equal hosted a second debate on July 12, 2024, at FreedomFest in Las Vegas, Nevada moderated by the foundation's chair, Christina Tobin and congressman Thomas Massie.

Candidates invited to the debate were: Biden, Kennedy, Oliver, Stein, Terry, Trump, and West. Oliver, Stein, and Terry participated.

September 18 debate (Los Angeles) (cancelled)

A third debate was scheduled for September 18 in Los Angeles, but it was cancelled.

October 23 debate (Hollywood)

Oliver, Stein, and Terry participated.

Forums

The Muslim Civic Coalition hosted a forum featuring Jill Stein and Cornel West on February 3 in Oak Brook, Illinois. The organization claimed all presidential candidates were invited to attend.

The Abandon Biden movement held an online forum on June 13 featuring Jill Stein, Cornel West, and Claudia de la Cruz focused on promoting "pro-Palestine" candidates for President.

Ballot access

Main article: Ballot access in the 2024 United States presidential election

Polling

Main articles: Nationwide opinion polling for the 2024 United States presidential election and Statewide opinion polling for the 2024 United States presidential election

Aggregate polls

This table will only include polling aggregates that tracks at least one third-party candidate.

Poll source	Since	As of	Kamala Harris DEM	Donald Trump GOP	Robert F. Kennedy Jr IND	Jill Stein GRN	Cornel West IND	Margin
538	July 24, 2024	August 9, 2024	45.5%	43.4%	5.1%	–	–	Harris +2.0%
RCP	July 22, 2024	August 9, 2024	45.3%	44.5%	5.5%	0.9%	0.6%	Harris +0.8%
TH/DDHQ	July 7, 2024	August 9, 2024	46.7%	43.5%	3.4%	–	–	Harris +3.2%
SB	July 1, 2024	August 9, 2024	46.3%	43.9%	4.1%	–	–	Harris +2.4%
RTTWH	July 8, 2024	August 9, 2024	45.7%	43.5%	5.4%	0.8%	0.5%	Harris +2.2%
NYT	July 17, 2024	August 9, 2024	45%	43%	5%	–	–	Harris +2%

Individual polls

2024 polling with nominated candidates

Polling with third-party and independent candidates

Poll source	Date(s) administered	Sample size	Kamala Harris	Donald Trump	Cornel West	Robert F. Kennedy Jr	Jill Stein	Chase Oliver	Other	Undecided	Margin
Outward Intelligence	September 15–19, 2024	1880 (LV)	50.3%	43.5%	–	2.1%	–	–	–	2.7%	Harris +6.8%
The Economist/YouGov	September 15–17, 2024	1441 (RV)	49%	45%	0%	–	1%	–	2%	4%	Harris +4%
HarrisX/George Washington University	September 14–16, 2024	1306 (LV)	49%	45%	2%	–	1%	–	0%	2%	Harris +4%
NY Times/Philadelphia Inquirer/Siena College	September 11–16, 2024	2437 (LV)	46%	46%	<.5%	<.5%	2%	2%	1%	3%	Even
J.L. Partners/Daily Mail	September 11–16, 2024	1000 (LV)	43%	42%	0%	4%	1%	0%	–	8%	Harris +1%
Yahoo! News/YouGov	September 11–13, 2024	1090 (LV)	49%	45%	1%	–	1%	1%	0%	4%	Harris +4%
TIPP	September 11–13, 2024	1721 (RV)	45%	41%	–	5%	–	–	2%	7%	Harris +4%
ABC News/Ipsos	September 11–13, 2024	2196 (LV)	51%	46%	1%	–	1%	<1%	1%	–	Harris +5%
HarrisX/Forbes	September 11–13, 2024	3018 (RV)	47%	44%	1%	–	1%	–	–	7%	Harris +3%
	September 10, 2024	First presidential debate between Harris and Trump occurs
The Economist/YouGov	September 8–10, 2024	1462 (RV)	45%	45%	1%	–	1%	–	4%	5%	Even
NY Times/Siena College	September 3–6, 2024	1695 (LV)	45%	47%	<.5%	<.5%	1%	2%	1%	3%	Trump +2%
Harvard/HarrisX	September 4–5, 2024	2358 (RV)	46%	46%	1%	–	1%	–	–	6%	Even
Cygnal	September 3–5, 2024	1510 (LV)	46.2%	44.2%	0.9%	3.0%	1.1%	0.7%	–	4.0%	Harris +2.0%
Outward Intelligence	September 1–5, 2024	1890 (LV)	50.5%	44.6%	0.5%	3.2%	0.8%	0.5%	–	–	Harris +5.9%
The Economist/YouGov	September 1–3, 2024	1382 (RV)	47%	45%	0%	–	1%	–	2%	5%	Harris +2%
Big Data Poll/Public Polling Project	August 31–September 3, 2024	3047 (LV)	45.8%	45.9%	0.8%	–	0.6%	1.2%	1.4%	4.2%	Trump +0.1%
America's New Majority/McLaughlin & Associates	August 29–September 1, 2024	2000 (RV)	45.4%	44.1%	1.1%	–	0.9%	0.9%	–	7.6%	Harris +1.3%

