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Demographics of Equatorial Guinea

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Demographics of Equatorial Guinea
Population pyramid of the Equatorial Guinea in 2020
Population1,679,172 (2022 est.)
Growth rate3.5% (2022 est.)
Birth rate29.95 births/1,000 population (2022 est.)
Death rate8.95 deaths/1,000 population (2022 est.)
Life expectancy63.7 years
 • male61.44 years
 • female66.03 years
Fertility rate4.26 children born/woman (2022 est.)
Infant mortality rate78.33 deaths/1,000 live births
Net migration rate13.96 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2022 est.)
Age structure
0–14 years38.73%
65 and over3.92%
Sex ratio
Total1.15 male(s)/female (2022 est.)
At birth1.03 male(s)/female
Under 151.08 male(s)/female
65 and over0.87 male(s)/female
Nationality
NationalityEquatorial Guinean
Major ethnicFang (85.7%)
Language
OfficialSpanish
Evolution of the Equatoguinean population between 1960 and 2017. Population data in hundreds of thousands of inhabitants.

Demographic features of the population of Equatorial Guinea include population density, ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population.

Population

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Population, fertility rate and net reproduction rate, United Nations estimates

According to the 2022 revision of the world factbook the total population was 1,679,172 in 2022.[1] The proportion of children below the age of 14 in 2020 was 38.73%, 57.35% was between 15 and 65 years of age, while 3.92% was 65 years or older.[1][2]

Total population[1] Population aged 0–14 (%) Population aged 15–64 (%) Population aged 65+ (%)
1950 226 000 34.2 60.1 5.6
1955 238 000 35.7 59.0 5.3
1960 252 000 37.0 57.9 5.0
1965 269 000 38.3 56.9 4.8
1970 291 000 38.7 56.7 4.6
1975 238 000 44.8 49.8 5.4
1980 221 000 43.7 50.3 6.0
1985 313 000 34.7 60.4 4.9
1990 374 000 37.7 57.8 4.5
1995 443 000 41.9 54.1 4.1
2000 520 000 42.6 53.8 3.7
2005 608 000 40.5 56.2 3.2
2010 700 000 39.2 57.9 2.9
2020 836 178 38.7 57.4 3.9

Population Estimates by Sex and Age Group (01.VII.2020) (Estimates or projections based on the 2015 population census.):[3]

Age Group Male Female Total %
Total 762 309 692 480 1 454 789 100
0–4 105 834 94 783 200 617 13.79
5–9 95 293 87 387 182 680 12.56
10–14 80 324 67 341 147 665 10.15
15–19 63 880 56 442 120 321 8.27
20–24 55 868 55 468 111 337 7.65
25–29 69 467 57 220 126 687 8.71
30–34 62 193 45 737 107 930 7.42
35–39 51 020 37 076 88 096 6.06
40–44 45 960 34 449 80 409 5.53
45–49 34 786 31 335 66 121 4.55
50–54 32 362 31 237 63 599 4.37
55–59 19 607 22 577 42 183 2.90
60–64 15 812 21 214 37 026 2.55
65–69 10 963 13 040 24 003 1.65
70–74 7 758 13 040 20 798 1.43
75–79 5 987 10 121 16 108 1.11
80–84 2 804 7 201 10 005 0.69
85+ 2 393 6 812 9 205 0.63
Age group Male Female Total Percent
0–14 281 451 249 511 530 962 36.50
15–64 450 953 392 755 843 708 58.00
65+ 29 905 50 214 80 119 5.51

Vital statistics

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Registration of vital events is in Equatorial Guinea not complete. The Population Department of the United Nations prepared the following estimates. [2]

