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List of statues of Vladimir Lenin

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Vladimir Lenin's signature

This article is a list of current and former known monuments of Vladimir Lenin. Many of the monuments in former Soviet republics and people's republics were removed after the fall of the Soviet Union, with Lithuania, Poland, Latvia, Estonia and Ukraine being the most proactive. However, some ex-Soviet countries like Russia, Belarus and Kyrgyzstan retained the thousands of Lenin statues that were erected during the Soviet period.[1][2]

Important regions and capital cities are highlighted in bold.

Africa

[edit]
Country Location Installed Removed Notes
Ethiopia Africa Park, Addis Ababa October 1983 1991 The first Lenin statue in Africa, this monument was constructed in October 1983.[3] The statue was toppled with the fall of the Derg government in 1991.[4]
Mauritius Port Louis 1972 No [5]

Americas

[edit]
Lenin on top of building, East Village, New York City
Country Location Installed Removed Notes
Canada Richmond, BC 2008 2011 A small statue of Mao Zedong on top of a large stainless steel Lenin bust. Displayed in Richmond from 2008 to 2011.[6][7]
Cuba Havana ? ? Monumento a Lenin, in Parque Lenin.
? ? Colina Lenin in Regla.
Santa Cruz del Norte ? ? In a petroleum plant.
Holguin ? ? In Vladimir Lenin Hospital.
United States Las Vegas ? 2019 Outside Red Square Restaurant, Mandalay Bay Hotel. Removed in 2019 when restaurant closed.
New York City 1994 ? The East Village Lenin Statue, on top of the Red Square apartment building, E. Houston St. in the East Village.[8] Moved to Norfolk St. in 2016, half-block south.[9]
Seattle 1995 No Fremont neighborhood; see Statue of Lenin (Seattle).
ACE Gallery Los Angeles ? 2017 There was a large metallic bust of Lenin on display at the corner of La Brea Avenue and 4th Street.
Hutchinson, Kansas ? ? Inside the Soviet wing of the Cosmosphere.
Willimantic, Connecticut ? ? Hidden in a scrapyard to avoid vandalism.[10]
Venezuela Caracas November 13, 2017 No Lenin bust, unveiled at 100th anniversary of Bolshevik Revolution.[11]

Antarctica

[edit]
Country Location Installed Removed Notes
Antarctica Pole of Inaccessibility December 1958 No Plastic bust left by Soviet scientists in December 1958.[12]

The golden bust of Lenin still stands as of 2024.[13]