2024 hypothetical polling with Harris

Hypothetical polling with third-party and independent candidates

Poll source	Date(s) administered	Sample size	Kamala Harris	Donald Trump	Cornel West	Robert F. Kennedy Jr	Jill Stein	Chase Oliver	Other	Undecided	Margin
RMG Research/Napolitan Institute	August 5–7, 2024	2000 (RV)	47%	46%	–	2%	–	–	2%	3%	Harris +1%
Ipsos	August 2–7, 2024	1342 (RV)	42%	37%	–	4%	–	–	6%	10%	Harris +5%
YouGov/The Economist	August 4–6, 2024	1413 (LV)	45%	43%	0%	2%	1%	–	3%	6%	Harris +2%
ActiVote	July 30 – August 6, 2024	1000 (LV)	45.0%	44.4%	–	10.5%	–	–	–	–	Harris +0.6%
NPR/PBS/Marist	August 1–4, 2024	1309 (LV)	49%	45%	0%	5%	0%	0%	–	1%	Harris +4%
TIPP Insights/Issues & Insights	July 31 – August 2, 2024	1326 (RV)	44%	42%	1%	7%	1%	–	1%	4%	Harris +2%
YouGov/CBS News	July 30 – August 2, 2024	3092 (LV)	49%	47%	0%	2%	0%	0%	–	2%	Harris +2%
YouGov/University of Massachusetts	July 29 – August 1, 2024	1000 (RV)	46%	43%	–	6%	–	–	–	5%	Harris +3%
RMG Research	July 29–31, 2024	3000 (RV)	47%	42%	–	6%	–	–	–	5%	Harris +5%
YouGov/The Economist	July 27–30, 2024	1434 (RV)	46%	44%	0%	5%	0%	–	2%	5%	Harris +2%
Redfield & Wilton Strategies	July 29, 2024	1750 (LV)	45%	43%	–	5%	–	–	–	4%	Harris +2%
American Pulse Research	July 26–29, 2024	1035 (LV)	46%	47%	1%	3%	1%	0%	1%	2%	Trump +1%
ActiVote	July 24–29, 2024	1000 (LV)	44%	46%	–	10%	–	–	–	–	Trump +2%
McLaughlin & Associates	July 23–29, 2024	1000 (LV)	41%	42%	1%	8%	1%	1%	7%	–	Trump +1%
Big Data/Public Polling Project	July 26–28, 2024	2919 (LV)	44%	45%	2%	7%	1%	2%	–	–	Trump +1%
Leger	July 26–28, 2024	786 (RV)	48%	41%	1%	5%	1%	–	–	3%	Harris +7%
Harvard/HarrisX	July 26–28, 2024	2196 (RV)	43%	47%	1%	8%	1%	–	–	–	Trump +4%
Ipsos/With Honor	July 24–25, 2024	1238 (A)	38%	38%	–	4%	–	–	12%	9%	Even
Redfield and Wilton	July 23–25, 2024	1750 (LV)	45%	43%	–	5%	–	–	1%	4%	Harris +2%
Mainstreet Research/FAU	July 26–27, 2024	936 (LV)	44%	43%	–	8%	–	–	1%	3%	Harris +1%
Atlas Intel	July 23–25, 2024	1980 (RV)	46%	48%	0%	5%	–	–	–	2%	Trump +2%
Fabrizio Lee & Associates/GBAO/The Wall Street Journal	July 23–25, 2024	1000 (RV)	45%	44%	1%	4%	1%	0%	–	5%	Harris +1%
HarrisX/Forbes	July 22–25, 2024	2472 (LV)	45%	46%	1%	8%	1%	–	–	6%	Trump +1%
New York Times/Siena	July 22–24, 2024	1142 (LV)	44%	43%	0%	5%	1%	–	1% (I wouldn't vote)	5%	Harris +1%
The 19th/Survey Monkey	July 22–24, 2024	5265 (A)	38%	39%	1%	6%	1%	–	2% (Refused)	14%	Trump +1%
Big Village	July 22–24, 2024	1492 (LV)	43%	44%	1%	6%	1%	–	1% (I wouldn't vote)	4%	Trump +1%
Reuters/Ipsos	July 22–23, 2024	1018 (RV)	42%	38%	–	8%	–	–	5% (I wouldn't vote)	6%	Harris +4%
The Times/SAY/YouGov	July 22–23, 2024	1155 (LV)	44%	46%	0%	4%	1%	–	1% (I would not vote)	3%	Trump +2%
NPR/PBS/Marist	July 22, 2024	846 (LV)	45%	43%	1%	7%	0%	0%	–	3%	Harris +2%
The Economist/YouGov	July 21–23, 2024	1435 (RV)	41%	44%	1%	5%	1%	–	3%	5%	Trump +3%
Yahoo!/YouGov	July 19–22, 2024	1178 (RV)	41%	43%	1%	5%	1%	1%	1%	6%	Trump +2%
On Points Politics/SoCal Research	July 21, 2024	800 (RV)	37%	43%	–	9%	3%	4%	–	4%	Trump +6%
Quinnipiac	July 19–21, 2024	1257 (RV)	41%	45%	1%	6%	2%	1%	2%	1%	Trump +4%
Mainstreet Research/FAU	July 19–21, 2024	711 (LV)	39%	45%	–	9%	–	–	3%	3%	Trump +6%
The Economist/YouGov	July 13–16, 2024	1398 (RV)	39%	44%	1%	5%	2%	–	3%	7%	Trump +5%
Big Village	July 12–14, 2024	1499 (LV)	37.3%	41.6%	1.8%	9.2%	2.1%	–	0.9% (I would not vote)	7.0%	Trump +4.3%
Redfield & Wilton	July 8, 2024	1500 (RV)	37%	44%	–	8%	–	1%	3%	6%	Trump +7%
Manhattan Institute	July 7–13, 2024	2100 (LV)	36%	44%	1%	6%	–	1%	8%	5%	Trump +8%
The Economist/YouGov	July 7–9, 2024	1440 (RV)	38%	42%	1%	5%	–	2%	6%	7%	Trump +5%

