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List of Bronze Age states

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Further information: 4th millennium BC, 3rd millennium BC, and 2nd millennium BC
Overview map of the world at the end of the 2nd millennium BC, color-coded by cultural stage:
  Palaeolithic or Mesolithic hunter-gatherers
  nomadic pastoralists
  simple farming societies
  complex farming societies (Old World Bronze Age, Andes)
  state societies (Fertile Crescent, China)
Bronze Age
↑ Chalcolithic
Africa, Near East (c. 3300–1200 BC)
Egypt, Anatolia, Caucasus, Elam, Levant, Mesopotamia, Sistan, Canaan Late Bronze Age collapse
East Asia (c. 3100–300 BC)
Erlitou, Erligang, Gojoseon, Jomon, Majiayao, Mumun, Qijia, Siwa, Wucheng, Xindian, Yueshi, Xia dynasty, Shang dynasty, Sanxingdui, Zhou dynasty
Eurasia and Siberia (c. 2700–700 BC)
Poltavka culture, Abashevo culture, Sintashta culture, Andronovo culture, Mezhovskaya culture, Cherkaskul culture
Europe (c. 3200–900 BC)
Aegean (Cycladic, Minoan, Mycenaean), Caucasus, Catacomb culture, Srubnaya culture, Bell Beaker culture, Apennine culture, Terramare culture, Únětice culture, Tumulus culture, Urnfield culture, Proto-Villanovan culture, Hallstatt culture, Canegrate culture, Golasecca culture, Argaric culture, Atlantic Bronze Age, Bronze Age Britain, Nordic Bronze Age
Indian subcontinent (c. 3300–1200 BC)
Indus Valley Civilisation, Bronze Age India, Ochre Coloured Pottery, Cemetery H
Topics
Arsenical bronze, writing, literature, Sword, Chariot
↓ Iron Age

The Bronze Age (c. 3300–1200 BC) marks the emergence of the first complex state societies, and by the Middle Bronze Age (mid-3rd millennium BC) the first empires. This is a list of Bronze Age polities.

By the end of the Bronze Age, complex state societies were mostly limited to the Fertile Crescent and to China, while Bronze Age tribal chiefdoms with less complex forms of administration were found throughout Bronze Age Europe and Central Asia, in the northern Indian subcontinent, and in parts of Mesoamerica and the Andes (although these latter societies were not in the Bronze Age cultural stage).

