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Kangra district

Coordinates: 32°13′0″N 76°19′0″E / 32.21667°N 76.31667°E / 32.21667; 76.31667
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This article is about the district in India. For its namesake municipality, see Kangra, Himachal Pradesh.

Kangra district
Nagarkot, Trigarta
District of Himachal Pradesh
Clockwise from top-left: Baijnath Shiva temple, McLeod Ganj from Dalai Lama temple, Ranjit Singh Gate, Kangra Fort, Masrur Temples, View of Dhauladhar Range from Triund
Location in Himachal Pradesh
Location in Himachal Pradesh
Coordinates: 32°13′0″N 76°19′0″E / 32.21667°N 76.31667°E / 32.21667; 76.31667
Country India
State Himachal Pradesh
Division, Part ofKangra
Tehsils
 
HeadquartersDharamshala
Government
 • Lok Sabha Constituency, part of

 • Member of Parliament, Lok SabhaRajeev Bhardwaj[1]

 • Deputy CommissionerNipun jindal, IAS[2]

 • Superintendent of PoliceVimukt Ranjan, IPS[3]
Area
 • Total
5,739 km2 (2,216 sq mi)
Highest elevation
(Hanuman Tibba[4])
5,930 m (19,460 ft)
Lowest elevation
500 m (1,600 ft)
Population
 (2011)
 • Total
1,510,075
 • Density263/km2 (680/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+5:30 (IST)
Vehicle registrationHP- 68(RTO),
01/ 02D(Taxi)
Largest cityDharamshala
Gender ratio1012 females/1000 males
Literacy rate85.67%
Vidhan Sabha Constituencies15
 
ClimateETh (Köppen)
Avg. summer temperature32 °C (90 °F)
Avg. winter temperature20 °C (68 °F)
Websitehpkangra.nic.in

Kangra district is the most populous[5] district of the Indian state of Himachal Pradesh. Dharamshala is the administrative headquarters of the district.

History

[edit]
See also: History of the Punjab and Kangra Fort

Kangra is known for having one of the oldest serving Royal Dynasty in the world, the Katoch of the Kangra State.[6] In 1758, Raja Ghamand Chand was appointed nazim or governor of Jullundur Doab under the Afghans. Ghamand Chand was a brave and strong ruler who restored the prestige of Kangra. As he was unable to capture Kangra Fort, he built another fort at Tira Sujanpur on the left bank of the Beas, almost opposite to Alampur on a hill overlooking the town. He died in 1774 and was succeeded by his son, Tegh Chand, who died too soon in 1775.[7] Ghamand Chand's grandson, Raja Sansar Chand (r. 1775–1823) established the supremacy of Kangra over all the surrounding hill states. During his reign, Kangra became a major centre for the arts and several palaces were built.[8]

In 1805, the neighbouring hill states rebelled, with the aid of the Gurkha army. Raja Sansar Chand was forced to seek the help of Maharaja Ranjit Singh of the Sikh Empire . The Gurkha army was expelled but Ranjit Singh also annexed the most fertile part of the Kangra valley, reducing the Katochs of Kangra as well as the neighbouring rajas to the status of vassals.[8] Kangra was annexed by Maharaja Ranjit Singh's Sikh Empire in 1810.

Kangra became a district of British India in 1846, when it was ceded to British India at the conclusion of the First Anglo-Sikh War. The British district included the present-day districts of Kangra, Hamirpur, Kullu, and Lahul and Spiti. Kangra District was part of the British province of Punjab. The administrative headquarters of the district were initially at Kangra, but were moved to Dharamshala in 1855.[9][10]

Demographics

[edit]
Historical population
YearPop.±% p.a.
1901478,364—    
1911469,046−0.20%
1921469,251+0.00%
1931494,658+0.53%
1941563,163+1.31%
1951570,643+0.13%
1961657,232+1.42%
1971800,863+2.00%
1981990,758+2.15%
19911,174,072+1.71%
20011,339,030+1.32%
20111,510,075+1.21%
source:[11]

According to the 2011 census Kangra district had population of 1,510,075. The district has a population density of 263 inhabitants per square kilometre (680/sq mi). Its population growth rate over the decade 2001-2011 was 12.77%. 5.71% of the population lives in urban areas. Kangra district has a sex ratio of 1012 females per 1000 males and a literacy rate of 85.67%. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes made up 21.15% and 5.60% of the population respectively.[12]: 18 

District highlights of 2011 Census[12]

  • Kangra district has the highest number of 3,869 villages among the 12 district of the state.
  • Kangra district stands 1st position in terms of its working force having total workers of 675,170 persons against 3,559,422 working persons of the state.
  • Kangra district occupies 1st rank among the districts of the state in terms of literate population. It has a literate population of 1,152,640 persons.
  • The economy of Kangra district is mainly depends on agriculture. It has returned 303,007 persons as cultivators and holds the 2nd position among the districts of the state
  • All the inhabited villages of the district enjoy the facility of electricity and potable drinking water.
  • Kangra district is also known for its attractive tourist destinations. Dharamsala, Kangra, Palampur, Baijnath, Jawalamukhi and Masroor are the famous places of tourist interest in the district. McLeodganj in Dharamsala is a seat of the Dalai Lama has become a place of international fame since 1966.
  • Central University of Himachal Pradesh at Dharamsala in Kangra district was established on 20 March 2009 under the Central University Act 2009(No.25 of 2009) of Indian Parliament.

