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Srbobran

Coordinates: 45°32′N 19°47′E / 45.533°N 19.783°E / 45.533; 19.783
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Srbobran
Србобран (Serbian)
Szenttamás (Hungarian)
Sentomaš
Town and municipality
Srbobran
Coat of arms of Srbobran
Coat of arms
Location of the municipality of Srbobran within Serbia
Location of the municipality of Srbobran within Serbia
Coordinates: 45°32′N 19°47′E / 45.533°N 19.783°E / 45.533; 19.783
Country Serbia
Province Vojvodina
DistrictSouth Bačka
Settlements3
Government
 • MayorRadivoj Debeljački (SNS)[1]
Area
[2]
 • Municipality284 km2 (110 sq mi)
Elevation
82 m (269 ft)
Population
 (2022 census)[3]
 • Town
10,496
 • Municipality
14,357
Time zoneUTC+1 (CET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+2 (CEST)
Postal code
21480
Area code+381 21
Car platesNS

Srbobran (Serbian: Србобран, pronounced [sr̩̂bɔbraːn]; Hungarian: Szenttamás)[4] is a town and municipality located in the South Bačka District of the autonomous province of Vojvodina, Serbia. The town is located on the north bank of the Danube-Tisa-Danube canal. The town has a population of 10,496, and the municipality of 14,357 according to 2022 census.

The municipality of Srbobran encompasses of town of Srbobran, and two villages: Nadalj and Turija.

Name

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In Serbian, the town is known as Srbobran (Србобран); in Hungarian as Szenttamás (pronounced [ˈsɛntɒmaːʃ]) or Szrbobran (formerly also Bács-Szenttamás); in Rusyn (a Cyrillic-only language) as /Србобран/; in Slovak as Srbobran; and in German as Thomasberg or Sankt Thomas. The name Srbobran means Serb defender" in Serbian. Older Serbian name used for the town was Sentomaš (Сентомаш).[5]

History

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Archaeological records indicate that there has been human settlement in the territory of present-day Srbobran since prehistoric times. The first written record of settlement is from 1338, in which Srbobran is mentioned under name Sentomas, which means Saint Thomas, i.e. the apostle Thomas, who was the patron saint of a monastery and of the village around it in the Middle Ages. During this time, the area was under administration of the medieval Kingdom of Hungary and was part of Bacsensis County. This village, together with the monastery, was destroyed during the Ottoman conquest in the 16th century. Its former population left the region and fled towards north to Habsburg Hungary. During the period of Ottoman administration, the settlement of Sentomaš was rebuilt and populated by ethnic Serbs. It was part of the Ottoman Sanjak of Segedin.

After the Bačka region was captured by Habsburg troops led by Prince Eugene of Savoy in the end of the 17th century, Sentomaš came under Habsburg rule and was populated by new colonists, mainly ethnic Serbs from the south, but also (since the second half of the 18th century) by ethnic Hungarians from the north, who became the second largest ethnic group in the settlement (after Serbs). The settlement was part of the Military Frontier until 1751, when it came under the civil administration. A document from 1751 indicates that besides the name Sentomaš, Srbograd ("Serb Town") was also used as an unofficial name for the town. The town grew quickly; in 1787 its population was 3,532, while in 1836 this number rose to 11,321. After 1751 the town was part of the Theiss district within Batsch-Bodrog County and the Habsburg Kingdom of Hungary.

Map of Srbobran municipality

The name Srbobran dates from the time of the 1848/1849 revolutions in the Habsburg Monarchy, but has been officially used since 1918. In 1848–1849, the town was part of the Serbian Voivodship, a Serbian autonomous region within the Austrian Empire. The Serbian defense line was located near this town, hence the name Srbobran, which means "Serbs's defender". On July 14, 1848, the first siege of the town by Hungarian forces began under Baron Fülöp Berchtold who was forced to retreat due to a strong Serbian defense. The Hungarian troops captured Sentomaš on the fourth attempt, on April 4, 1849, and burned the town to the ground. Having suppressed the Hungarian anti-Habsburg movement (in 1849), Austrian authorities established a new province to which Sentomaš belonged to: the Voivodeship of Serbia and Banat of Temeschwar, which existed until 1860. In 1850, the population of Sentomaš was 5,630 people, which was only about half of the population recorded in 1836. After the abolishment of the voivodeship in 1860, Sentomaš was again a part of Batsch-Bodrog County. After the establishment of the dual Monarchy of Austria-Hungary in 1867, the town was located within the Hungarian part of the Monarchy. According to the official census of 1910, Sentomaš had 14,335 inhabitants; among them 7,808 (54.47%) spoke Serbian, 6,031 (42.07%) spoke Hungarian, and 430 (3%) spoke German.