Asia

[edit]
In Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia; removed on October 14, 2012[14]
In Kolkata, India
Country Location Installed Removed Notes
Armenia Republic Square, Yerevan November 24, 1940 April 13, 1991 Since being taken down it has been stored in the courtyard of the National Art Gallery behind Republic Square, with the head detached.
Vanadzor ? ? What is said to be the first-ever statue of Lenin is still standing in the Arbanyak Soviet Camp outside of Vanadzor. It was erected during his lifetime.[15]
Amasia 1985 ? Near Gyumri (the former Leninakan). Built in 1985 and kept in Amasia ever since.[16]
Arin c. 1991 No Built in 1947, moved to Arin after the dissolution of the USSR.[17]
Azerbaijan Baku ? c. 1990 The central monument was in front of the Government House, but was removed during the mass uprisings of 1990.
China Dongcheng District, Beijing ? No Wax statue[18]
India Kolkata <1972 No At the mouth of Lenin Sarani in Esplanade, Jadavpur 8B bus stand.[19]
Vijayawada 1987 No [20]
Nehru Park, Delhi, Chanakyapuri November 1, 1987 No A life-size statue was erected on November 1, 1987, during the 70th anniversary of the October Revolution. It was unveiled by then Soviet Premier Nikolai Ryzhkov, Indian Prime-minister Rajiv Gandhi and his wife Sonia Gandhi. Every year on April 22 members of the Communist Party of India and other Left-oriented political parties visit the place to commemorate Lenin's birthday.[21]
AKG Bhawan, New Delhi 2010 ? A large bust of Lenin is located in the headquarters of the Communist Party of India in New Delhi. The white bust is installed right in front of the bust of A. K. Gopalan. The bust was a gift from the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. Before its final installation in the year 2010 it remained isolated in the Headquarters' backyard for several years.
Belonia, Tripura 2013 March 5, 2018 A statue of Lenin was installed at Cege Square in 2013. Within days of winning the 2018 Tripura Legislative Assembly election, supporters of the Bharatiya Janata Party bulldozed the statue.[22]
Sabroom, Tripura ? 2018 Another such statue was erected by the Communist Party of India – ruled state until their electoral defeat by the Bharatiya Janata Party in 2018, when it was razed to the ground by supporters of the party.[23]
Katwa, West Bengal ? ? Red Ink thrown at the statue in 2019.[24]
Kalyani, West Bengal ? ? Bust exists on main crossing.
Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu ? ? Tallest Lenin statue in India located outside the local CPI(M) office.[25]
Kazakhstan Baikonur ? ? Located in the central square of the city.
Almaty November 7, 1957 (Astana Square)
1997 (Sary-Arka square)		 1997 (Astana Square) Formerly located in Astana square (formerly:Vladimir Lenin square),changed to locate at Sary-Arka square
Karaganda ? ?
Kokshetau ? ?
Semey ? ?
Kyrgyzstan Multiple places ? ? Nearly every city and village in the country has a Lenin statue, usually located in the central square.
Bishkek ? ? Removed from the central square and now located behind the State Historical Museum.
Osh ? ?
Karakol ? ?
Kochkor ? ?
Mongolia Ulaanbaatar ? October 14, 2012 In front of Ulaanbaatar Hotel and in close proximity to the Mongolian People's Party headquarters. In a speech during the removal ceremony, Mayor Erdeniin Bat-Üül denounced Lenin and his fellow communists as "murderers".[14]
Tajikistan Dushanbe ? ? The monument in central Freedom Square was replaced by a monument of Ismoil Somoni, while a second in Central Park was removed and replaced by a statue of Rudaki, Khujand, Nurak, Faizobod.[citation needed]
Istaravshan ? ?
Khojand ? ?
Khorog ? ?
Murghab ? ?
Panjakent ? ?
Turkmenistan Ashgabat 1927 ? Erected in 1927 in the heart of the city.
Uzbekistan Tashkent ? 1991 Dismantled in 1991, replaced with a globe, featuring a geographic map of Uzbekistan.
Vietnam Hanoi August 20, 1985 No Dien Bien Phu Street, adjacent to the Vietnamese Army museum. A 5.2m high bronze statue donated by the Soviet Government with the image of Lenin in a walking posture, placed on a 2.7m high granite pedestal.[26]
North Korea Pyongyang ? ? In the Workers' Party of Korea Founding Museum.
? ? Russia-DPRK Embassy
Hamhung ? ? Soviet war memorial

Europe

[edit]

Belarus

[edit]

Bulgaria

[edit]

Czech Republic

[edit]
  • Vítězné náměstí (formerly náměstí Říjnové Revoluce) – in the Dejvice quarter of Prague, pulled down in 1990; a war memorial now stands on the site[29]
  • Karlovy Vary – Theatre Square (formerly Lenin Square), pulled down in 1990.
  • Cheb – Built in 1979, it was located in front of Cheb railway station until 1990, it is now located at the garden of the Franciscan Monastery[30]

Denmark

[edit]

Estonia

[edit]
  • Jõhvi – 1953–1991, sculptors Enn Roos, Arseni Mölder, Signe Mölder[31]
  • Kohtla-Järve – 1950–1992, copy of statue in Jõhvi
  • Kallaste – 1988–19??
  • Narva – 1957–1993, sculptor Olav Männi (21/12/1993-21/12/2022 statue present inside Narva Castle)
  • Pärnu
    • 1950s–1981
    • 1981–1990, sculptor Matti Varik created a replica of a monument built in Kotka in 1979
  • Tallinn – 1950–1991, sculptor Nikolai Tomsky
  • Tartu
    • 1949–1952 sitting Lenin (ferroconcrete), sculptor Sergey Merkurov
    • 1952–1990 standing Lenin bronze, height 3.5 m, weight 3.5 tons; sculptors August Vomm, Garibald Pommer, Ferdi Sannamaes[31]