Period Live births per year Deaths per year Natural change per year CBR* CDR* NC* TFR* IMR*
1950–1955 9 000 7 000 2 000 40.9 30.4 10.5 5.50 196
1955–1960 10 000 7 000 3 000 40.5 28.7 11.8 5.50 186
1960–1965 10 000 7 000 3 000 40.1 26.9 13.3 5.53 176
1965–1970 11 000 7 000 4 000 40.7 25.3 15.3 5.66 167
1970–1975 10 000 6 000 3 000 36.8 23.7 13.1 5.68 157
1975–1980 8 000 5 000 2 000 32.9 22.2 10.8 5.68 149
1980–1985 11 000 6 000 5 000 41.7 21.4 20.3 5.79 138
1985–1990 16 000 7 000 9 000 47.4 20.4 26.9 5.89 128
1990–1995 18 000 8 000 11 000 45.0 18.7 26.3 5.89 118
1995–2000 20 000 8 000 12 000 41.3 17.2 24.0 5.87 114
2000–2005 22 000 9 000 12 000 38.4 16.3 22.1 5.64 111
2005–2010 24 000 10 000 15 000 37.3 15.1 22.2 5.36 102
* CBR = crude birth rate (per 1000); CDR = crude death rate (per 1000); NC = natural change (per 1000); IMR = infant mortality rate per 1000 births; TFR = total fertility rate (number of children per woman)

Fertility and births

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Total Fertility Rate (TFR) (Wanted Fertility Rate) and Crude Birth Rate (CBR):[4]

Year Total Urban Rural
CBR TFR CBR TFR CBR TFR
2011 36.3 5.1 (4.4) 36.5 4.4 (3.8) 36.0 5.9 (5.1)

Fertility data as of 2011 (DHS Program):[4]

Region Total fertility rate Percentage of women age 15–49 currently pregnant Mean number of children ever born to women age 40–49
Insular 4.3 8.4 5.0
Continental 5.4 9.2 6.0

Life expectancy

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Period Life expectancy in
Years[5]
1950–1955 34.48
1955–1960 Increase 35.99
1960–1965 Increase 37.49
1965–1970 Increase 38.99
1970–1975 Increase 40.50
1975–1980 Increase 42.04
1980–1985 Increase 45.54
1985–1990 Increase 47.21
1990–1995 Increase 49.35
1995–2000 Increase 51.75
2000–2005 Increase 53.57
2005–2010 Increase 54.93
2010–2015 Increase 56.84

Ethnic groups

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Ethnic groups in Equatorial Guinea[6]
Fang
 
 85.7%
Bubi
 
 6.5%
Ndowe (Playeros)
 
 3.6%
Annobonese
 
 1.6%
Other
 
 1.4%
Bujeba
 
 1.1%
Map of ethnic groups. 1. Fernandino (Malabo city and Luba)
2. Bubi (Bioko Island)
3. Igbo (far northwest)
4. Baka (Acot area)
5. Kwasio/Bujeba (Playeros)
6. Benga (Playeros)
7. Gabonese (Cocobeach City)
8. Annobonese (mixed Portuguese, Angolan, Spanish)
9. Annobonese Creoles (Annobon Island)
10. Fang

Peoples considered as natives

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The majority of the people of Equatorial Guinea are of Niger-Congo origin. The largest ethnic group, the Fang, are indigenous to the mainland, but substantial migration to Bioko Island has resulted in Fang dominance over the earlier Bubi inhabitants. The Fang constitute 80% of the population and are themselves divided into 67 clans. Those in the northern part of Rio Muni speak Fang-Ntumu, while those in the south speak Fang-Okah; the two dialects are mutually unintelligible. The Bubi, who constitute 15% of the population, are indigenous to Bioko Island.

In addition, there are coastal ethnic groups, collectively referred to as Ndowe or Playeros ("Beach People" in Spanish): Combes, Bujebas, Balengues and Bengas on the mainland and small islands and a Fernandino community of Krio descended people on Bioko. Together, these groups compose 5% of the population.

Two small groups of Pygmies also inhabit the country, the Beyele and the Bokuign,[7] the former being located in the Altos de Nsork region.[8] Their population is dwindling, them being subjected to heavy pressure from their neighbours, who don't even consider them as human.[9]

8,800 black and white mixed race people, named Fernandino peoples, also live in Equatorial Guinea.[10] The Asian Africans, the Fernandino peoples and the White Africans represent 10% of the total population of Equatorial Guinea.