Sentomaš became part of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (called Yugoslavia after 1929) in 1918 and was officially named Srbobran. In 1918–1919, the town was part of the Banat, Bačka and Baranja region and also (between 1918 and 1922) part of the Novi Sad County. Between 1922 and 1929 it was part of Belgrade Oblast, and between 1929 and 1941 part of Danube Banovina. In 1941, the town was occupied by the Axis Powers and was attached to Miklós Horthy's Hungary. In 1944, the Soviet Red Army and Yugoslav partisans expelled Axis troops from the region, at this time approximately 2000 civil people with Hungarian nationality was killed by revenge.[6] Srbobran was included into the autonomous province of Vojvodina within new socialist Yugoslavia. After 1945 Vojvodina was part of the People's Republic of Serbia within Yugoslavia. Until the 1950s, Srbobran was part of the Bečej municipality, but then the separate municipality of Srbobran was established. During the Yugoslav wars of the 1990s, some Serb refugees came from Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and Kosovo, and settled in Srbobran.

Demographics

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A square in Srbobran and the Serbian Orthodox Church of the Epiphany of the Lord

Ethnic groups in the municipality

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See also: Serbs in Vojvodina, Hungarians in Vojvodina, Romani people of Vojvodina, and List of Hungarian communities in Vojvodina

According to the 2011 census, the population of the Srbobran municipality was composed of:[7]

  • Serbs = 10,703 (65.63%)
  • Hungarians = 3,387 (20.76%)
  • Romani = 629 (3.85%)
  • Others and undeclared = 1,598 (9.79%)

All of the three settlements in the municipality have an ethnic Serb majority. The Serbian and Hungarian language are officially used by municipal authorities.[8]

Also see: Serbs in Vojvodina, Hungarians in Vojvodina, Romani people of Vojvodina.

Ethnic groups in the town

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In 2011, Srbobran town had a population of 12,009, including:[7]

  • Serbs = 7,093 (59.06%)
  • Hungarians = 3,220 (26.81%)
  • Roma = 465 (3.87%)
  • Others and undeclared = 1,231 (10.25%)

Historical population of the town

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  • 1961: 14,391
  • 1971: 14,189
  • 1981: 13,596
  • 1991: 12,798
  • 2011: 11,968
  • 2022: 10,496

Economy

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The following table gives a preview of total number of employed people per their core activity (as of 2017):[9]

Activity Total
Agriculture, forestry and fishing 427
Mining 18
Processing industry 459
Distribution of power, gas and water 61
Distribution of water and water waste management 48
Construction 106
Wholesale and retail, repair 465
Traffic, storage and communication 135
Hotels and restaurants 77
Media and telecommunications 12
Finance and insurance 20
Property stock and charter 2
Professional, scientific, innovative and technical activities 89
Administrative and other services 43
Administration and social assurance 176
Education 190
Healthcare and social work 176
Art, leisure and recreation 23
Other services 77
Total 2,604

Transport

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Town is located near to the M22 motorway between Belgrade and Subotica. There are two national highways that run through the town, highways 3 and 22. These three important routes make the town an important transport link.

Highway 3 runs west to Sombor, and east to Bečej. Highway 22 runs to Budapest in Hungary to the north changing to Highway 5 in Hungary, and to Ribarice, in the south of Serbia.

Architecture

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There are two notable buildings in Srbobran, both of which are churches (one is Serb Orthodox, the other one is Roman Catholic) and both are built in highly sophisticated late baroque style.

Famous citizens

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  • Oil drilling facilities near Srbobran
    Oil drilling facilities near Srbobran
  • Catholic Church
    Catholic Church
  • Monument Sloboda (Liberty) in central park of Srbobran
    Monument Sloboda (Liberty) in central park of Srbobran

See also

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Notes and references

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Notes
  • Slobodan Ćurčić, Broj stanovnika Vojvodine, Novi Sad, 1996.
  • Slobodan Ćurčić, Naselja Bačke - geografske karakteristike, Novi Sad, 2007.
References
  1. ^ "Председник општине Србобран РАДИВОЈ ДЕБЕЉАЧКИ". Srbobran Official website. Retrieved 3 April 2018.
  2. ^ "Municipalities of Serbia, 2006". Statistical Office of Serbia. Retrieved 2010-11-28.
  3. ^ "Census 2022: Total population, by municipalities and cities". popis2022.stat.gov.rs.
  4. ^ Општина Србобран: Локална самоуправа (in Serbian). Municipality of Srbobran. Retrieved 2013-02-06. On the territory of the Municipality in official use are Serbian language and Cyrillic script and Hungarian language and script
  5. ^ "Srbobran Map and Weather Forecast". Worldplaces.net. Retrieved 2017-08-28.
  6. ^ "CSERES TIBOR: VÉRBOSSZÚ BÁCSKÁBAN". Vmek.oszk.hu. Retrieved 2017-08-28.
  7. ^ a b "Population by ethnicity – Srbobran". Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia (SORS). Retrieved 4 March 2013.
  8. ^ "Statut opštine Srbobran" (PDF), Ombudsman.rs (in Serbian), p. 1, 8 July 2008
  9. ^ "ОПШТИНЕ И РЕГИОНИ У РЕПУБЛИЦИ СРБИЈИ, 2018" (PDF). stat.gov.rs (in Serbian). Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia. Retrieved 17 March 2019.
  10. ^ Laslo Pašćik (1971). Živan Milisavac (ed.). Jugoslovenski književni leksikon [Yugoslav Literary Lexicon]. Novi Sad (SAP Vojvodina, SR Serbia: Matica srpska. p. 558.
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