Finland

[edit]

France

[edit]

Georgia

[edit]

Germany

[edit]
Erected in 2020 outside HQ of Marxist–Leninist Party of Germany, Gelsenkirchen
  • Berlin – Lenin Monument, created in 1970 by Nikolai Tomsky in granite, 19 m, at Leninplatz, removed in 1992 and buried outside Berlin. The statue's head was found in 2015 and restored and put on display as part of an exhibition on Berlin's monuments in Spandau Citadel, Berlin.[34]
    • One statue of Lenin (approximately 2:1) stood in Kreuzberg (West Berlin) in the yard of a removal company, before being moved to the front of the company's new main building in the district of Neukölln (also West Berlin) in September 2016.
  • Gelsenkirchen – A 3-metre statue revealed in 2020, The 1st to ever be erected in West Germany.[35]
  • Nohra – restored stone statue at the site of the former Soviet airbase.[36]
  • Potsdam – Bust of Lenin, originally at a Soviet Army base, it was placed in the Volkspark for an exhibition in 1994 and was subsequently moved to one of the main entrances where it is used as a children's climbing feature.[37]
  • Riesa – Statue of Lenin moved from former Lenin Square in 1991 into a park nearby Soviet war graves. Renovated in 2022.[38]
    Leninplatz, East Berlin, Germany (removed in 1992)
  • Schwerin – Statue of Lenin, made by the Estonian sculptor Jaak Soans and inaugurated on June 22, 1985. Even nowadays this monument is still causing heated debates among politicians, citizen and historians, who, divided in supporters and detractors, continue arguing about its future.[39]
  • Wittstock – a neglected statue outside the derelict cultural centre at the abandoned Soviet military base.[40]
  • Wünsdorf (Zossen) – two large statues and a bronze head of Lenin survive at the former Soviet army complex.[41]
  • Zeithain – a 2-metre statue at the former Soviet Army training ground.[42]

Greece

[edit]
Created by Memos Makris, 1986
Bust of Vladimir Lenin in CPG Headquarters in Perissos, Athens

Hungary

[edit]
  • Budapest – created in 1965 by Pál Pátzay, in City Park. In 1989, the huge statue was lifted off its red granite pedestal (later demolished), and carried away "for restoration"; in 1991, it was moved to Memento Park. Until 2021 Timewheel was standing on the former site.[44]
  • Before 1990, every county seat and industrial town had their Lenin statues. Many smaller settlements had their own, too. In 1990 or shortly afterwards, all Lenins were quickly removed.

Italy

[edit]
Lenin's bust in Cavriago, Italy

Latvia

[edit]
Lenin's head in Jelgava, Latvia (2013)
  • Cēsis – statue unveiled on November 7, 1959, sculptor Karlis Jansons; removed on October 17, 1990
  • Riga – removed on August 25, 1991.

Lithuania

[edit]

All statues were taken down in 1991 or soon after, most eventually winding up in Grutas Park. They were erected during the Soviet period and stood, among other places, in Vilnius (at least two statues, one of them together with Lithuanian communist leader Kapsukas), Kaunas, Klaipėda, Šiauliai, Jonava, Druskininkai, and Jurbarkas (the Jurbarkas Lenin is now part of an installation in Europos Parkas park in Vilnius).

Moldova

[edit]
The statue behind a podium during a ceremony in 1976 in Chișinău (then Kishinev)
  • Chișinău – at the Moldexpo site
  • Edineț – Inside the city park
  • In the centre (statue) and on the outskirts (bust, near Rompetrol gas station) of Comrat, in the autonomous region of Gagauzia
  • Transnistria
    • Tiraspol – outside the Parliament, the City Soviet building and the Historical Museum
    • Rîbnița – main square
    • Bender – opposite the Gorky Cinema & on Moskovskaya Street
    • Parcani – on Gogol Street
    • Dnestrovsc – Two busts
    • Various other towns and villages in Transnistria have Lenin busts and statues in their centres

Netherlands

[edit]
  • Enschede – in front of the TwentseWelle Museum. It was placed in the context of an exhibition about the GDR.[45]
  • Zuidbroek – originally in front of a burnt down warehouse in the middle of nowhere. Moved to the village of Tjuchem in late 2023, where it stands at the village's entrance.

