Miletus symethus
| Great brownie | |
|---|---|
| |
| Female from Malaya | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Lycaenidae |
| Genus: | Miletus |
| Species: | M. symethus
|
| Binomial name | |
| Miletus symethus (Cramer, 1777)
| |
| Synonyms | |
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Miletus symethus, the great brownie,[1][2] is a small butterfly found in India[3][4] that belongs to the lycaenids or blues family. The species was first described by Pieter Cramer in 1777.
Range
[edit]It is found in the Naga Hills in India, Myanmar,[3][4] Malaya, Sumatra and the Philippines.
Status
[edit]The species is considered very rare.[3][4]
Description
[edit]A small butterfly, 40 to 50 mm in wingspan, it is the largest of the genus. The upper forewing in both sexes has a broad white discal band which extends right up to dorsum, the upper edge of which is sharply angled at vein 3. The upper hindwing has a pale discal streak.[4]
Technical description
[edit]The male has the upperside of wings dusky brownish black. The ground colour of the forewings darker, almost pure black in fresh specimens, on the apical third of the wing; a short streak in the middle of interspace 1, a more outwardly produced similar streak in interspace 2, basal halves of interspaces 3 and 4, the lower apex of the discoidal cell and the extreme base of interspace 5, white, all forming a median conspicuous irregular white patch on the wing, narrowly traversed by the veins which are greyish brown. Hindwing: more uniform, slightly darker on its anterior half. Underside: light brown with an ochraceous tint. Forewing: the median white patch as on the upperside but larger, its margins less clearly defined, continued posteriorly to the dorsal margin; obscure catenulated (in the form of a chain), incomplete, transverse, white-margined narrow bands, two at base and two or three very short ones above the white median patch on the costal area, from between the outer two of these latter a transverse, zigzag, very slender, somewhat obscure white line crosses the anterior portion of the wing to vein 4; lastly a pre-tornal quadrate brown spot near apex of interspace 1a and an obscure sub-terminal transverse series of slightly lunular small brown spots; the ground colour terminally paler and more ochraceous than on the inner portions of the wing. Hindwing: crossed by very obscure sinuous brown and white slender lines, that on the costal area form very short, obsolescent, catenulated narrow brown bands; a subterminal series of brown slender lunules, sometimes obsolete. Antennae, head, thorax and abdomen brown; beneath: paler, the palpi and thorax more or less white.
The female has the upperside forewings of dark brown; base shaded with greyish brown; the white median patch as in the male, but very much larger, its upper margin irregularly curved; it is spread over the anterior two-thirds of the cell, extends beyond it into the bases of interspaces 4, 5 and 6, and below the cell it occupies the basal four-fifths of interspaces 1 and 2. Hindwing: costal margin broadly dark brownish; wing posteriorly from below the subcostal vein and vein 6a beautiful pale bluish-grey; a broad whitish streak beyond the cell not reaching the termen. Underside, forewing: the median white patch as on the upperside but larger, extending to the dorsal margin and base of cell; base of wing, costal margin above the sub-costal vein and conjoined upper discal obliquely-placed patch greyish brown; apex of wing whitish, termen between veins 1 and 6 broadly stained with rusty; a conspicuous rusty pretornal spot; some obscure white-margined spots at base of cell and along costa, and a transverse sub-terminal series of black dots. Hindwing: pale ochraceous white, darkening to rusty brown towards the middle of the termen; a subbasal, a median and a discal transverse incomplete macular brown band, each spot in the bands margined on the inner and outer sides by slender black lines; finally a subterminal transverse series of short slender black threads. Antenna, head, thorax and abdomen as in the male.[5]
Taxonomy
[edit]The butterfly was earlier known as Gerydus symethus (Cramer).[4]
Subspecies
[edit]
- M. s. symethus (Java)
- M. s. acampsis (Fruhstorfer, 1913) (northern Sumatra)
- M. s. atimonicus Murayama & Okamura, 1973
- M. s. batuensis (Fruhstorfer, 1914) (Batu Islands)
- M. s. edonus (Fruhstorfer, 1913) (Philippines: Palawan)
- M. s. hierophantes (Fruhstorfer, 1915) (northern Borneo, Sulu Islands)
- M. s. nuctus Eliot, 1961 (Sumatra)
- M. s. perlucidus (Fruhstorfer, 1913) (Bali, Lombok, eastern Java)
- M. s. petronius (Distant & Pryer, 1887) (Burma, Thailand, Langkawi, Malay Peninsula, Singapore, Borneo, Bangka, Natuna, Belitung, Karimata)
- M. s. phantus Eliot, 1986 (Philippines: Marinduque, Luzon)
- M. s. philopator (Fruhstorfer, 1914) (Philippines)
- M. s. solitarius Okubo, 1983 (Tioman)
- M. s. vespasianus (Fruhstorfer, 1913) (Nias)
Cited references
[edit]- ^ Savela, Markku (28 September 2016). "Miletus symethus (Cramer, [1777])". Lepidoptera and Some Other Life Forms. Retrieved 14 January 2020.
- ^ Beccaloni, G.; Scoble, M.; Kitching, I.; Simonsen, T.; Robinson, G.; Pitkin, B.; Hine, A.; Lyal, C., eds. (2003). "Miletus symethus". The Global Lepidoptera Names Index. Natural History Museum. Retrieved 21 April 2018.
- ^ a b c Evans, W. H. (1932). The Identification of Indian Butterflies (2nd ed.). Mumbai, India: Bombay Natural History Society. p. 211, ser no H5.6.
- ^ a b c d e Wynter-Blyth, Mark Alexander (1957). Butterflies of the Indian Region. Bombay, India: Bombay Natural History Society. p. 254. ISBN 978-8170192329.
- ^ Bingham, C. T. (1907). The Fauna of British India, Including Ceylon and Burma: Butterflies Volume II. London: Taylor and Francis, Ltd.
See also
[edit]References
[edit]
- Evans, W. H. (1932). The Identification of Indian Butterflies (2nd ed.). Mumbai, India: Bombay Natural History Society.
- Wynter-Blyth, Mark Alexander (1957). Butterflies of the Indian Region. Bombay, India: Bombay Natural History Society. ISBN 978-8170192329.
External links
[edit]- Takanami, Yusuke & Seki, Yasuo (2001). "Genus Miletus". A Synonymic List of Lycaenidae from the Philippines. Archived from the original on 30 June 2001 – via Internet Archive. With images.