List of extinct cetaceans
The list of extinct cetaceans features the extinct genera and species of the order Cetacea. The cetaceans (whales, dolphins and porpoises) are descendants of land-living mammals, the even-toed ungulates. The earliest cetaceans were still hoofed mammals. These early cetaceans became gradually better adapted for swimming than for walking on land, finally evolving into fully marine cetaceans.
This list currently includes only fossil genera and species. However, the Atlantic population of gray whales (Eschrichtius robustus) became extinct in the 18th century, and the baiji (or Chinese river dolphin, Lipotes vexillifer) was declared "functionally extinct" after an expedition in late 2006 failed to find any in the Yangtze River.
Suborder Archaeoceti
Family Ambulocetidae
(Eocene)
Family Basilosauridae
(Late Eocene)
Family Kekenodontidae
(Oligocene)
Family Pakicetidae
(Early to Middle Eocene)
Family Protocetidae
(Eocene)
Family Remingtonocetidae
(Eocene)
Suborder Mysticeti
Family Aetiocetidae
(Oligocene)
Family Llanocetidae
(Late Eocene-Early Oligocene)
Family Mammalodontidae
(jr synonym Janjucetidae)
(Late Oligocene)
Family incertae sedis
Clade Chaeomysticeti
Family incertae sedis
Superfamily Eomysticetoidea
Family Cetotheriopsidae
(Oligocene to Miocene)
Family Eomysticetidae
(Oligocene to early Miocene)
Family Aglaocetidae
(Miocene)
Superfamily Balaenoidea
Family Balaenidae
(Miocene to Recent)
- Antwerpibalaena
- Archaeobalaena[8]
- Balaena
- Balaenella
- Balaenotus
- Balaenula
- Eubalaena (extant)
- Idiocetus
- Peripolocetus
- Protobalaena
Family incertae sedis
Clade Thalassotherii
Family Cetotheriidae
(Miocene - Pliocene)
Classification follows Steeman (2007) unless otherwise noted.[9]
- Brandtocetus
- Cephalotropis
- Cetotherium
- Ciuciulea
- Eucetotherium
- Halicetus
- Herentalia
- Herpetocetus
- Hibacetus[10]
- Joumocetus
- Kurdalagonus
- Metopocetus
- Mithridatocetus
- Nannocetus
Parietobalaena palmeri skull - Piscobalaena
- Thinocetus
- Titanocetus[11]
- Tiucetus
- Vampalus
- Zygiocetus[12]
Family Diorocetidae
(Miocene to Pliocene)
Family Neobalaenidae
(Miocene to Recent)
Family Pelocetidae
(Miocene)
Family incertae sedis
Superfamily Balaenopteroidea
Family Balaenopteridae
(Miocene to Recent)
- Archaebalaenoptera
- Balaenoptera (extant)
- "Balaenoptera" cortesii
- "Balaenoptera" portisi
- "Balaenoptera" ryani
- Burtinopsis
- Cetotheriophanes
- Fragilicetus[14]
- Incakujira
- Miobalaenoptera
- Norrisanima
- Nehalaennia
- Parabalaenoptera
- Plesiobalaenoptera
- Plesiocetus
- Praemegaptera
- Protororqualus
Family Eschrichtiidae
(Miocene to Recent)
Family Tranatocetidae
Family incertae sedis
- Mioceta (nomen dubium)
- Piscocetus
- Siphonocetus (nomen dubium)
- Tretulias (nomen dubium)
- Ulias (nomen dubium)
Suborder Odontoceti
Basal forms
Family Agorophiidae
(Late Oligocene)
Family Ashleycetidae
(Early Oligocene)
Family Mirocetidae
(Early Oligocene)
Family Patriocetidae
(Oligocene to Early Miocene)
Family Simocetidae
(Late Oligocene)
Family Xenorophidae
(Oligocene)
Family Inticetidae
Family Microzeuglodontidae
Family Squaloziphiidae
(Early Miocene)
Family incertae sedis
Superfamily Squalodontoidea
Family Dalpiazinidae
(Late Oligocene to Miocene)
Family Prosqualodontidae
(Oligocene to Miocene)
Family Squalodontidae
(Oligocene to Pliocene)
- Austrosqualodon
- Eosqualodon
- Macrophoca
- Pachyodon
- Squalodon (syn. Kelloggia, Rhizoprion, Crenidelphinus, Arionius, Phocodon)
- Smilocamptus
- Tangaroasaurus
Superfamily Physeteroidea
Family Kogiidae
(Miocene to recent)
- Aprixokogia
- Kogia (extant)
- Koristocetus
- Nanokogia
- Pliokogia
- Praekogia
- Scaphokogia
- Thalassocetus