Norway

[edit]

Poland

[edit]
Statue in the basement of the Polish United Workers Party's House in Warsaw, 2011
Statue in Poronin, near Lenin's Museum, 1960s
Statue in the museum in Kozłówka, moved from Poronin, 2008

In 1939–1941, after the attack of the Red Army, statues of Lenin were in: Sokółka,[90] Augustów, Kolno, Suwałki, Białystok (pulled down in June 1941), Łomża, Choroszcz (3x),[91] Brańsk, Bielsk Podlaski, Jedwabne,[92][93] Siemiatycze,[94] Śniadowo, Czyżewo (pulled down July 5, 1941),[95] Zaręby Kościelne,[96] Zambrów,[97] Przemyśl, Lubaczów, Łapy, Zabłudów[98] etc.

Romania

[edit]

Russia

[edit]
Statue of Lenin in Murom
Statue of Lenin in Saint Petersburg
Памятник В.И.Ленину на коленях
Памятник В.И.Ленину на коленях авторская скульптура для композиции "Страшный суд", в Волгоградской области. V.I. Lenin on his knees

Out of 7,000 Lenin statues as of 1991, Russia retained the vast majority. As of 2022, there are approximately 6,000 monuments to Lenin in Russia.[1]

  • Akhtubinsk – a monument installed in the town center, V.I. Lenin Square
  • Almetyevsk – a monument installed in the center of the city on Lenin Square
  • Arzamas – two monuments in the city, in the Cathedral Square and Peace Square
  • Arkhangelsk – A monument on the central square is the last major Lenin monument to be erected in the Soviet Union, in 1988. Others stand in Solombala on the Square, Terekhina on the street, and Gagarin in the yard.
  • Astrakhan – monument installed in the square, V.I. Lenin Square
  • Bakhchysarai (disputed Crimea)
  • Balakovo – Saratov region, two monuments
  • Barnaul – three on the main avenue, and one in Upland Park. Because of the drapery which is present in the composition of the monument near the street Anatolia, a Lonely Planet guide to Russia has called the monument "Lenin Toreador".
  • Belgorod – at Cathedral Square (Soviet-era Revolution Square), in Lenin Park, near the now-current cinema "Falcon", and a bust in the Belgorod Dairy Plant (BMP)
  • Berezniki – Lenin Square (about Palace of Culture, Lenin)
  • Bogoroditsk – town center
  • Boksitogorsk – central square (Lenin Square)
  • Dubna – 25 m, the second tallest; 15 m statue on a 10 m pedestal
  • Dedovsk – a small monument is located opposite the branch of RSCU in the street of Gagarin
  • Dimitrovgrad – the town square – the square of the Soviets. A bust is located within the NCC, Slavsky.
  • Dmitry – installed in the central square of the historic district
  • Dubna – the world's second largest statue of Lenin lies in the vicinity of the "Big Volga". Sculptor S.D. Merkurov, height 25 m (with pedestal 37 m), weight 540 tons. The monument was erected in 1937 on the banks of the Volga near the beginning of the Moscow Canal. On the other bank was a monument to Stalin. After Stalin's death, the monument was blown up in 1961, but the pedestal remained.
  • Dudinka – monument in front of the House of Culture
  • Dyatkovo – on Lenin Square in the town center, next to buildings authorities
  • Dzerzhinsk – in Lenin Square. The authors of the improvement and development area are the architects Androsova GD and Sinyavsky EA. Sculptor Nelyubin BS; opened for the 100th anniversary of Vladimir Lenin in 1970.
  • Ekaterinburg – main monument in front of City Hall in Lenin Square and the Square of 1905; secondary monuments placed at the entrance of the Sverdlovsk Tools Factory Street
  • Gelendzhik – monument near the boarding house "Caucasus", st. Mayachnaya
    • The working village Settlement on Lenin Street has a monument, built in contemporary Russia (established November 7,
    • 2006). Sculptor V. Fetisov
  • Irkutsk
    • monument at the crossing of streets Karl Marx and Lenin
    • bust on Karl Marx street, in front of a shopping center
  • Izhevsk – monument established in 1958 at the National Library of the Udmurt Republic, sculptor PP Yatsynova and architect LN Kulaga, in bronze and granite
  • Ishimbay – 1966, the square on the street gutter
  • Kazan
    • monument standing 1930–1951, in the square and then park in the former Theatre (now Liberty) Square
    • the new statue with bleachers installed in 1954 at what was then the main Freedom Square
    • monument to young Vladimir Ulyanov (like Moscow) set in 1954 at University Park on the street Kremlin
    • a statue of Lenin stands in front of the Lenin House of Culture in Sotsgorod
  • Kaliningrad – major monument to Lenin by the sculptor VB Topuridze installed at Victory Square in 1958. In 2005, during the reconstruction of the area, the monument was removed allegedly temporarily, for the restoration, but after the reconstruction the monument was not returned. Mayor of Kaliningrad Yury Savenko put forward the idea of creating the city's Lenin Square, where he could transfer the monument.