West Asia

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Further information: List of cities of the ancient Near East
The Hittite Empire shown in blue, late Bronze Age, 1400 BC
Ancient history
Preceded by prehistory
Near East
Europe
Horn of Africa
North Africa
Eurasian Steppe
Central Asia
East Asia
South Asia
Northern America
Mesoamerica
Andes
Caribbean
West Africa and Central Africa
Southeast Asia and Oceania
See also
Name Capital State type Existed
Akkadian Empire Akkad Empire 2334–2154 BC
Alashiya Enkomi, Kalavasos Kingdom 1450–1050 BC
Amurru Sumer Kingdom 2000–1200 BC
Arme-Shupria Van Kingdom 1290–1190 BC
Armi Armi Kingdom city state/client 2290–40 BC
Arzawa Apasa Confederation of principalities 1700–1300 BC
Assyria Assur Empire 2025–609 BC
Assuwa league Various Confederation of city states 1400–1250 BC
Babylonia Babylon Empire 1894–1595 BC
Byblos Byblos Phoenocian city state 1800–970 BC
Canaan Various Confederation of city states 1800–1194 BC
Dilmun Qal'at Kingdom 2600–675 BC
Ebla Ebla Kingdom 3500–1600 BC
Elam Susa Kingdom 2700–1210 BC
Eshnuna Eshnunna Kingdom city state 2000 BC – 8th century BC
Gutium Arrapkha Kingdom 2141–2050 BC
Hatti Hattusa Principality city states 2700–1900 BC
Hayasa-Azzi Samuha 2 Kingdom confederation 1500–1190 BC
Hittite Empire Hattusa Empire 1600–1178 BC
Hyksos Itjtawy, Thebes Confederacy 1800–1180 BC
Isuwa not specified Kingdom 2800 – 12th c BC
Kassite Babylon Kingdom 1750–1135 BC
Kaskia Zalpa, Nerik Tribal confederation/kingdom 1430–1200 BC
Kizzuwatna Kummanni Kingdom 1600–1220 BC
Kussara Kussara Kingdom city states 1900–1650 BC
Lukka Not specified Tribal kingdom 2000–1183 BC
Lullubi Lulubuna Tribal kingdom 2400–650 BC
Luvia Tribal kingdom 2000–1400 BC
Magan Not specified Kingdom 2200–550 BC
Marhasi Marhaši Kingdom city state 2900–1900 BC
Mari Mari Kingdom city state 2900–1759 BC
Mittani Washukanni Kingdom 1600–1300 BC
Namar Namar Kingdom 2350–750 BC
Nagar Nagar Kingdom 2600–2300 BC
Pala ? Kingdom ???–1178 BC
Phoenicia Various Kingdom city states 2500–539 BC
Purushanda Purušhanda Kingdom city state 2000–1650 BC
Qatna Qatna City-State 2000–1340 BC
Sea Peoples Not specified Tribal confederacy 1575–1175 BC
Sumer Various Kingdom city states 4500–1900 BC
Troas Troy Kingdom 2000–700 BC
Ugarit Ugarit Kingdom city state 2500–1090 BC
Ur Ur city state 3800–800 BC
Urkesh Urkesh Kingdom city state/client 2250–1350 BC
Yamhad Halab Kingdom 1810–1525 BC
Zalpa Zalpa Kingdom city state/client 1830–1670 BC

Africa

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Name Capital/s Type Existed
Early Dynastic Egypt Thinis, Memphis Kingdom 3150–2686 BC
Old Kingdom of Egypt Memphis Kingdom 2686–2181 BC
Kingdom of Egypt Thebes Kingdom 2055–1550 BC
Egyptian Empire Akhetaten, Pi-Ramesses, Thebes Empire 1550–1069 BC
Nubia Kerma Principalities[1] 2500–15th century BC
Libu Not specified Tribal chiefdoms 1550–630 BC[2]
Punt Not specified Kingdom 2400–1069 BC

Americas

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name capital state type existed
Caral–Supe civilization Various city states 3500–1800 BC
Casma-Sechin Various city state 3600–200 BC
Olmec La Venta Kingdom city states 1600–400 BC

Europe

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Name Capital/s Type Existed
Minoa Knossos Kingdom city states 3100–1000 BC
Mycenaea Mycenae Kingdom city states 1600–1100 BC
Sea Peoples Not specified Tribal confederacy 1500 – 1175 BC

Asia

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Eurasian Steppe and Central Asia

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Name Capital Type Existed
Bactria–Margiana Gonur Tribal kingdoms 2300–1700 BC
Colchis Phasis Kingdom 1300 BC – 2nd century AD

East Asia

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Approximate location of the territory of the Shang Kingdom within China
name capital state type existed
Qi Qi Dukedom 1600–445 BC
Shang Anyang Kingdom 1600–1046 BC
Xia Yangcheng Kingdom 2070–1600 BC

South Asia

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Ruins of houses at Mehrgarh, Balochistan.
Extent of various city states of the Harrapa Civilization by researcher Rajesh Rao.
name capital state type existed
Mehrgarh Mehrgarh unclear 7000 –2500/2000 BC
Indus Valley civilization Harappa ? unclear 3300–1300 BC


See also

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References

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  1. ^ "Karmah Archaeological site (The Sudan)". Encyclopædia Britannica. Britannica Inc. Retrieved 11 August 2014.
  2. ^ Taylor, Francis. "Kingdoms of North Africa: Encyclopaedia of African History: Volume 1 A-G". 1999–2014. The History Files. Retrieved 18 March 2014.
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