Recently immigrated peoples

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Some Europeans (largely of Spanish or Portuguese descent) – among them mixed with African ethnicity – also live in the nation. Most Spaniards left after independence. There is a growing number of foreigners from neighboring Cameroon, Nigeria, and Gabon. Equatorial Guinea received Asians and black Africans from other countries as workers on cocoa and coffee plantations. In the late 20th century, Equatorial Guinea became home to more than 80,000 Hispanics from Mexico, Central America, and other Spanish speaking nations in the Americas. 17,000[11] Spanish people and 5,000[12] Chinese people also live in Equatorial Guinea. The non-Africans living in Equatorial Guinea represent almost 10% of the nation's total population. Other black Africans came from Liberia, Angola, and Mozambique, and Asians are mostly Chinese with small numbers of Indians. Equatorial Guinea also allowed many fortune-seeking European settlers of other nationalities, including British, French and Germans. After independence, thousands of Equatorial Guineans went to Spain. Another 100,000 Equatorial Guineans went to Cameroon, Gabon, and Nigeria because of dictatorship of Francisco Macías Nguema. Some of its communities also live in Brazil, United States, Spain, Colombia, Mexico, Argentina, Peru, Portugal, and France.

Languages

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See also: Pichinglis

Spanish, French and Portuguese are the official languages and spoken as second languages. Spanish is the language of education, and for this reason a majority of the population (about 88%) can speak it.[13] Annobonese speak a Portuguese Creole, named Annobonese, as their first language. Asian migrants and descendants of European settlers (mostly Spaniards, Britons and Portuguese) usually speak their ancestral languages along with Spanish. Other Africans usually speak their native languages and their nation's official languages – English and Igbo[14][15] for Nigerians; English for Cameroonians and Liberians; French for Cameroonians and Gabonese; and Portuguese for Angolans and Mozambicans. The latter was made an official language since July 13, 2007. 82% of first foreign language learners choose the French language and 18% the English language.[16] The Roman Catholic Church has greatly influenced both religion and education.

Languages of traditional names

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Equatoguineans tend to have both a Spanish first name and an African first and last name. When written, the Spanish and African first names are followed by the father's first name (which becomes the principal surname) and the mother's first name. Thus people may have up to four names, with a different surname for each generation.

Other demographic statistics

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Demographic statistics according to the World Population Review in 2022.[17]

  • One birth every 11 minutes
  • One death every 41 minutes
  • One net migrant every 41 minutes
  • Net gain of one person every 11 minutes

The following demographic statistics are from the CIA World Factbook.[18]

Population

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1,679,173 (2022 est.)
836,178 (July 2020 est.)
note: 2002 census results claim 1,015,000 residents, although this was most likely inflated in anticipation for the December election.[19]

Languages

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Spanish (official) 67.6%, other (includes Fang, Bubi, Portuguese (official), French (official), Portuguese-based Creoles spoken in Ano Bom) 32.4% (1994 est.)

Religions

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Roman Catholic 88%, Protestant 5%, Muslim 2%, other 5% (animist, Baha'i, Jewish) (2015 est.)
Roman Catholic 80%, Protestant 5%, Muslim 2%, other 5% (animist, Baha'i, Jewish) (2010 est.)[20]

Age structure

[edit]
Population pyramid of Equatorial Guinea in 2020
0-14 years: 38.73% (male 164,417 /female 159,400)
15-24 years: 19.94% (male 84,820 /female 81,880)
25-54 years: 32.72% (male 137,632 /female 135,973)
55-64 years: 4.69% (male 17,252 /female 22,006)
65 years and over: 3.92% (male 13,464 /female 19,334) (2020 est.)

Population growth rate

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3.5% (2022 est.) Country comparison to the world: 5th
2.35% (2020 est.) Country comparison to the world: 29th

Birth rate

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29.95 births/1,000 population (2022 est.) Country comparison to the world: 30th
30.7 births/1,000 population (2020 est.) Country comparison to the world: 31st

Death rate

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8.95 deaths/1,000 population (2022 est.) Country comparison to the world: 62nd
7.3 deaths/1,000 population (2020 est.) Country comparison to the world: 112th

Total fertility rate

[edit]
4.19 children born/woman (2023 est.) Country comparison to the world: 20th
4.26 children born/woman (2022 est.) Country comparison to the world: 24th
4.11 children born/woman (2020 est.) Country comparison to the world: 29th

Median age

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total: 20.3 years. Country comparison to the world: 192nd
male: 19.9 years
female: 20.7 years (2020 est.)

