Administrative geography of Bangladesh
| Subdivisions of Bangladesh বাংলাদেশের প্রশাসনিক অঞ্চল bāṁlādēśēra praśāsanika añcala | |||||||||||||||
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| Location | Bangladesh | ||||||||||||||
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Bangladesh is divided into 8 divisions (bibhag) and 64 districts (jela, zila, zela), although, these have only a limited role in public policy. For the purposes of local government, the country is divided into upazilas (sub-districts), "municipalities" or town councils (pourashova), city corporations (i.e. metropolitan municipal corporations) and union councils (i.e. rural councils). The diagram below outlines the five tiers of government in Bangladesh.
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| 8 Divisions | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 64 Districts ("zila") | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 495 Sub-Districts ("upazila") | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 4,571 Union Councils (Rural area) | 331 Municipalities (Towns) | 12 City Corporations (Metropolis) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Villages | Municipal Wards | City Wards | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Regions
[edit]
Northern Bengal
Southern Bengal
Central Bengal
Eastern Bengal
Traditionally, Bangladesh has been divided into four regions by the fertile Ganges-Brahmaputra delta;[2] formed by the confluence of the Ganges (local name Padma or Pôdda), Brahmaputra (Jamuna or Jomuna), and Meghna rivers and their various tributaries. These four regions are:
- Northern Bengal: comprising Rajshahi Division and Rangpur Division.[3]
- Eastern Bengal:[4] also known as eastern Bangladesh, comprising Chittagong Division,[5] Sylhet Division[6] and proposed Comilla Division,[7] known for the Surma-Meghna River System.[8]
- Central Bengal: also known as Central Bengal Region,[4] comprising Mymensingh Division and Dhaka Division, excluding proposed Faridpur Division.[9]
- Southern Bengal: comprising Barisal Division, Khulna Division and proposed Faridpur Division.[10]
Divisions
[edit]
Bangladesh is divided into eight major administrative divisions. Each division is named after the major city within its jurisdiction that serves as the administrative capital of that division:
Proposed divisions
- Cumilla Division – proposed to consist six northwestern districts of the existing Chittagong Division.
- Faridpur Division – proposed to consist five southern districts of the existing Dhaka Division.
Districts
[edit]
The divisions are divided into 64 districts.[11] Each district is run by a Deputy Commissioner (popularly abbreviated to "DC") who is appointed by the government from a Deputy secretary of BCS Administration Cadre.
| Division | Districts | Name of Districts |
|---|---|---|
| Barishal | 6 | Barguna, Barishal, Bhola, Jhalokati, Patuakhali, Pirojpur |
| Chattogram | 11 | Bandarban, Brahmanbaria, Chandpur, Chattogram, Cumilla, Cox's Bazar, Feni, Khagrachari, Lakshmipur, Noakhali, Rangamati |
| Dhaka | 13 | Dhaka, Faridpur, Gazipur, Gopalganj, Kishoreganj, Madaripur, Manikganj, Munshiganj, Narayanganj, Narsingdi, Rajbari, Shariatpur, Tangail |
| Khulna | 10 | Bagerhat, Chuadanga, Jashore, Jhenaidah, Khulna, Kushtia, Magura, Meherpur, Narail, Satkhira |
| Mymensingh | 4 | Jamalpur, Mymensingh, Netrokona, Sherpur |
| Rajshahi | 8 | Bogura, Jaipurhat, Naogaon, Natore, Nawabganj, Pabna, Rajshahi, Sirajganj |
| Rangpur | 8 | Dinajpur, Gaibandha, Kurigram, Lalmonirhat, Nilphamari, Panchagarh, Rangpur, Thakurgaon |
| Sylhet | 4 | Habiganj, Moulvibazar, Sunamganj, Sylhet |
Upazilas
[edit]
The districts are divided into sub-districts called upazilas. Upazilas are similar to the county subdivisions found in some Western countries.[citation needed] Bangladesh has 495 upazilas (as of 31 August 2021).[12][13][14] The upazilas are the second lowest tier of regional administration in Bangladesh. Like India, City corporations do not fit neatly into upazilas, despite some deemed as "sadar", indicating urban characteristics.
Upazilas were formerly known as thana which literally means police station. Despite the meaning, thanas functioned much as an administrative and geographic region, much as today's upazilas. In 1982 thanas were re-termed to as upazilas with provisions for semi-autonomous local governance. This system was reverted to the thana system in 1992. Later in 1999, geographic regions under administrations of thanas were converted into upazilas.[15] All administrative terms in this level were renamed from thana to upazila. For instance, Thana Nirbahi Officer (lit. Thana Executive Officer) was renamed to upazila Nirbahi Officer (lit. Upazila Executive Officer). The word thana is now used to solely refer to police stations. Generally, there is one police station for each upazila; but larger administrative units may have more than one police station covering different regions.
The upazila is administered by Upazila Nirbahi Officer (UNO) and upazila parishad. UNOs are Senior Assistant Secretary of Bangladesh Civil Service (BCS). Each upazila parishad (or council) has a chairman, a vice-chairman and a woman vice-chairman. All three are elected through direct popular election.