2024 hypothetical polling

Hypothetical polling with third-party and independent candidates

Poll source	Date(s) administered	Sample size	Joe Biden	Donald Trump	Nikki Haley	Cornel West	Robert F. Kennedy Jr	Joe Manchin	Jill Stein	Other	Undecided	Margin
July 21, 2024	Joe Biden ends his re-election campaign
Reuters/Ipsos	July 16, 2024	992 (RV)	39%	40%	–	–	11%	–	–	6%	4%	Trump +1%
Emerson College/Democrats for the Next Generation	July 15–16, 2024	2000 (RV)	37.8%	43.8%	–	0.7%	6.6%	–	0.7%	0.4% (Chase Oliver)	10.0%	Trump +6.0%
The Economist/YouGov	July 13–16, 2024	1398 (RV)	41%	43%	–	1%	4%	–	1%	3%	7%	Trump +2%
Redfield & Wilton	July 15, 2024	3500 (RV)	42%	43%	–	–	6%	–	–	2%	6%	Trump +1%
Harris X	July 13–15, 2024	1918 (RV)	37%	41%	–	2%	12%	–	1%	–	7%	Trump +4%
ActiVote	July 7–15, 2024	1000 (LV)	41.4%	43.4%	–	–	15.1%	–	–	–	–	Trump +2.0%
Big Village	July 12–14, 2024	1499 (LV)	40.9%	40.8%	–	0.9%	8.5%	–	1.2%	0.5% (I would not vote)	7.0%	Biden +0.1%
	July 13, 2024	Thomas Matthew Crooks attempts to assassinate Donald Trump
Manhattan Institute	July 7–13, 2024	2100 (LV)	40%	44%	–	1%	5%	–	1%	5%	5%	Trump +4%
The Center Square/Noble Predictive	July 8–11, 2024	2300 (LV)	40%	43%	–	1%	7%	–	1%	–	7%	Trump +3%
NPR/PBS/Marist	July 9–10, 2024	954 (LV)	45%	45%	–	2%	6%	–	1%	–	1%	Even
Fox News	July 7–10, 2024	1210 (RV)	41%	44%	–	1%	10%	–	3%	–	2%	Trump +3%
The Economist/YouGov	July 7–9, 2024	1440 (RV)	40%	43%	–	1%	4%	–	1%	3%	8%	Trump +3%
NBC News	July 7–9, 2024	800 (RV)	37%	40%	–	1%	10%	–	3%	5%	4%	Trump +3%
ABC News/Washington Post/Ipsos	July 5−9, 2024	2041 (RV)	42%	43%	–	2%	10%	–	2%	3%	–	Trump +1%
Redfield & Wilton	July 8, 2024	1500 (RV)	42%	43%	–	–	6%	–	–	2%	6%	Trump +1%
Emerson College	July 7–8, 2024	1370 (RV)	39.9%	43.7%	–	1.2%	6.1%	–	0.8%	–	8.4%	Trump +3.8%
Pew Research	July 1–7, 2024	7729 (RV)	40%	44%	–	–	15%	–	–	2%	–	Trump +4%
Lord Ashcroft	June 28 – July 7, 2024	4347 (RV)	44%	42%	–	1%	10%	–	1%	3%	–	Biden +2%
Data For Progress/Split Ticket	July 1–3, 2024	2067 (LV)	40%	41%	–	1%	10%	–	1%	1% (Chase Oliver)	6%	Trump +1%
J.L. Partners/Daily Mail	July 1–3, 2024	1000 (LV)	37%	43%	–	2%	7%	–	2%	2% (Chase Oliver)	7%	Trump +6%
Cygnal	July 1–2, 2024	1500 (LV)	38.1%	43.5%	–	2.1%	7.1%	–	2.0%	–	7.2%	Trump +5.4%
The Economist/YouGov	June 30 – July 2, 2024	1386 (RV)	40%	42%	–	1%	5%	–	1%	3%	8%	Trump +2%
GBAO/WSJ/Fabrizio Lee	June 29 – July 2, 2024	1500 (RV)	36%	42%	–	2%	7%	–	2%	1% (Chase Oliver)	11%	Trump +6%
CBS News/YouGov	June 28 – July 2, 2024	2815 (LV)	40%	44%	–	2%	11%	–	3%	0%	0%	Trump +4%
NY Times/Siena	June 28 – July 2, 2024	1532 (LV)	37%	42%	–	<0.5%	8%	–	2%	3%	6%	Trump +5%
Florida Atlantic/Mainstreet Research	June 29–30, 2024	869 (LV)	39%	42%	–	–	10%	–	–	4%	5%	Trump +3%
HarrisX/Forbes	June 28–30, 2024	1192 (LV)	38%	43%	–	–	14%	–	–	–	4%	Trump +5%
CNN/SSRS	June 28–30, 2024	1045 (RV)	35%	41%	–	2%	14%	–	3%	4%	–	Trump +6%
Suffolk University/USA Today	June 28–30, 2024	1000 (RV)	38%	41%	–	1%	8%	–	1%	2%	8%	Trump +3%
Harvard/Harris	June 28–30, 2024	2090 (RV)	35%	43%	–	2%	10%	–	1%	–	9%	Trump +8%
Big Village	June 28–30, 2024	723 (LV)	41.2%	41.6%	–	0.9%	8.7%	–	–	1.2% (I would not vote)	6.5%	Trump +0.4%
Patriot Polling	June 27–29, 2024	1029 (RV)	40.5%	44.3%	–	–	11.2%	–	–	–	4.0%	Trump +3.8%
On Point Politics/SoCal Research	June 27, 2024	600 (RV)	35%	41%	–	2%	8%	–	2%	1% (Chase Oliver)	10%	Trump +6%
	June 27, 2024	First presidential debate between Trump and Biden is held