  • Kaluga – statue in front of the regional administration in the area of old trades that previously had the name Lenin
  • Kamensk Shakhtinsky – a monument to Lenin in Kamensk Shakhtinsky square, at the intersection of the Avenue of Karl Marx and Pushkin Street, next to the district council Kamensky district, Rostov region
  • Kemerovo – Lenin monument in the Square of the Soviets. One night in 1993 local businessmen made an unsuccessful attempt to demolish the monument.
  • Prokopyevsk – statue was destroyed by a drunk man attempting to take a selfie
  • Kimry – a monument placed in the town center
  • Kirov – Theatre Square, XX Party Congress
  • Kolomna – monument installed in the center of the square of the two revolutions
  • Krasnodar
Revolution Square Krasnoyarsk
    • The main urban monument to Lenin, sculptor P. Sabsay, architect A Giants, opened in 1956 on the square in front of the Communist Party Regional Committee (now the Legislative Assembly of Krasnodar Region – KYC), according to government decree of the RSFSR.
    • The oldest statue of Lenin in Krasnodar (sculptor K. Dietrich) is in the park to VI Lenin, on the street Vishnyakova. The monument was built in 1925, a year after the death of the Soviet leader.
  • Krasnoturinsk – monument installed in front of the city administration in the city centre
  • Krasnoyarsk – statue on Revolution Square in the city centre
  • Krasnoznamensk (Moscow region) – set before the House of Culture (house of the garrison officers)
  • Kursk – monument installed in front of the city administration in the city centre
  • Lodeynoye Pole – Statue in front of train station
  • Moscow – There are over 82 Lenin monuments in Moscow,[99][100] including:
  • Noginsk – the oldest statue erected in 1924
  • Murom
  • Omsk – statue on Lenin Street and bust on Bohdan Khmelnytsky Street
  • Pokhvistnevo – statue is standing near the Culture Palace
  • Pospelikha, Altai Krai – statue is standing near Pospelikhinskaya Makaronnaya Fabrika on Sovetskaya Street. It is notably similar to the statue of Lenin on Burakova Street in Moscow.
  • Pskov – statue is standing near the House of Soviets
  • Saint-Petersburg – Statue of Lenin at Finland Station: Lenin giving a speech from an armored car monument is present in the city on Ploshchad Lenina (Lenin Square) next to Finland Railway Station
  • Samara – Statue of Lenin on Ploshchad Revolyutsii (Revolution Square) in the old part of the city.
  • Sevastopol (disputed Crimea)
  • Simferopol (capital of disputed Crimea)
  • Tambov – Lenin statue in Lenin Square, in the centre of the city.
  • Tyumen – statue in Central Square
  • Ulan Ude – biggest head of Lenin in the world, in front of Buryatia government building
  • Veliky Novgorod – two monuments: in the Sofia area (established in April 1928, lost by war, restored in 1958) and in Street Trading Ivanskoy side
  • Vladikavkaz (sculptor ZI Azgur, architect G. Zakharov) is open on Lenin Square in front of the Russian Drama Theatre. Vakhtangov in 1957. In 1993, twice blown up and subsequently restored.
  • Volgograd (the supposedly tallest statue, with a height of 27 meters).now in five sites:
    • "Great Lenin" – Liberty Square (the intersection of Victory Avenue and the streets of the World)
    • "Little Lenin" – the Children's park named after Alexander Pushkin.
    • A monument in the main building of the Volgograd State Technical University.
    • 2 monuments in car-repair factory.
    • Lenin monument at the entrance of the Volga-Don channel – set in the Krasnoarmeysk area (height pedestal) – 30 meters, the sculpture – 27 meters. Sculptor – EV Vucetich. Earlier, on the same pedestal, there was a monument to Stalin.
    • In the central region on Lenin Square on the 90th anniversary of the monument to Lenin. Sculptor – EV Vucetich.
    • In the central region, in the park opposite the building of regional administration.
    • The Post Office building is a statue of Lenin.
    • V.I. Lenin on his knees
  • Volga:
    • Monument to Lenin Square.
  • Vyborg:
    • A monument in the town square – Red (set in 1957)
    • The bust in the house-museum of Lenin
  • Yakutsk – Lenin statue in Lenin Square, in the centre of the city.
  • Yalta (disputed Crimea)
  • Yefremov – a park near the city administration. Also in the park near the police building.
  • Zheleznogorsk (Krasnoyarsk region) – Lenin Square opposite the Palace of Culture. There was also the now dismantled joint statue of Lenin and Stalin.