The sub-districts are further subdivided into 4,571 Rural Councils and 330 Town Councils or Paurasabha or Municipality.
Rural blocks, cities and towns
[edit]City corporations
[edit]The cities with a city corporation, having mayoral elections, include Dhaka South, Dhaka North, Chittagong, Khulna, Sylhet, Rajshahi, Barisal, Rangpur, Comilla, Narayanganj, Mymensingh and Gazipur. The city corporation are divided into wards, which are further divided into mahallas. Direct elections are held for each ward, electing a councillor. The city mayors are elected for a span of five years.
Municipal corporations
[edit]In the metropolitan areas, excluding the cities with city corporations, have municipal corporations, also known as Paurasabha. Paurasabhas are divided into wards, which are further divided into Mauzas and Mahallas. Direct elections are held for each ward, electing a chairperson and a number of members. The municipal heads are elected for a span of five years.
Union councils
[edit]Union councils (or union parishads or unions) are the smallest rural administrative and local government units in Bangladesh.[16] Each Union is made up of nine Wards. Usually one village is designated as a Ward. There are 4,571 Unions in Bangladesh.[1] A Union Council consists of a chairman and twelve members including three members exclusively reserved for women. Union Parishads are formed under the Local Government (Union Parishads) Act, 2009.[17] The boundary of each Union is demarcated by the Deputy Commissioner of the District. A Union Council is the body primarily responsible for agricultural, industrial and community development within the local limits of the union.
Lowest level elective units
[edit]Rural villages
[edit]City and municipal wards
[edit]Non–elective ceremonial units
[edit]Mahallas
[edit]Mouzas
[edit]Historical administrative divisions
[edit]See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ a b "Bangladesh National Portal". bangladesh.gov.bd. Archived from the original on 1 July 2014. Retrieved 22 June 2014.
- ^ Khan, Showkat Hayat (1999). United They Survive: Redistribution, Leadership, and Human Services Delivery in Rural Bangladesh. Lexington Books. ISBN 978-0-7391-0050-9.
- ^ Safety and security in North Bengal, Bangladesh (PDF). Bangladesh Enterprise Institute, and Saferworld, UK. March 2012. ISBN 978-1-904833-87-1. Archived (PDF) from the original on 25 January 2018. Retrieved 24 January 2018.
- ^ a b Haque, C. E. (2012). Hazards in a Fickle Environment: Bangladesh. Springer Science & Business Media. ISBN 978-94-011-5155-9.
- ^ "Missionaries, martyrs and 500 years of faith in Bangladesh - La Croix International". La Croix. August 2019. Archived from the original on 20 February 2019. Retrieved 19 February 2019.
- ^ "Elephants in a reserve forest along India-Bangladesh border struggle for survival". Mongabay-India. 19 February 2019. Archived from the original on 24 February 2020. Retrieved 24 February 2020.
- ^ "13 dead as truck crashes into workers' huts in Bangladesh". News24. 25 January 2019. Archived from the original on 20 February 2019. Retrieved 19 February 2019.
- ^ "Bangladesh sets sights on recruitment brokers to curb abuse, trafficking". The Daily Star. 12 February 2019. Archived from the original on 20 February 2019. Retrieved 19 February 2019.
- ^ Khan, Akbar Ali (1996). Discovery of Bangladesh: Explorations into dynamics of a hidden nation. University Press Limited. ISBN 978-984-05-1371-0.
- ^ Das, Tulshi Kumar (29 December 2017). Social Structure and Cultural Practices in Slums: A Study of Slums in Dhaka City. Northern Book Centre. ISBN 978-81-7211-110-6.
- ^ "District List". Bangladesh National Portal. Archived from the original on 9 March 2022. Retrieved 19 March 2022.
- ^ "Govt to form 3 new upazilas in three districts". The Daily Star. UNB. 27 July 2021. Archived from the original on 30 August 2021. Retrieved 30 August 2021.
- ^ "upazila List". Bangladesh National Portal. Archived from the original on 10 July 2019. Retrieved 16 July 2017.
- ^ "New upazila to be formed in Comilla". NTV (Bangladesh). 9 January 2017. Archived from the original on 16 April 2021. Retrieved 20 June 2017.
- ^ Ali, First=AMM Shawkat (2012). "Thana". In Sirajul Islam and Ahmed A Jamal (ed.). Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh (Second ed.). Asiatic Society of Bangladesh. Archived from the original on 15 December 2017. Retrieved 16 July 2017.
- ^ Khan, Dr. Mohammad Mohabbat. "Functioning of Local Government (Union Parishad): Legal and Practical Constraints" (PDF). Democracywatch. Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 April 2018. Retrieved 24 March 2012.
- ^ "Local Government (Union Parishads) Act, 2009 (in Bangla)". Bangladesh Code. Ministry of Law, Government of Bangladesh. Archived from the original on 21 January 2014. Retrieved 18 October 2014.
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| Lowest level units | ||