Atlas/CNN Brazil	June 26–28, 2024	1634 (RV)	40.3%	45.5%	–	0.7%	10.3%	–	0.5%	0.8% (Won't vote)	2.0%	Trump +5.2%
I&I/Tipp	June 26–28, 2024	1244 (RV)	40%	39%	–	2%	10%	–	1%	2%	5%	Biden +1%
Lord Ashcroft	May 31 – June 27	4067 (RV)	42%	41%	–	1%	10%	–	1%	4%	–	Biden +1%
The Economist/YouGov	June 23–25, 2024	1403 (RV)	42%	42%	–	0%	4%	–	1%	2%	8%	Even
NY Times/Siena	June 20–25, 2024	1226 (LV)	37%	40%	–	<0.5%	7%	–	2%	3%	9%	Trump +3%
Leger/New York Post	June 22–24, 2024	873 (LV)	38%	38%	–	2%	7%	–	2%	–	13%	Even
Quinnipiac	June 20–24, 2024	1405 (RV)	37%	43%	–	2%	11%	–	2%	3%	2%	Trump +6%
America's New Majority/McLaughlin	June 20–24, 2024	2000 (RV)	38.8%	40.3%	–	1.6%	8.3%	–	1.0%	0.5% (Chase Oliver)	9.5%	Trump +1.5%
McLaughlin & Associates	June 18–24, 2024	1000 (LV)	37%	39%	–	2%	10%	–	2%	1.0% (Chase Oliver)	9%	Trump +2%
George Washington University	June 11–24, 2024	2750 (RV)	44.3%	41.9%	–	0.8%	4.6%	–	1.0%	2.4%	4.9%
ActiVote	June 5–21, 2024	2192 (LV)	42.1%	43.7%	–	–	14.2%	–	–	–	–	Trump +1.6%
The Economist/YouGov	June 16–18, 2024	1392 (RV)	42%	42%	–	1%	4%	–	1%	3%	8%	Even
Redfield & Wilton	June 16–17, 2024	1500 (RV)	41%	41%	–	–	7%	–	–	2%	8%	Even
Fox News	June 14–17, 2024	1095 (RV)	43%	42%	–	2%	10%	–	2%	–	1%	Biden +1%
Ipsos/Reuters	June 12, 2024	930 (RV)	37%	38%	–	–	10%	–	–	6% (I wouldn't vote)	10%	Trump +1%
Redfield & Wilton	June 11–12, 2024	1500 (RV)	41%	40%	–	–	7%	–	–	7%	3%	Biden +1%
NPR/PBS/Marist	June 10–12, 2024	963 (LV)	43%	44%	–	2%	9%	–	1%	0% (Chase Oliver)	1%	Trump +1%
Echelon Insights	June 10–12, 2024	1013 (LV)	42%	43%	–	2%	7%	–	2%	–	3%	Trump +1%
The Economist/YouGov	June 9–11, 2024	1398 (RV)	40%	42%	–	1%	3%	–	1%	3%	9%	Trump +2%
SSRS/Vanderbilt	June 7–10, 2024	1031 (A)	30%	33%	–	–	10%	–	–	16%	12%	Trump +3%
Big Village	June 7–9, 2024	1423 (LV)	42.5%	42.2%	–	1.4%	7.4%	–	–	0.8% (I would not vote)	5.7%	Biden +0.3%
Cygnal	June 4–6, 2024	1500 (LV)	38.4%	41.2%	–	2.3%	8.4%	–	1.8%	–	7.9%	Trump +2.8%
Emerson College	June 4–5, 2024	1000 (RV)	38%	44%	–	1%	6%	–	1%	–	9%	Trump +6%
The Economist/YouGov	June 2–4, 2024	1565 (RV)	42%	42%	–	1%	3%	–	1%	2%	8%	Even
ActiVote	May 23 – June 4, 2024	1775 (LV)	41.6%	45.4%	–	–	13.1%	–	–	–	–	Trump +3.8%
Ipsos/Reuters	May 30–31, 2024	2135 (RV)	39%	37%	–	–	10%	–	–	5% (I wouldn't vote)	8%	Biden +2%
HarrisX/Forbes	May 30–31, 2024	1006 (RV)	38%	40%	–	1%	11%	–	1%	–	8%	Trump +2%
I&I/Tipp	May 29–31, 2024	1675 (RV)	38%	38%	–	1%	10%	–	2%	2%	9%	Even
Lord Ashcroft	May 17–30, 2024	8153 (RV)	44%	40%	–	1%	10%	–	1%	3%	–	Biden +1%
The Economist/YouGov	May 25–28, 2024	1546 (RV)	40%	41%	–	1%	4%	–	1%	3%	10%	Trump +1%
McLaughlin & Associates/Lawrence Kadish	May 21–23, 2024	1000 (LV)	38%	42%	–	2%	9%	–	2%	1% (Lars Mapstead)	6%	Trump +4%
NPR/PBS/Marist	May 21–23, 2024	907 (LV)	43%	46%	–	2%	5%	–	2%	–	2%	Trump +3%
Emerson College	May 21–23, 2024	1100 (RV)	39%	44%	–	1%	6%	–	1%	–	10%	Trump +5%
The Economist/YouGov	May 19–21, 2024	1558 (RV)	40%	41%	–	1%	5%	–	1%	4%	10%	Trump +1%
Independent Center	May 16–21, 2024	1000 (RV)	39%	42%	–	–	13%	–	–	–	6%	Trump +3%
ActiVote	May 6–21, 2024	1153 (LV)	42.1%	44.9%	–	–	13%	–	–	–	–	Trump +2.8%
Quinnipiac	May 16–20, 2024	1374 (RV)	41%	38%	–	2%	14%	–	2%	2%	2%	Biden +3%
Harvard/Harris X	May 15–16, 2024	1660 (RV)	39%	43%	–	–	12%	–	–	–	5%	Trump +4%
Cygnal	May 14–16, 2024	1500 (LV)	37.7%	40.8%	–	2.3%	8.8%	–	2.4%	–	8.0%	Trump +3.1%
Echelon Insights	May 13–16, 2024	1023 (LV)	38%	43%	–	1%	9%	–	3%	–	6%	Trump +5%
McLaughlin & Associates	May 9–15, 2024	1000 (LV)	36%	38%	–	3%	11%	–	2%	1% (Lars Mapstead)	9%	Trump +2%
