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Moisi Golemi

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Moisi Arianiti Golemi
1596 engraving by Johann Theodor de Bry of Moisi Golemi
Died1464
Istanbul, Ottoman Empire
Noble familyArianiti family
Spouse(s)Zanfina Muzaka
IssueCesare Comnino Arianiti
Despina Arianiti
FatherMuzakë Arianiti
MotherGoisava [1]

Moisi Komnen Arianiti, also known as Moisi Golemi and Moisi of Dibra (Albanian: Moisiu i Dibrës), was an Albanian nobleman and a commander of the League of Lezhë. In 1443–44 he captured all Ottoman holdings in the area of Dibër region. For a brief period in the 1450s he joined the Ottomans, but soon abandoned them and returned to the League. He died in 1464, when he was executed publicly in Constantinople after being captured by the Ottoman army.

Family

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Born in the vicinity of modern Elbasan, he was the son of Muzakë Arianiti, son of Komnen Arianiti and brother of Gjergj Arianiti. His mother was a noblewoman named Goisava, after whom Gjergj Arianiti's second born daughter was named. In 1445 he married Zanfina Muzaka after her divorce with Karl-Muzakë Thopia, who went on to marry Skanderbeg's sister Maria. The couple had two children. His son Çezar Arianiti (Cesare Comnino Arianiti) had one daughter named Giovanna Comminata, who lived in Naples and was married to patrician Paulo Brancaccio. His daughter Despina was married to Stanisha Konti, brother of Vrana Konti, and had two daughters. The eldest named Andronica, became a lady-in-waiting to Christina of Denmark in Milan, and married a nobleman from the Corte family in Pavia. Their cousin-in law Francesca of Montferrat, wife of Constantine Arianiti, was Christina's chief lady-in waiting and later royal governess to her daughters. Despina's other daughter married Carlo Minutolo, with whom she had Lord Tommaso Minutolo, a nobleman in Capuana.[3]

League of Lezhë

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When Skanderbeg came in Albania, Moisi quickly allied with him and became commander of the border guard. Golemi was first distinguished in the battle of Torvioll in 1444.[4] Later he oversaw the capture of the crucial castle of Svetigrad in modern-day North Macedonia.

After the debacle of the Siege of Berat, and growing envious of the fame Skanderbeg had accumulated over the years, he betrayed his commander in chief and went over to the Ottomans. However, Albanian border troops did not follow him. Instead the command of border troops was passed to Nikollë and Dhimitër Berisha.[5] Another view is that Skanderbeg usurped Moisi's lands in Debar leading to Moisi's betrayal.

One year later he returned at the head of a fifteen thousand men-strong army, but was promptly defeated by Skanderbeg. Skanderbeg devised a strategy against Moisi, deploying his army, which was commanded by the brothers Muzhaq Komnen Araniti and Djuric Vladan Araniti, who were the sons of Moisi's uncle, pitting the Aranites against each other, which avoided the fratricidal duel, as well as ensured the victory of his army. He retreated first to Macedonia and then to Constantinople, where he was left ignored by the Ottoman authorities. Soon thereafter, he went back to Skanderbeg, who pardoned and reinstated him. He got back the position of a commander of the Albanian border troops. According to Gjon Muzaka, it was Skanderbeg who wanted for Moisi to return and called him back, while Moisi seeing that he was not safe with the Sultan, and in order not to increase the bloodshed of the Christians returned.[6]

Moisi devoted the rest of his life to the Albanian struggle, but in 1464 he fell prisoner to Ballaban Badera, an Albanian-born Ottoman sanjakbey of the Sanjak of Ohrid at the Battle of Vaikal. Dispatched hastily to Constantinople along with other Albanian princes and captains, he was skinned alive publicly, in Constantinople.

Domain

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Muzakë Arianiti's domains extended in areas of Mokër and Çermenikë. Gjon Muzaka mentions Librazhd, Qukës, Dorëz, and Gur among others as parts of his personal demesne. Apart from the areas inherited by his father Golemi was acknowledged as lord of Dibra by Skanderbeg as he led the expedition against the Ottomans in that region. Golemi's son Aranit is mentioned in contemporary sources as the lord of a barony in Çermenikë.[7]

Legacy

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In Albanian folk tradition, Golemi became a popular hero mostly through the Song of Moisi Golemi (Kënga e Moisi Golemit), an epic of the Arbëreshë in southern Italy. He was described as the best general of League of Lezhë, second only to Skanderbeg.[8]

See also

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Annotations

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  • His given name is equivalent to Moses.[9] Janus-Jacobus Boissard called him Moises Dibriota (1596).[10]

References

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Notes
  1. ^ Hopf, Karl (1873). Geneaology of Epriote Royal Musachi Family (in Italian). p. 296. Il Signor Moise Comnino Aranitij,suo padre fu Mosachi fratello del Signor Aranito Comninato e la madre se chiamò Signora Goisava, e questo Signor Moise hebbe per moglie la detta Signora Zanfina seu Suina Mosachia quella che fu moglie del Signor Mosachi Topia, che dispartì il detto Scanderbegh(...) [Lord Moise Comnino Arianitij, his father was Mosachi brother of Lord Aranito Comninato and his mother was called Lady Goisava, and this Lord Moise had as wife the said Lady Zanfina alias Suina Mosachia the one that was the wife of Lord Mosachi Topia, that the said Scanderbegh disparted (...)]
  2. ^ Occasional Papers on Religion in Eastern Europe. Ecumenical Press, Temple University. 1986. His father was an ancestor of the second greatest Albanian national hero, Moisi Golemi Komnenos who, though Orthodox, fought with the Catholic Skanderbeg.
  3. ^ Hopf, Karl (1873). Geneaology of Epiriote Royal Musachi family. p. 302.
  4. ^ Buda 2002, pp. 257
  5. ^ Marin Barletius "Historia de vita et gestis Scanderbegi Epirotarum Principis"
  6. ^ "MËRIA e MADHE e MOISI GOLEMIT – Dielli | the Sun". 12 December 2023.
  7. ^ Shuteriqi 2012, pp. 104–7
  8. ^ Fan S. Noli: “Gj. K. Skënderbeu 1405-1468”, Tiranë 1967, f. 140
  9. ^ Albanien in Vergangenheit und Gegenwart. Südosteuropa-Gesellschaft. 1991. ISBN 9783925450242. Golemi, Moisi (Moses)
  10. ^ Janus-Jacobus Boissard (1596). Vitae et Icones Sultanorum Turcicorum, Principum Persarum aliorumque illustrium Heroum Heroinarumque, ab Osmane usque ad Mahometem II. - Francofurti a. M., Theodorus de Bry 1596. Theodorus de Bry. p. 90.
Sources
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Media related to Moisi Arianit Golemi at Wikimedia Commons

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