Province of New Hampshire
Province of New Hampshire | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1691–1783 | |||||||||
 | |||||||||
| Status | British colony | ||||||||
| Capital | Portsmouth | ||||||||
| Common languages | English | ||||||||
| Government | Constitutional monarchy | ||||||||
| King | |||||||||
• 1664-1685 | Charles II | ||||||||
• 1769-1776 | George III | ||||||||
| Royal Governor | |||||||||
• 1741-1775 | List of colonial governors of New Hampshire | ||||||||
| Legislature | General Court of New Hampshire | ||||||||
| History | |||||||||
• Separation from Massachusetts Bay Colony | 1691 | ||||||||
| September 3 1783 | |||||||||
| Currency | Pound sterling, Spanish dollar | ||||||||
| |||||||||
The Province of New Hampshire was a crown colony organized on October 7, 1691, during the period of British colonization of the Americas. The charter was enacted May 14, 1692, by William and Mary, the joint monarchs of the Kingdom of England and the Kingdom of Scotland, at the same time that the Province of Massachusetts Bay was created. Both were formerly parts of the Massachusetts Bay Colony.
The Province of New Hampshire was located in the present-day U.S. state of New Hampshire, and was named after the county of Hampshire in southern England by John Mason.[1]
The province did not get its own colonial governor until 1741, when Benning Wentworth was appointed. Many of the subsequent New Hampshire Grants later became the state of Vermont.
History
Before colonization
Prior to British colonization, the area which became the province was populated by bands of the Abenaki, who lived in sometimes large villages of longhouses.[2] Depending on the season they would either remain near their villages to fish, gather plants, engage in sugaring, and trade or fight with their neighbors, or head to nearby fowling and hunting grounds; later they also farmed tobacco and the"three sisters": corn, beans, and squash.[2]
Early British colonies
Prior to 1691, the "New Hampshire Colony" was the product of several English land grants dating from 1623, when it was first founded by John Mason, to 1680. For much of its colonial history it was controlled by the Massachusetts Bay Colony based in Boston.
In 1631 Captain Thomas Wiggin served as the first governor of the province of the Upper Plantation of New Hampshire, comprising modern-day Dover, Durham and Stratham.
Other settlements followed: Little Harbor, Dover, Portsmouth and Exeter. David Thomson, Edward Hilton, and Thomas Hilton were sent by John Mason, who wished to send settlers to create a fishing colony. They established the cities of Dover and Little Harbor. The settlement at Exeter was founded in 1638 by John Wheelwright, after he had been banished from Massachusetts for defending the teachings of Anne Hutchinson, his sister-in-law.[citation needed] These towns agreed to unite in 1639 and in 1641 agreed to join the Massachusetts Colony.
On January 1, 1680, New Hampshire was separated from the Massachusetts Colony, becoming a colony with a separate government. It was reunited with Massachusetts in 1688, and separated out one last time in 1691, at which point it became the Province of New Hampshire.
References
Specific references:
- ^ "State Facts". New Hampshire Division of Travel and Tourism Development. Archived from the original on 2008-07-08. Retrieved 2008-08-18.
- ^ a b Native Americans in Vermont: the Abenaki, from flowofhistory.org, a website funded by educational grants
General references:
 | This article includes a list of general references, but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations. (April 2009) |
- Belknap, Jeremy. The History of New Hampshire (1791–1792) 3 vol classic history
- Daniell, Jere. Colonial New Hampshire: A History (1982)
- Morison, Elizabeth Forbes and Elting E. Morison. New Hampshire: A Bicentennial History (1976)
- Squires, J. Duane. The Granite State of the United States: A History of New Hampshire from 1623 to the Present (1956)