Marquette Law	May 6–15, 2024	624 (LV)	41%	44%	–	2%	11%	–	2%	–	–	Trump +3%
America's New Majority/McLaughlin & Associates	May 10–14, 2024	2000 (RV)	37.6%	39.3%	–	1.9%	8.9%	–	1.4%	0.6% (Lars Mapstead)	10.3%	Trump +1.8%
Redfield & Wilton	May 13, 2024	1155 (LV)	43%	42%	–	–	5%	–	–	–	6%	Biden +1%
Ipsos	May 7–13, 2024	1730 (RV)	37%	35%	–	–	5%	–	–	7%	17%	Biden +2%
RMG Research	May 6–9, 2024	2000 (RV)	42%	39%	–	–	11%	–	–	3%	6%	Biden +3%
Big Village	May 3–8, 2024	2867 (LV)	41.9%	40.6%	–	1.2%	8.8%	–	–	0.6% (I would not vote)	6.9%	Biden +1.3%
I&I/Tipp	May 1–3, 2024	1264 (RV)	39%	38%	–	1%	12%	–	1%	2%	7%	Biden +1%
Redfield & Wilton	May 1, 2024	1133 (LV)	41%	43%	–	–	7%	–	–	–	5%	Trump +2%
Suffolk University/USA Today	April 30 – May 3, 2024	1000 (RV)	36.7%	37.1%	–	1.6%	8.0%	–	1.2%	3.3%	12.1%	Trump +0.4%
Reuters/Ipsos	April 29–30, 2024	856 (RV)	39%	38%	–	–	8%	–	–	6% (I wouldn't vote)	9%	Biden +1%
ActiVote	April 13–30, 2024	1025 (LV)	41.2%	44.4%	–	–	14.4%	–	–	–	–	Trump +3.2%
Florida Atlantic/Mainstreet Research	April 26–28, 2024	851 (LV)	43.7%	39.5%	–	–	11.0%	–	–	2.5%	3.4%	Biden +4.2%
Harvard/Harris X	April 24–25, 2024	1961 (RV)	37%	44%	–	1%	10%	–	1%	–	6%	Trump +7%
NPR/PBS/Marist	April 22–25, 2024	1199 (RV)	42%	42%	–	2%	11%	–	2%	–	2%	Even
CNN/SSRS	April 18–23, 2024	967 (RV)	33%	42%	–	4%	16%	–	3%	2%	1%	Trump +9%
Quinnipiac	April 18–22, 2024	1429 (RV)	37%	37%	–	3%	16%	–	3%	2%	2%	Even
Marist College	April 16–18, 2024	1047 (RV)	43%	38%	–	2%	14%	–	2%	–	1%	Biden +5%
Emerson College	April 16–17, 2024	1308 (RV)	39.9%	43.5%	–	1.0%	7.6%	–	0.4%	–	7.6%	Trump +3.6%
NBC News	April 12–16, 2024	1000 (RV)	39%	37%	–	2%	13%	–	3%	1% Would not vote	3%	Biden +2%
McLaughlin & Associates	April 10–16, 2024	1000 (LV)	36%	38%	–	2%	10%	–	2%	2% (Lars Mapstead)	9%	Trump +2%
Echelon Insights	April 12–14, 2024	1020 (LV)	41%	40%	–	2%	11%	–	2%	–	4%	Biden +1%
ActiVote	March 24 – April 10, 2024	1083 (LV)	40.7%	44.0%	–	–	15.3%	–	–	–	–	Trump +3.3%
Redfield & Wilton	April 6–7, 2024	4000 (RV)	41%	41%	–	–	9%	–	–	–	6%	Even
I&I/Tipp	April 3–5, 2024	1265 (RV)	38%	38%	–	2%	11%	–	1%	2%	9%	Even
Emerson College	April 2–3, 2024	1438 (RV)	42.0%	43.2%	–	0.7%	7.8%	–	0.5%	–	5.8%	Trump +1.2%
Big Village	March 29–31, 2024	1425 (LV)	41.9%	39.7%	–	1.8%	7.8%	–	–	0.6% (I would not vote)	8.1%	Biden +2.2%
Trafalgar	March 29–31, 2024	1092 (LV)	39.8%	43.1%	–	1.7%	11.4%	–	0.8%	–	3.1%	Trump +3.3%
Data For Progress	March 27–29, 2024	1200 (LV)	41%	42%	–	1%	8%	–	1%	–	6%	Trump +1%
NPR/PBS/Marist	March 25–28, 2024	1199 (RV)	43%	41%	–	1%	11%	–	2%	–	1%	Biden +2%
Marquette Law	March 18–28, 2024	614 (LV)	41%	41%	–	4%	13%	–	2%	–	–	Even
HarrisX/Forbes	March 25, 2024	1010 (RV)	37%	40%	–	1%	12%	–	1%	–	8%	Trump +3%
Fox News	March 22–25, 2024	1094 (RV)	38%	43%	–	2%	12%	–	2%	1% (Wouldn't vote)	2%	Trump +5%
Quinnipiac	March 21–25, 2024	1407 (RV)	38%	39%	–	3%	13%	–	4%	1% (Refused)	2%	Trump +1%
Daily Mail/J.L. Partners	March 20–24, 2024	1000 (LV)	39%	43%	–	2%	7%	–	1%	–	8%	Trump +4%
Echelon Insights	March 18–21, 2024	1006 (LV)	40%	43%	–	1%	10%	–	2%	–	4%	Trump +3%
Harvard/Harris X	March 20–21, 2024	2111 (RV)	36%	41%	–	1%	14%	–	2%	–	6%	Trump +5%
McLaughlin & Associates	March 9–14, 2024	1000 (LV)	34%	38%	–	2%	12%	2%	2%	–	9%	Trump +4%
Big Village	March 8–13, 2024	1518 (LV)	39.5%	40.9%	–	1.8%	8.5%	–	–	1.0% (Would not vote)	8.2%	Trump +1.4%
Reuters/Ipsos	March 7–13, 2024	4094 (A)	31%	32%	–	–	16%	–	–	10% (I wouldn't vote)	11%	Trump +1%