Family Physeteridae
- Aulophyseter
- Diaphorocetus
- Ferecetotherium
- Idiophyseter
- Idiorophus
- Orycterocetus
- Physeterula
- Placoziphius
- Preaulophyseter
Family incertae sedis
- Acrophyseter
- Albicetus
- Brygmophyseter
- Eudelphis
- Helvicetus (nomen dubium)
- Hoplocetus (nomen dubium)
- Kogiopsis
- Livyatan[18]
- Miokogia (nomen dubium)
- Paleophoca (nomen dubium)
- Placoziphius
- Prophyseter (nomen dubium)
- Scaldicetus (nomen dubium)
- Zygophyseter
Superfamily "Eurhinodelphinoidea"
Family Argyrocetidae
(Late Oligocene to Early Miocene)
Family Eoplatanistidae
(Miocene)
Family Eurhinodelphinidae
(Mid Miocene to Pliocene)
- Ceterhinops
- Eurhinodelphis
- Iniopsis
- Mycteriacetus
- Phocaenopsis
- Schizodelphis
- Vanbreenia
- Xiphiacetus
- Ziphiodelphis
Superfamily Platanistoidea
Family Allodelphinidae
(Early to Middle Miocene)
Family Platanistidae
(Miocene to Recent)
Family Squalodelphinidae
(Early to Late Miocene)
Family Waipatiidae
Superfamily Ziphioidea
Family Ziphiidae
(Miocene to Recent)
- Basal forms
- Subfamily Berardiinae
- Subfamily Hyperoodontinae
- Africanacetus
- Ihlengesi
- Khoikhoicetus
- Mesoplodon (extant)
- Nenga
- Pterocetus
- Xhosacetus
- Subfamily Ziphiinae
- Subfamily incertae sedis
Clade Delphinida
Family Kentriodontidae
(Early-Middle Miocene)
Family incertae sedis
- Anacharsis
- Belonodelphis
- Delphinavus
- Graamocetus
- Hadrodelphis
- Lamprolithax
- Leptodelphis
- Liolithax
- Lophocetus
- Loxolithax
- Macrokentriodon
- Microphocaena
- Miodelphis
- Nannolithax
- Oedolithax
- Oligodelphis
- Palaeophocaena
- Pithanodelphis
- Platylithax
- Prionodelphis
- Protodelphinus
- Sarmatodelphis
- Sophianacetus
- Tagicetus
Superfamily Delphinoidea
Family Albireonidae
(Miocene to Pliocene)
Family Delphinidae
(Oligocene to Recent)
- Arimidelphis
- Astadelphis
- Australodelphis
- Delphinus (extant)
- Eodelphinus
- Etruridelphis
- Hemisyntrachelus
- Lagenorhynchus (extant)
- Norisdelphis
- Orcinus (extant)
- Platalearostrum[24]
- Protoglobicephala
- Pseudorca (extant)
- Septidelphis[25]
- Sinanodelphis
- Stenella (extant)
- Tursiops (extant)
Family Monodontidae
(Miocene to Pliocene)
Family Odobenocetopsidae
(Pliocene)
Family Phocoenidae
(Miocene to Recent)
- Archaeophocaena
- Australithax
- Brabocetus
- Haborophocoena
- Lomacetus
- Miophocaena
- Numataphocoena
- Piscolithax
- Pterophocaena
- Salumiphocaena
- Semirostrum[26]
- Septemtriocetus
Superfamily Inioidea
Family Iniidae
Family Pontoporiidae
(Middle Miocene to Recent)
Superfamily Lipotoidea
Family Lipotidae
(Miocene to Recent)
Superfamily incertae sedis
Family incertae sedis
- Acrodelphis
- Champsodelphis
- Hesperocetus
- Imerodelphis (Miocene)
- Kharthlidelphis
- Lonchodelphis
- Macrochirifer
- Microcetus
- Microsqualodon
- Neosqualodon
- Pelodelphis
- Rhabdosteus (nomen dubium)
- Sulakocetus
See also
References
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{{cite journal}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|month=(help) - ^ Otsuka, H.; Ota, Y. (2008). "Cetotheres from the early Middle Miocene Bihoku Group in Shobara District, Hiroshima Prefecture, West Japan". Miscellaneous Reports of the Hiwa Museum for Natural History. 49 (2): 1–66.
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{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|authors=ignored (help) - ^ Bisconti, M.; Bosselaers, M. (2016). "Fragilicetus velponi: a new mysticete genus and species and its implications for the origin of Balaenopteridae (Mammalia, Cetacea, Mysticeti)". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 177: 450–474. doi:10.1111/zoj.12370.
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