Slovakia

[edit]
Statue of Lenin in Košice

Spain

[edit]
  • Bust at Otxarkoaga district of Bilbao, erected without approval from the authorities.

Sweden

[edit]
  • Vittsjö, a small town in southern Sweden.[104] The statue is privately owned by Calevi Hämäläinen.

United Kingdom

[edit]
The bust of Lenin by Lubetkin, displayed in Islington Museum
  • London, Islington Museum – 245 St John Street, Islington. Bust by Berthold Lubetkin commissioned by the UK Government during the war in tribute to the efforts of the Soviet Union. It was placed in Holford Square (briefly Lenin's home when he lived in London) and unveiled in 1942. It was a supposed focal point of a new housing development to be named 'Lenin Court' although the choice of Lenin proved unpopular with the local community and the bust was frequently daubed with anti-communist slogans. Lubetkin had the bust removed and when the housing development was completed in the late 1940s, it was renamed 'Bevin Court'. The bust was displayed in Islington Town Hall for many years and is now on permanent display in the museum.
  • RAF Museum Cosford – In the national cold War exhibition. A Statue of Lenin holding a gift bag is used as a focal point for the museum's gift shop.[105]
  • Belfast – The Kremlin Bar, a gay bar, has a statue of Lenin welcoming partygoers over the main entrance.[106]

Ukraine

[edit]
Kyiv, Ukraine. The Lenin statue was toppled and dismantled on December 8, 2013, during the Euromaidan
Main articles: List of Communist monuments in Ukraine, Fall of the monument to Lenin in Kyiv, Decommunization in Ukraine, and Demolition of monuments to Vladimir Lenin in Ukraine

In 1991 Ukraine had 5,500 Lenin monuments.[107]

Before Ukraine's Euromaidan, Lenin monuments and other Soviet-era monuments were already being removed.[108][109] However, in 2008, the 139th anniversary of Lenin, two new Lenin monuments were erected in Luhansk Oblast (now occupied by Russia).[110]

Following the 2014 Revolution of Dignity in Ukraine, more than 500 statues of Lenin were dismantled between February 2014 and April 2015, after which nearly 1,700 remained standing.[citation needed] On May 15, 2015, President of Ukraine Petro Poroshenko signed a bill into law that set a six-month deadline for the removal of the country's communist monuments.[111] By December 2015, 1,300 Lenin monuments were still standing (in Ukraine).[107]

In April 2015, a formal decommunization process started in Ukraine after laws were approved which, among other acts, outlawed communist symbols.[112]