Suffolk University/USA Today	March 8–11, 2024	1000 (RV)	38%	40%	–	2%	9%	2% (No Labels candidate)	2%	1% (Libertarian candidate)	5%	Trump +2%
HarrisX	March 8–10, 2024	2017 (RV)	35%	41%	–	1%	12%	–	1%	–	10%	Trump +6%
Emerson College	March 5–6, 2024	1350 (RV)	41.5%	43.2%	–	1.6%	6.0%	–	0.5%	–	7.2%	Trump +1.7%
Redfield & Wilton	March 2, 2024	1500 (LV)	39%	43%	–	–	9%	–	–	–	7%	Trump +4%
I&I/Tipp	February 28 – March 1, 2024	1246 (RV)	38%	38%	–	2%	9%	–	1%	3%	9%	Even
G Squared Public Strategies/Third Way	February 27 – March 1, 2024	2000 (LV)	36%	36%	8%	–	13%	–	–	–	7%	Even
Fox News	February 25–28, 2024	1262 (RV)	38%	41%	–	3%	13%	–	2%	<1%	2%	Trump +3%
Fox News	February 25–28, 2024	1262 (RV)	35%	–	28%	5%	24%	–	2%	3%	2%	Biden +7%
HarrisX	February 24–28, 2024	3021 (RV)	36%	40%	–	2%	11%	–	1%	–	10%	Trump +4%
GBAO/WSJ/Fabrizio Lee	February 21–28, 2024	1745 (RV)	35%	40%	–	2%	9%	–	1%	1% (Lars Mapstead)	12%	Trump +5%
HarrisX	February 20–23, 2024	3010 (RV)	40%	42%	–	2%	12%	–	1%	–	11%	Trump +2%
Harvard/HarrisX	February 21–22, 2024	2022 (RV)	33%	42%	–	1%	14%	–	1%	–	8%	Trump +9%
Quinnipiac	February 15–19, 2024	1421 (RV)	38%	37%	–	3%	15%	–	3%	1% (Wouldn't vote)	2%	Biden +1%
Quinnipiac	February 15–19, 2024	1421 (RV)	35%	–	27%	5%	24%	–	3%	4%	2%	Biden +8%
	February 16, 2024	Manchin announces he won't run for president
Emerson College	February 13–14, 2024	1225 (RV)	37.9%	40.2%	–	1.4%	6.7%	–	1.3%	–	12.5%	Trump +2.3%
Echelon Insights	February 12–14, 2024	1015 (LV)	37%	42%	–	2%	8%	2%	2%	–	6%	Trump +5%
Redfield & Wilton	February 10, 2024	??? (LV)	41%	42%	–	–	8%	–	–	3%	6%	Trump +1%
Marquette Law	February 5–15, 2024	628 (LV)	40%	43%	–	1%	14%	–	1%	<1%	–	Trump +3%
Atlas Intel	February 2–7, 2024	1637 (RV)	42.3%	43.9%	–	0.1%	5.2%	–	–	5.2%	4.7%	Trump +1.6%
Atlas Intel	February 2–7, 2024	1637 (RV)	41%	–	23%	0.5%	11.4%	–	–	13.9%	10.2%	Biden +18%
Atlas Intel	February 2–7, 2024	1637 (RV)	41.6% (Michelle Obama)	39%	–	0%	5.1%	–	–	4%	10.3%	Obama +2.6%
Survey USA	January 31 – February 2, 2024	1500 (RV)	40%	45%	13%	–	–	–	–	–	3%	Trump +5%
Survey USA	January 31 – February 2, 2024	1500 (RV)	36%	43%	11%	–	9%	–	–	–	2%	Trump +7%
Survey USA	January 31 – February 2, 2024	1500 (RV)	36%	41%	10%	1%	10%	–	–	–	2%	Trump +5%
I&I/Tipp	January 31 – February 2, 2024	1266 (RV)	34%	40%	–	2%	8%	1%	3%	3%	10%	Trump +6%
YouGov/UMass	January 25–30, 2024	989 (LV)	39%	43%	–	–	9%	–	–	4%	4%	Trump +4%
McLaughlin & Associates	January 25–31, 2024	1000 (LV)	34%	39%	–	2%	9%	2%	2%	–	12%	Trump +5%
Emerson College	January 26–29, 2024	1260 (RV)	36.9%	41.7%	11.8%	–	–	–	–	–	9.6%	Trump +4.8%
Emerson College	January 26–29, 2024	1260 (RV)	39.2%	41.4%	–	0.8%	4.9%	–	0.8%	–	13%	Trump +2.2%
Quinnipiac	January 25–29, 2024	1650 (RV)	39%	37%	–	3%	14%	2%	–	2%	3%	Biden +2%
Quinnipiac	January 25–29, 2024	1650 (RV)	36%	–	29%	3%	21%	2%	–	5%	3%	Biden +7%
Reuters/Ipsos	January 22–24, 2024	1250 (RV)	30%	36%	–	–	8%	–	–	12%	13%	Trump +6%
Harvard/HarrisX	January 17–18, 2024	2346 (RV)	31%	42%	–	2%	15%	–	2%	–	8%	Trump +11%
Echelon Insights	January 16–18, 2024	1029 (LV)	35%	41%	–	2%	11%	2%	3%	–	6%	Trump +6%
Messenger/Harris X	January 16–17, 2024	1045 (RV)	37%	40%	–	2%	11%	–	1%	–	9%	Trump +3%
Cygnal	January 11–12, 2024	2000 (LV)	41.4%	41.5%	–	–	10.2%	–	–	–	6.9%	Trump +.1%
Reuters/Ipsos	January 3–9, 2024	4677 (A)	29%	30%	–	–	18%	–	–	11% (I wouldn't vote)	13%	Trump +1%
I&I/Tipp	January 3–5, 2024	1247 (RV)	34%	37%	–	2%	8%	1%	1%	5%	11%	Trump +3%

