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Health crisis

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Having lost their homes in the 2010 Haiti earthquake, many Haitians now live in precarious camps.

A health crisis is an emergency or complex health system that affects the public in one or more geographic areas from a particular locality to encompass the entire planet. Health crises generally have significant impacts on community health, loss of life, and on the economy. They may result from disease, industrial processes or poor policy.[1][2]

Its severity is often measured by the number of people affected by its geographical extent, or the disease or death of the pathogenic process which it originates.[3][4]

Features

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Generally there are three key components in health crises:[5]

  • Public health problem[6]
  • Problem health coordination
  • Alarm care: Poor communication of risks to the population resulting in social upheaval.[7]

Types

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  • Environmental
  • Food
  • Toxic

Prevention & Control

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  • Using the health warning systems. A health system responsive to the needs of the population is required to refine the instruments to ensure adequate preparation before their hatching.[8][9][10]
  • Transparency of the institutions public or private. The perception of crisis can escape the control of experts or health institutions, and be determined by stakeholders to provide solutions propagate or concerned. This requires a difficult balancing of the need to articulate clear answers and the little-founded fears.[11]
  • Adequate information policy. Irrationality arise when information is distorted, or hidden. Face a health crisis involves: respect for society, coordination of organizations and an institution with scientific weight to the people and to the media, who acted as spokesman in situations of public health risk, to get confidence citizens. The technical capacity of health professionals is more proven than the public officials, which suggests a greater share of the former and better training of the second.[12][13][14]
  • Evaluate the previous crisis or others experiences. Crises are challenges that must be learned from both the mistakes and successes, since they serve to bring about to the devices and improve the response to other crises. It is important to perform analysis of previous responses, audit risk and vulnerability, research and testing, and drills to prepare themselves against future crises.[15][16][17]
  • Having objectives: "first, to reduce the impact of illness and death, and second, to avoid social fracture".[18]
  • Preparing contingency plans. Preparation is key to the crisis because it allows a strong response, organized, and scientifically based. Action plans must meet the professional early enough and properly trained, and politicians must be consistent in their actions and coordinate all available resources. It is essential to invest in public health resources to prepare preventive measures and reducing health inequalities to minimize the impact of health crises, as they generally always the poorest suffer most.[19][20]
  • It is important to include all health professions especially primary health care (family physicians, pharmacists, etc.), as often it is these practitioners that are on the front-line in health crises.[21][22]

Examples

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Baby born to a mother who had taken thalidomide while pregnant
Metro of Mexico, passengers are protected against influenza A.
symptoms of microcephaly
Symptoms of microcephaly, linked to mothers infected by Zika virus[23]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ Brownstein, Joseph (December 7, 2009). "The Top 10 Health Scares Of The Decade". ABC News. Archived from the original on 2013-01-26.
  2. ^ Gérvas, Juan; Meneu, Ricard (December 2010). "Las crisis de salud pública en una sociedad desarrollada. Aciertos y limitaciones en España. Informe SESPAS 2010". Gaceta Sanitaria. 24: 33–36. doi:10.1016/j.gaceta.2010.06.009. ISSN 0213-9111. PMC 7131968. PMID 21094562.
  3. ^ Alderson, Michael Rowland (1988). Mortality, morbidity, and health statistics. New York: Stockton Press. ISBN 0935859314. OCLC 18464719.
  4. ^ Gravitz, Lauren (2011). "Introduction: A smouldering public-health crisis". Nature. 474 (7350): S2 – S4. doi:10.1038/474S2a. PMID 21666731.
  5. ^ Noji EK. The public health consequences of disasters. Oxford: OUP; 1997.
  6. ^ Anand, Geeta (30 July 2011). "India's Public Health Crisis: The Government Responds". Archived from the original on 15 April 2017. Retrieved 14 April 2017.
  7. ^ Público. "crisis". Archived from the original on 2011-11-18. Retrieved 2011-08-28.
  8. ^ "Health Alert Network (HAN). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Atlanta. 2011/08/29". Archived from the original on 2011-09-12.
  9. ^ Valencia, R; Román, E; García-León, FJ; Guillén, J (2003-11-01). "Sistemas de alerta: una prioridad en vigilancia epidemiológica". Gaceta Sanitaria. 17 (6): 520–522. doi:10.1157/13055395. ISSN 0213-9111.
  10. ^ Fernández K, Ciotti M, Kaiser R. La Unión Europea ante las crisis sanitarias. Rev Adm Sanit. 2006; 4:425–35.
  11. ^ AbouZahr, Carla; Adjei, Sam; Kanchanachitra, Churnrurtai (March 2007). "From data to policy: good practices and cautionary tales". The Lancet. 369 (9566): 1039–1046. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(07)60463-2. ISSN 0140-6736. PMID 17382830. S2CID 18443880.
  12. ^ "Risk Communication- Gateway to Health Communication - CDC". 2018-03-30. Archived from the original on 2018-08-30. Retrieved 2017-09-09.
  13. ^ www.quodem.com, Quodem Consultores S.L. "El Sistema Sanitario ante situaciones de crisis". Archived from the original on 2011-09-03. Retrieved 2011-08-28.
  14. ^ Lamata F. Crisis sanitaria y respuesta política. Rev Adm Sanit. 2006; 4:401–6.
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  19. ^ Wells, Paul Krugman and Robin (23 March 2006). "The Health Care Crisis and What to Do About It". The New York Review of Books. 53 (5). Archived from the original on 5 November 2015. Retrieved 29 August 2011.
  20. ^ "Gérvas J, Hernández I. El eterno retorno de las crisis sanitarias. El País. 22/05/2007" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-03-17.
  21. ^ Watson KE. The Roles of Pharmacists in Disaster Health Management in Natural and Anthropogenic Disasters. [Thesis].  QUT ePrints: Queensland University of Technology; 2019 Available from: https://eprints.qut.edu.au/130757/ .
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  23. ^ "Understanding Zika". Archived from the original on 16 February 2016. Retrieved 8 February 2016.
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Bibliography

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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Health disasters.
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