Contraceptive prevalence rate

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12.6% (2011)

Net migration rate

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13.96 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2022 est.) Country comparison to the world: 3rd
0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2020 est.) Country comparison to the world: 81st

Dependency ratios

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total dependency ratio: 72.16 (2022 est.)
youth dependency ratio: 60.5 (2020 est.)
elderly dependency ratio: 3.9 (2020 est.)
potential support ratio: 25.5 (2020 est.)

Urbanization

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urban population: 74% of total population (2022)
rate of urbanization: 3.62% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
urban population: 73.1% of total population (2020)
rate of urbanization: 4.28% annual rate of change (2015–20 est.)

Sex ratio

[edit]


at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.03 male(s)/female
15–64 years: 0.93 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.7 male(s)/female
total population: 1 male(s)/female (2020 est.)

Life expectancy at birth

[edit]
total population: 63.7 years. Country comparison to the world: 206th
male: 61.44 years
female: 66.03 years (2022 est.)
total population: 65.7 years (2020 est.) Country comparison to the world: 192nd
male: 64.4 years (2020 est.)
female: 66.9 years (2020 est.)

Literacy

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definition: age 15 and over can read and write (2015 est.)

total population: 95.3% (2015 est.)
male: 97.4% (2015 est.)
female: 93% (2015 est.)

Major infectious diseases

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degree of risk: very high (2020)
food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever
vectorborne diseases: malaria and dengue fever
animal contact diseases: rabies

See also

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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Demographics of Equatorial Guinea.

References

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  1. ^ a b c "Equatorial Guinea". 14 April 2022.
  2. ^ a b "Population Division of the Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations Secretariat, World Population Prospects: The 2010 Revision". Esa.un.org. Retrieved 7 November 2017.
  3. ^ "UNSD — Demographic and Social Statistics".
  4. ^ a b "Encuesta Demográfi ca y de Salud (EDSGE-I) 2011" (PDF). Dhsprogram.com. Retrieved 7 November 2017.
  5. ^ "World Population Prospects – Population Division – United Nations". esa.un.org. Retrieved 2018-08-26.
  6. ^ "Africa :: EQUATORIAL GUINEA". CIA The World Factbook. Retrieved 7 November 2017.
  7. ^ "Guinea Ecuatorial". Archived from the original on 2011-09-14. Retrieved 2011-09-20.
  8. ^ Monte Alén-Monts de Cristal Landscape: Ethnic groups Archived 2016-02-02 at the Wayback Machine. In: Observatoire des Fôrets de l'Afrique Centrale (2006). The Forests of the Congo Basin. The State of the Forest 2006, p. 117.
  9. ^ "La página solicitada no existe – Foros". Foroguineoecuatorian.mforos.com. Archived from the original on 4 February 2016. Retrieved 7 November 2017.
  10. ^ "PeopleGroups.org - Fernandino".
  11. ^ "Equatorial Guinea | Culture, History, & People". 11 March 2024.
  12. ^ "China's New Oil Supplier". June 2008.
  13. ^ Gloria Nistal Rosique: El caso del español en Guinea Ecuatorial (in Spanish)
  14. ^ "World Directory of Minorities and Indigenous Peoples – Equatorial Guinea : Overview". UNHCR. 20 May 2008. Retrieved 2012-12-18.
  15. ^ Dickovick, James Tyler (2012). Africa 2012. Stryker Post. p. 180. ISBN 978-1-61048-882-2. Retrieved 2012-12-18.
  16. ^ "Rapport OIF 2014". Archived from the original on 2015-04-02. Retrieved 2015-03-27.
  17. ^ "Equatorial Guinea Population 2022", World Population Review
  18. ^ "The World FactBook – Equatorial Guinea", The World Factbook, 2022Public Domain This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  19. ^ "Equatorial Guinea". State.gov. Retrieved 7 November 2017.
  20. ^ "PEW Research Center: Christian Population as Percentages of Total Population by Country 2010". 19 December 2011. Retrieved 13 October 2015.

Public Domain This article incorporates public domain material from The World Factbook (2024 ed.). CIA. (Archived 2006 edition.)

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