Sironidae
| Sironidae Temporal range:
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|---|---|
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| Siro sp. | |
Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Subphylum: | Chelicerata |
| Class: | Arachnida |
| Order: | Opiliones |
| Suborder: | Cyphophthalmi |
| Infraorder: | Boreophthalmi |
| Family: | Sironidae Simon, 1879 |
| Diversity | |
| 10 genera, > 60 species | |
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| Synonyms | |
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Sironides | |
The Sironidae are a family of harvestmen with more than 60 described species.[1]
The family shows a Laurasian distribution, with most species found in temperate Europe and the west coast of North America. The only exception is Suzukielus sauteri from Japan.[2]
Name
[edit]Siro is the Latinized form of the French name "Ciron".[2]
Species
[edit]Below is from "World Catalog of Opiliones" (as of early 2024, after transfer of Parasiro).[1] See also "List of Cyphophthalmi species"List of Cyphophthalmi species#Boreophthalmi
- Arhesiro Karaman, 2022
- Arhesiro clousi (Giribet & Shear, 2010) – USA (Oregon)
- Arhesiro sonoma (Shear, 1980) – USA (California)
- Cyphophthalmus Joseph, 1869 (mostly Balkan)
- Cyphophthalmus beschkovi (Mitov, 1994) – Bulgaria
- Cyphophtalmus bithynicus (Gruber, 1969) – Turkey
- Cyphophthalmus conocephalus Karaman, 2009 – Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Cyphophthalmus corfuanus (Kratochvíl, 1938) – Greece
- Cyphophtalmus duricorius Joseph, 1868 – Austria, Albania, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Croatia, Slovenia, Italy
- Cyphophtalmus eratoae (Juberthie, 1968) – Greece
- Cyphophthalmus ere Karaman, 2008 – Serbia
- Cyphophthalmus gjorgjevici (Hadzi, 1933) – North Macedonia
- Cyphophthalmus gordani Karaman, 2009 – Montenegro
- Cyphophthalmus hlavaci Karaman, 2009 – Croatia
- Cyphophthalmus klisurae (Hadzi, 1973) – Kosovo - cave
- Cyphophthalmus kratochvili Karaman, 2009 – Croatia
- Cyphophthalmus markoi Karaman, 2008 – (?) Serbia
- Cyphophthalmus martensi Karaman, 2009 – Montenegro
- Cyphophthalmus minutus (Kratochvíl, 1938) – Montenegro, Croatia- cave
- Cyphophthalmus montenegrinus (Hadzi, 1973) – Montenegro
- Cyphophthalmus neretvanus Karaman, 2009 – Croatia
- Cyphophthalmus noctiphilus (Kratochvíl, 1940) – Croatia - cave
- Cyphophthalmus nonveilleri Karaman, 2008 – Serbia - cave
- Cyphophthalmus ognjenovici Karaman, 2009 – Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Cyphophthalmus ohridanus (Hadzi, 1973) – North Macedonia - cave
- Cyphophthalmus paradoxus (Kratochvíl, 1958) – Bulgaria
- Cyphophthalmus paragamiani Karaman, 2009 – Greece
- Cyphophthalmus rumijae Karaman, 2009 – Montenegro
- Cyphophthalmus serbicus (Hadzi, 1973) – Serbia
- Cyphophthalmus silhavyi (Kratochvíl, 1938) – Croatia - cave
- Cyphophthalmus solentiensis Dreszer, Raða & Giribet, 2015 – Croatia
- Cyphophthalmus teyrovskyi (Kratochvíl, 1938) – Croatia - cave
- Cyphophthalmus thracicus Karaman, 2009 – Bulgaria
- Cyphophthalmus trebinjanus Karaman, 2009 – Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Cyphophthalmus yalovensis (Gruber, 1969) – Turkey
- Cyphophthalmus zetae Karaman, 2009 – Montenegro
- Holosiro Ewing, 1923
- Holosiro acaroides Ewing, 1923 – USA (Washington, Oregon, California)
- Holosiro calaveras (Giribet & Shear, 2010) – USA (California)
- Holosiro ewingi Karaman, 2022 – USA (Oregon)
- Holosiro shasta (Giribet & Shear, 2010) – USA (California)
- Iberosiro de Bivort & Giribet, 2004
- Iberosiro distylos de Bivort & Giribet, 2004 – Portugal - cave
- Iberosiro rosae Giribet, Merino-Sáinz & Benavides, 2017 – Spain
- Neosiro Newell, 1943
- Neosiro boyerae (Giribet & Shear, 2010) – USA (Washington, Oregon)
- Neosiro exilis (Hoffman, 1963) – USA (Virginia, West Virginia, Maryland)
- Neosiro kamiakensis Newell, 1943 – USA (Washington, Idaho)
- Neosiro ligiae (Giribet, 2017) – USA (Oregon)
- Neosiro martensi Karaman, 2022 – USA (Oregon)
- Neosiro richarti (Benavides & Giribet, 2017) – USA (Idaho)
- [Also †Neosiro balticus (Dunlop & Mitov, 2011) (fossil, Baltic amber)]
- Odontosiro Juberthie, 1961
- Odontosiro lusitanicus Juberthie, 1961 – Portugal, Spain
- Paramiopsalis Juberthie, 1962
- Paramiopsalis anadonae Giribet, Merino-Sáinz & Benavides, 2017 – Spain
- Paramiopsalis eduardoi Murienne & Giribet, 2009 – Spain
- Paramiopsalis ramblae Benavides & Giribet, 2017 – Spain
- Paramiopsalis ramulosa Juberthie, 1962 – Spain
- Siro carpaticus Rafalski, 1956 – Poland, Slovakia
- Siro crassus Novak & Giribet, 2006 – Slovenia
- Siro franzi Karaman & Raspotnig, 2022 – Austria
- Siro ozimeci Karaman, 2022 – Croatia
- Siro rubens Latreille, 1804 – France
- Siro valleorum Chemini, 1990 – Italy
- †Siro platypedibus Dunlop & Giribet, 2003 (fossil, Bitterfield amber from Bitterfeld, Germany)
- Suzukielus Juberthie, 1970
- Suzukielus sauteri (Roewer, 1916) – Japan
The following genus is no longer included in Sironidae, but also not yet included in any new family:
- Marwe coarctata Shear, 1985
References
[edit]- ^ a b "Sironidae". Kury, A. et al. (2024). WCO-Lite: World Catalogue of Opiliones. Retrieved 20 February 2024.
- ^ a b Giribet, G. (2007): Sironidae Simon, 1879. In: Pinto-de-Rocha, R. et al. 2007: 102f
Further reading
[edit]- Pinto-da-Rocha, R., Machado, G. & Giribet, G. (eds.) (2007). Harvestmen – The Biology of Opiliones. Harvard University Press, USA. ISBN 0-674-02343-9
- Boyer, Sarah L.; Karaman, Ivo M. & Giribet, Gonzalo (2005): The genus Cyphophthalmus (Arachnida, Opiliones, Cyphophthalmi) in Europe: A phylogenetic approach to Balkan Peninsula biogeography. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 36(3): 554-567. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2005.04.004