2023 hypothetical polling

Hypothetical polling with third-party and independent candidates

Poll source	Date(s) administered	Sample size	Joe Biden	Donald Trump	Cornel West	Robert F. Kennedy Jr	Joe Manchin	Jill Stein	Other	Undecided	Margin
USA Today/Suffolk University	December 26–29, 2023	1000 (LV)	33.9%	37.2%	2.4%	9.5%	1.3%	–	3.9%	11.1%	Trump +3.3%
Daily Mail/J.L. Partners	December 15–20, 2023	984 (LV)	36%	40%	1%	4%	–	0%	8%	10%	Trump +4%
McLaughlin & Associates	December 13–19, 2023	1000 (LV)	34%	36%	2%	10%	3%	2%	–	13%	Trump +2%
Quinnipiac	December 14–18, 2023	1647 (RV)	36%	38%	3%	16%	–	3%	2%	3%	Trump +2%
Echelon Insights	December 12–16, 2023	1012 (LV)	36%	41%	1%	9%	–	1%	4% (Mark Cuban)	8%	Trump +5%
Harvard/Harris	December 13–14, 2023	2034 (RV)	33%	41%	2%	15%	–	2%	–	7%	Trump +8%
Fox News	December 10–13, 2023	1007 (RV)	37%	41%	2%	14%	–	3%	2%	2%	Trump +4%
Redfield & Wilton	December 8, 2023	1135 (LV)	38%	43%	–	9%	–	–	3%	7%	Trump +5%
Rasmussen	December 6–10, 2023	892 (LV)	32%	40%	–	16%	–	–	6%	6%	Trump +8%
Reuters/Ipsos	December 5–11, 2023	4411 (A)	31%	36%	–	16%	–	–	7% (I wouldn't vote)	10%	Trump +5%
Cygnal	December 5–7, 2023	2000 (LV)	41.9%	42.7%	–	9.3%	–	–	–	6.1%	Trump +0.8%
Cygnal	December 5–7, 2023	2000 (LV)	41.3%	41.0%	–	8.0%	3.3%	–	–	6.4%	Biden +0.3%
Emerson College	December 4–6, 2023	1000 (RV)	36.7%	43.4%	0.7%	6.5%	–	1.1%	–	11.5%	Trump +6.7%
CNN/SSRS	November 29 – December 6, 2023	1197 (RV)	31%	39%	6%	20%	–	–	2%	2%	Trump +8.0%
Wall Street Journal	November 29 – December 4, 2023	1500 (RV)	31%	37%	3%	8%	3%	2%	1% (Lars Mapstead)	14%	Trump +6.0%
Big Village	November 27 – December 3, 2023	2219 (LV)	36.3%	41.8%	2.8%	11.7%	–	–	1.4% (I would not vote)	5.9%	Trump +5.5%
I&I/Tipp	November 29 – December 1, 2023	1301 (RV)	33%	38%	2%	11%	–	2%	4%	10%	Trump +5.0%
Messenger/HarrisX	November 22–28, 2023	4003 (RV)	33%	41%	2%	13%	–	–	–	11%	Trump +8.0%
Emerson College	November 17–20, 2023	1475 (RV)	36%	42%	1%	7%	–	1%	–	13%	Trump +6.0%
McLaughlin & Associates	November 16–20, 2023	1000 (LV)	32%	36%	4%	12%	3%	2%	–	12%	Trump +4.0%
Messenger/HarrisX	November 15–19, 2023	3017 (RV)	33%	40%	2%	14%	–	–	–	11%	Trump +7.0%
Harvard/HarrisX	November 15–16, 2023	2851 (RV)	33%	41%	2%	16%	–	2%	–	6%	Trump +8.0%
Reuters/Ipsos	November 13–14, 2023	1006 (A)	30%	32%	–	20%	–	–	8% (I wouldn't vote)	10%	Trump +2.0%
Fox News	November 10–13, 2023	1001 (RV)	35%	40%	–	13%	5%	4%	–	2%	Trump +5.0%
Fox News	November 10–13, 2023	1001 (RV)	35%	41%	3%	15%	–	3%	2%	2%	Trump +6.0%
Quinnipiac	November 9–13, 2023	1574 (RV)	35%	38%	3%	17%	–	3%	1% (Wouldn't vote)	2%	Trump +3.0%
	November 9, 2023	Stein declares her Green Party candidacy
Rasmussen	November 8–12, 2023	987 (LV)	39%	38%	–	12%	–	–	–	11%	Biden +1.0%
Democracy Corps	November 5–11, 2023	500 (RV)	37%	45%	0%	9%	3% (Manchin-Hogan)	–	5%	–	Trump +8.0%
Big Village	October 30 – November 5, 2023	1497 (LV)	37.1%	40.1%	1.7%	12.4%	–	–	1.4%	7.3%	Trump +3%
New York Times/Siena	October 22 – November 3, 2023	3662 (LV)	34%	36%	–	22%	–	–	1%	5%	Trump +2%
I&I/TIPP	November 1–3, 2023	1242 (RV)	39%	37%	2%	9%	–	–	4%	8%	Biden +2%
CNN/SSRS	October 27 – November 2, 2023	1271 (RV)	35%	41%	4%	16%	–	–	2%	1%	Trump +6%
Cygnal	October 30 – November 1, 2023	2000 (LV)	40.4%	39.4%	–	11.9%	–	–	–	8.2%	Biden +1%
HarrisX/The Messenger	October 30 – November 1, 2023	2021 (RV)	36%	41%	2%	11%	–	–	–	10%	Trump +5%
American Pulse	October 27–30, 2023	568 (LV)	38.9%	39.3%	–	11.3%	–	–	2.6%	7.9%	Trump +.4%
Quinnipiac	October 26–30, 2023	1610 (RV)	36%	35%	6%	19%	–	–	2%	2%	Biden +1%
Redfield & Wilton	October 29, 2023	1183 (LV)	38%	40%	–	10%	–	–	3%	10%	Trump +2%