During the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, many of these statues of Lenin, which had been taken down by Ukrainian activists, were re-erected by occupying Russian forces and Ukrainian collaborators in Russian-controlled areas.[113][114][115][116]

In May 2016 Dnipropetrovsk was itself officially renamed to Dnipro to comply with decommunization laws.[130]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b "Relics of the Soviet era remain in Russia". January 23, 2012.
  2. ^ "Ukraine has removed all 1,320 statues of Lenin". Independent.co.uk. August 20, 2017.
  3. ^ Patman, Robert G. The Soviet Union in the Horn of Africa: The Diplomacy of Intervention and Disengagement. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009. p. 267
  4. ^ "Lenin Statue Takes a Tumble After Dictator's Ouster". Los Angeles Times. May 24, 1991. Archived from the original on December 9, 2015.
  5. ^ Friendship with Nations of Africa (1979)
  6. ^ "Art sculpture in Richmond sparks debate". CTV News. December 28, 2009.
  7. ^ Campbell, Allan (January 15, 2021). "Richmond's Lenin/Miss Mao is back in Vancouver...and needing new home again". Richmond News.
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  10. ^ "Opinion | He Stands Tall in Willimantic". The New York Times. February 12, 1994.
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  13. ^ "This man accidentally discovers Soviet base below Antarctica ice".
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  15. ^ "30 Incredible Things to do in Vanadzor (And Nearby!)". AbsoluteArmenia. March 5, 2021. Retrieved June 20, 2021.
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  17. ^ Starr, Megan (February 1, 2022). "On the Lookout for Lenin in Arin Village (Vayots Dzor)". Absolute Armenia.
  18. ^ "Lenin Lives On", Global Times, 2013
  19. ^ Roy, Sandip (March 11, 2018). "Lenin Babu Still Lives in Dharmatala". The Indian Express.
  20. ^ "Lenin Centre, a paradise lost for Communists". The Hans India. February 1, 2017.
  21. ^ "Comrade Lenin Remembered". Archived from the original on February 6, 2012. Retrieved April 28, 2012.
  22. ^ "Tripura BJP supporters bulldoze Lenin statue amid cries of 'Bharat Mata ki jai'". The Indian Express. March 6, 2018. Retrieved March 6, 2018.
  23. ^ Barman, Priyanka Deb (March 6, 2018). "Tripura: Two Lenin statues toppled amid violence, BJP-CPM in blame game". Hindustan Times. Retrieved April 21, 2020.
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  26. ^ "Tượng đài ở Hà Nội (tiếp theo)". December 31, 2011.
  27. ^ "Land of Lost Lenins". Vagabond. July 31, 2017. Retrieved April 9, 2020.[permanent dead link‍]
  28. ^ "Bulgaria Removes Giant Statue of Lenin". LA Times. January 19, 1991. Retrieved October 1, 2014.
  29. ^ "Statuary – a set on Flickr". Flickr. November 12, 2010. Retrieved October 2, 2014.
  30. ^ "Pomník V. I. Lenina". Retrieved September 4, 2021.
  31. ^ a b Kai Aus (2010). "Maailmakultuuri ja ajaloo suurkujude mälestusmärgid Eestis" (PDF) (in Estonian). Archived from the original (PDF) on April 6, 2014. Retrieved September 8, 2011.
  32. ^ Tanner, Jari (October 6, 2022). "Finnish City Removes Last Statue of Lenin". Public Opinion. Chambersburg, PA. p. A2. Retrieved November 14, 2024 – via Newspapers.com. Open access icon
  33. ^ "Finland's last Lenin monument removed from streets of southern city". YLE. June 14, 2022. Retrieved June 14, 2022.
  34. ^ Huggler, Justin (July 23, 2015). "Lenin statue's head dug up and returned to Berlin" – via www.telegraph.co.uk.
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Further reading

[edit]
  • Tumarkin, Nina. Lenin Lives!: The Lenin Cult in Soviet Russia (Harvard University Press, 1983).
  • Joffre-Eichhorn, Hjalmar Jorge; Anderson, Patrick and Johann Salazar (eds.). Lenin150 (Samizdat) (KickAss Books, 2020; 2nd, expanded edition: Daraja Press, 2021).
[edit]
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