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Nuphar sagittifolia

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Nuphar sagittifolia

Imperiled  (NatureServe)[1]
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Order: Nymphaeales
Family: Nymphaeaceae
Genus: Nuphar
Section: Nuphar sect. Astylus
Species:
N. sagittifolia
Binomial name
Nuphar sagittifolia
(Walter) Pursh
Synonyms[2]
List
  • Nuphar lutea subsp. sagittifolia (Walter) Beal
  • Nymphaea sagittifolia Walter
  • Nymphozanthus sagittifolius (Walter) Fernald
  • Ropalon sagittatum (Walter) Raf.
  • Nuphar longifolia Sm.
  • Nymphaea hastata Michx. ex DC.
  • Nymphaea longifolia Michx.
  • Nymphaea sagittata Pers.

Nuphar sagittifolia, also known as Arrowleaf Pond-lily, Cape Fear spatterdock,[3] or Narrow-leaved Spatterdock,[4] is a perennial,[5] rhizomatous, aquatic[2] herb in the family Nymphaeaceae[5] with unique narrowly lanceolate leaves[6] known only from North Carolina, South Carolina, and Virginia.[2]

Description

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Vegetative characteristics

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Nuphar sagittifolia is a perennial,[5] rhizomatous, aquatic,[2] heterophyllous[7] herb[5] with 2–2.5 cm wide rhizomes.[8] Both floating and submerged leaves are present, but submerged leaves are more common.[9][6] The crisped,[10] membranous submerged leaves are larger than the floating leaves. The glabrous,[11] green, linear to lanceolate floating leaf is 15–30(–50) cm long, and 5–10(–11.5) cm wide.[8] The subterete petiole is 1.5–7 mm wide.[10]

Generative characteristics

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The yellow,[11] 2-3 cm wide flower[8] has a glabrous, 3–8 mm wide peduncle.[10] The flower has 6 sepals.[8] The yellow petals are thick and oblong.[10] The gynoecium consists of 11–15 carpels.[11] The almost entire, green, 14–18 mm wide stigmatic disk[8] has 11–15 stigmatic rays. The ovoid,[11] green, 3–3.5 cm long, and 2–3 cm wide fruit bears 4–5 mm long,[8] and 3 mm wide seeds.[10] Flowering and fruiting occurs from April to October.[7]

Taxonomy

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It was first published as Nymphaea sagittifolia Walter by Thomas Walter in 1788.[12][13] It was placed into the genus Nuphar Sm. as Nuphar sagittifolia (Walter) Pursh published by Frederick Traugott Pursh in 1813.[14][15][16] It is placed in the section Nuphar sect. Astylus.[17]

Etymology

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The specific epithet sagittifolia means having arrow-shaped leaves.[18][19]

Habitat

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It is aquatic, found in lakes, ponds, and slow-moving rivers in the coastal plains[8][10] in up to 2.1 m deep, acidic water.[9]

Conservation

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The NatureServe conservation status is T2 Imperiled.[1] In Virginia, it is threatened. In North Carolina, it is placed on the Rare Plant Watch List. In South Carolina, it is also placed on the list of rare species.[7]

References

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  1. ^ a b Nuphar lutea ssp. sagittifolia. (n.d.). NatureServe. https://explorer.natureserve.org/Taxon/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.152774/Nuphar_lutea_ssp_sagittifolia
  2. ^ a b c d Nuphar sagittifolia (Walter) Pursh. (n.d.). Plants of the World Online. Retrieved February 4, 2025, from https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:605464-1
  3. ^ Narrowleaf Pond-lily - Nuphar sagittifolia (Walter) Pursh. (n.d.). Vascular Plants of North Carolina. Retrieved February 4, 2025, from https://auth1.dpr.ncparks.gov/flora/species_account.php?id=1984
  4. ^ Nuphar sagittifolia (Walter) Pursh. (n.d.-b). Digital Atlas of the Virginia Flora. Retrieved February 4, 2025, from https://vaplantatlas.org/index.php?do=plant&plant=3059
  5. ^ a b c d Cape Fear Spatterdock (Nuphar lutea ssp. sagittifolia). (n.d.). Center for Plant Conservation - Saving Plants From Extinction. Retrieved February 4, 2025, from https://saveplants.org/plant-profile/47235/Nuphar-lutea-ssp.-sagittifolia/Cape-Fear-Spatterdock/
  6. ^ a b Padgett, D. J. (1997). A biosystematic monograph of the genus Nuphar Sm.(Nymphaeaceae). University of New Hampshire.
  7. ^ a b c Culatta, K. E. (2020). Taxonomy, Genetic Diversity, and Status Assessment of Nuphar sagittifolia (Nymphaeaceae). North Carolina State University.
  8. ^ a b c d e f g Nuphar sagittifolia in Flora of North America @ efloras.org. (n.d.). Retrieved February 4, 2025, from http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=233500819
  9. ^ a b Les, D. H. (2017). Aquatic Dicotyledons of North America: Ecology, Life History, and Systematics. USA: CRC Press.
  10. ^ a b c d e f Padgett, Donald J. (January 2007). "A Monograph of Nuphar (Nymphaeaceae)1". Rhodora. 109 (937): 1–95. doi:10.3119/0035-4902(2007)109[1:amonn]2.0.co;2. ISSN 0035-4902.
  11. ^ a b c d Britton, Nathaniel Lord, & Brown, Addison. (1913). An illustrated flora of the northern United States, Canada and the British possessions : from Newfoundland to the parallel of the southern boundary of Virginia, and from the Atlantic Ocean westward to the 102d meridian (Vol. 2). C. Scribner’s sons. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/37754454
  12. ^ Walter, Thomas, Fraser, J., & Wenman, Joseph. (1788). Flora caroliniana : secundum systema vegetabilium perillustris Linnaei digesta; characteres essentiales naturalesve et differentias veras exhibens; cum emendationibus numerosis: descriptionum antea evulgatarum: adumbrationes stirpium plus mille continens: necnon, generibus novis non paucis, speciebus plurimis novisq. ornata (p. 155). Sumptibus J. Fraser Prostant venales apud J. Wenman, in Vico vulgo dicto Fleet-street. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/10001223
  13. ^ Nymphaea sagittifolia Walter. (n.d.). International Plant Names Index. Retrieved February 4, 2025, from https://www.ipni.org/n/605702-1
  14. ^ Pursh, Frederick. (1814). Flora Americae Septentrionalis; or, A systematic arrangement and description of the plants of North America. Containing, besides what have been described by preceding authors, many new and rare species, collected during twelve years travels and residence in that country (Vol. 2, p. 370). Printed for White, Cochrance, and co. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/49810843
  15. ^ Missouri Botanical Garden. (n.d.-s). Nuphar sagittifolia (Walter) Pursh. Tropicos. Retrieved February 4, 2025, from https://www.tropicos.org/name/22600093
  16. ^ Nuphar sagittifolia Pursh. (n.d.). International Plant Names Index. Retrieved February 4, 2025, from https://www.ipni.org/n/605464-1
  17. ^ USDA, Agricultural Research Service, National Plant Germplasm System. 2025. Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN Taxonomy). National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. URL: https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxon/taxonomydetail?id=412220. Accessed 4 February 2025.
  18. ^ A Grammatical Dictionary of Botanical Latin. (n.d.-c). Missouri Botanical Garden. Retrieved February 4, 2025, from http://www.mobot.org/mobot/latindict/keyDetail.aspx?keyWord=sagitt
  19. ^ Ilieva, I. A. (2023). Specific botanical epithets meaning likeness. World Journal of Biology Pharmacy and Health Sciences, 15(3), 110-126.
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