Echelon Insights	October 23–26, 2023	1029 (LV)	35%	38%	1%	12%	–	–	8% (No Labels party candidate)	7%	Trump +3%
McLaughlin & Associates	October 22–26, 2023	1000 (LV)	35%	38%	2%	12%	–	–	–	13%	Trump +3%
Abacus Data	October 24–25, 2023	1500 (RV)	39%	39%	–	8%	–	–	5%	10%	Even
SP&R	October 17–23, 2023	1000 (A)	47%	40%	–	6%	–	–	3%	4%	Biden +7%
HarrisX/The Messenger	October 16–23, 2023	3029 (RV)	35%	38%	2%	12%	–	–	–	12%	Trump +3%
USA Today/Suffolk	October 17–20, 2023	1000 (RV)	37%	36%	4%	13%	–	–	–	8%	Biden +1%
Harvard/HarrisX	October 18–19, 2023	2116 (RV)	31%	39%	3%	18%	–	–	–	9%	Trump +8%
LPTAD	October 16–19, 2023	1000 (LV)	35%	35%	3%	13%	–	–	–	12%	Even
YouGov/Yahoo	October 12–16, 2023	1122 (RV)	40%	39%	–	9%	–	–	2%	9%	Biden +1%
Zogby Analytics	October 13–15, 2023	869 (LV)	41.2%	42.6%	3.7%	12.5%	–	–	–	–	Trump +1.4%
MNA	October 11–17, 2023	3318 (LV)	36.9%	37.9%	–	14.2%	–	–	8.6%	2.4%	Trump +1%
NPR/PBS/Marist	October 10–11, 2023	1218 (RV)	44%	37%	–	16%	–	–	–	3%	Biden +7%
	October 9, 2023	Kennedy declares his Independent candidacy
Fox News	October 6–9, 2023	1007 (RV)	41%	41%	–	16%	–	–	2%	1%	Even
Fox News	October 6–9, 2023	1007 (RV)	43%	45%	9%	–	–	–	2%	2%	Trump +2%
Cygnal	October 3–5, 2023	3000 (LV)	38.8%	39.6%	–	12.3%	–	–	–	9.3%	Trump +0.8%
Reuters/Ipsos	October 3–4, 2023	1005 (A)	31%	33%	–	14%	–	–	9%	13%	Trump +2%
Echelon Insights	September 25–28, 2023	1011 (LV)	36%	40%	–	14%	–	–	–	10%	Trump +4%
John Zogby Strategies	September 23–24, 2023	1008 (LV)	38%	38%	–	19%	–	–	5%	–	Even
Mclaughlin & Associates	September 22–26, 2023	1000 (LV)	36%	40%	4%	–	6%	–	–	14%	Trump +4%
Mclaughlin & Associates	September 22–26, 2023	1000 (LV)	38%	43%	6%	–	–	–	–	13%	Trump +5%
Gravis	September 19–20, 2023	1262 (LV)	40%	41%	2%	–	–	–	4% (Lars Mapstead)	13% (Other or undecided)	Trump +1%
Emerson College	September 17–18, 2023	1125 (RV)	42%	43%	4%	–	–	–	–	11%	Trump +1%
YouGov	September 7–18, 2023	3098 (RV)	45%	43%	–	–	2%	–	5%	5%	Biden +2%
PRRI	August 25–30, 2023	2525 (RV)	41%	37%	5%	–	10%	–	–	6%	Biden +4%
PRRI	August 25–30, 2023	2525 (RV)	38%	43%	4%	–	–	–	10% (Larry Hogan)	7%	Trump +5%
Wall Street Journal	August 24–30, 2023	1500 (RV)	39%	40%	2%	–	–	–	1% (Lars Mapstead)	17%	Trump +1%
Emerson College	August 25–26, 2023	1000 (RV)	39%	44%	4%	–	–	–	–	13%	Trump +5%
Mclaughlin & Associates	August 15–23, 2023	1000 (LV)	41%	42%	6%	–	–	–	–	11%	Trump +1%
Mclaughlin & Associates	August 15–23, 2023	1000 (LV)	38%	39%	5%	–	7%	–	–	12%	Trump +1%
Emerson College	August 16–17, 2023	1000 (RV)	41%	42%	5%	–	–	–	–	13%	Trump +1%
McLaughlin & Associates	July 19–24, 2023	1000 (LV)	38%	40%	6%	–	5%	–	–	12%	Trump +2%
McLaughlin & Associates	July 19–24, 2023	1000 (LV)	40%	42%	5%	–	–	–	–	13%	Trump +2%
Reuters/Ipsos	July 11–17, 2023	4414 (A)	31%	31%	–	18%	–	–	9%	10%	Even
Echelon Insights	June 26–29, 2023	1020 (LV)	42%	43%	4%	–	–	–	–	11%	Trump +1%
Emerson College	June 19–20, 2023	1015 (RV)	40%	41%	6%	–	–	–	7%	6%	Trump +1%
	June 14, 2023	West declares his candidacy
Data For Progress	May 25 – June 5, 2023	1625 (LV)	44%	44%	–	–	–	–	6% (Larry Hogan)	7%	Even
Echelon Insights	May 22–25, 2023	1035 (LV)	41%	42%	–	–	9%	–	–	8%	Trump +1%
RMG Research	May 22–24, 2023	1000 (RV)	35%	37%	–	–	12%	–	4%	12%	Trump +2%

See also

• 2024 Republican Party presidential candidates
• 2024 Democratic Party presidential candidates
• 2024 United States presidential election
• Timeline of the 2024 United States presidential election

External links

• View all third party and independent candidates filed with the Federal Election Commission