The native people are the Kangri people and the native language is Kangri, which is very similar to Dogri. The majority of the people are Hindu, although many Tibetans and others who follow Buddhism have also settled here recently. There are also other minorities such as Sikhs, Muslims, and Christians.

Jhamakda is a folk dance of Kangra. It is exclusively performed by women. It features percussion instruments and songs.[13]

Religion

[edit]
Religions in Kangra district (2011)[14]
Religion Percent
Hinduism
 
 96.76%
Islam
 
 1.31%
Buddhism
 
 0.96%
Sikhism
 
 0.59%
Other or not stated
 
 0.42%
Distribution of religions
Religion in Kangra District
Religious
group 		2011[14]
Pop. %
Hinduism 1,461,140 96.76%
Islam 19,797 1.31%
Buddhism 14,511 0.96%
Sikhism 8,929 0.59%
Christianity 3,023 0.2%
Jainism 194 0.01%
Others 2,481 0.16%
Total Population 1,510,075 100%
Religious groups in Kangra District (British Punjab province era)
Religious
group 		1881[15][16][17] 1891[18] 1901[19] 1911[20][21] 1921[22] 1931[23] 1941[24]
Pop. % Pop. % Pop. % Pop. % Pop. % Pop. % Pop. %
Hinduism [a] 687,635 94.09% 715,607 93.78% 722,554 94.07% 725,156 94.13% 722,277 94.28% 752,098 93.86% 846,531 94.12%
Islam 39,148 5.36% 39,709 5.2% 39,672 5.16% 38,859 5.04% 38,263 4.99% 40,483 5.05% 43,249 4.81%
Buddhism 2,860 0.39% 5,768 0.76% 4,176 0.54% 3,992 0.52% 3,019 0.39% 5,663 0.71% 8 0%
Sikhism 738 0.1% 1,461 0.19% 1,220 0.16% 1,910 0.25% 2,083 0.27% 2,396 0.3% 4,809 0.53%
Christianity 327 0.04% 343 0.04% 385 0.05% 386 0.05% 363 0.05% 576 0.07% 788 0.09%
Jainism 133 0.02% 140 0.02% 113 0.01% 81 0.01% 56 0.01% 94 0.01% 101 0.01%
Zoroastrianism 4 0% 2 0% 4 0% 2 0% 4 0% 2 0% 3,890 0.43%
Judaism — — 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0%
Others 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% 1 0%
Total population 730,845 100% 763,030 100% 768,124 100% 770,386 100% 766,065 100% 801,312 100% 899,377 100%
Note: British Punjab province era district borders are not an exact match in the present-day due to various bifurcations to district borders — which since created new districts — throughout the historic Punjab Province region during the post-independence era that have taken into account population increases.
Religion in the Tehsils of Kangra District (1921)[22]
Tehsil Hinduism Islam Sikhism Christianity Jainism Others[b] Total
Pop. % Pop. % Pop. % Pop. % Pop. % Pop. % Pop. %
Kangra Tehsil 110,804 93.61% 7,270 6.14% 192 0.16% 104 0.09% 0 0% 4 0% 118,374 100%
Dehra Tehsil 119,197 95.63% 4,787 3.84% 647 0.52% 7 0.01% 0 0% 0 0% 124,638 100%
Nurpur Tehsil 78,504 82.23% 16,540 17.32% 419 0.44% 7 0.01% 0 0% 0 0% 95,470 100%
Harimpur Tehsil 162,608 96.5% 5,504 3.27% 339 0.2% 0 0% 53 0.03% 0 0% 168,504 100%
Palampur Tehsil 133,456 97.38% 3,077 2.25% 441 0.32% 78 0.06% 0 0% 0 0% 137,052 100%
Kulu Tehsil 117,708 96.46% 1,085 0.89% 45 0.04% 167 0.14% 3 0% 3,019 2.47% 122,027 100%
Note: British Punjab province era tehsil borders are not an exact match in the present-day due to various bifurcations to tehsil borders — which since created new tehsils — throughout the historic Punjab Province region during the post-independence era that have taken into account population increases.
Religion in the Tehsils of Kangra District (1941)[24]
Tehsil Hinduism [a] Islam Sikhism Christianity Jainism Others[c] Total
Pop. % Pop. % Pop. % Pop. % Pop. % Pop. % Pop. %
Kangra Tehsil 129,089 92.98% 8,574 6.18% 833 0.6% 214 0.15% 0 0% 130 0.09% 138,840 100%
Dehra Tehsil 141,009 95.64% 5,370 3.64% 1,035 0.7% 28 0.02% 0 0% 2 0% 147,444 100%
Nurpur Tehsil 83,565 80.12% 18,659 17.89% 2,067 1.98% 12 0.01% 0 0% 1 0% 104,304 100%
Harimpur Tehsil 194,801 96.76% 6,067 3.01% 362 0.18% 1 0% 97 0.05% 3 0% 201,331 100%
Palampur Tehsil 166,397 97.73% 3,207 1.88% 398 0.23% 231 0.14% 0 0% 23 0.01% 170,256 100%
Kulu Tehsil 131,670 95.97% 1,372 1% 114 0.08% 104 0.08% 4 0% 3,938 2.87% 137,202 100%
Note1: British Punjab province era tehsil borders are not an exact match in the present-day due to various bifurcations to tehsil borders — which since created new tehsils — throughout the historic Punjab Province region during the post-independence era that have taken into account population increases.

Note2: Tehsil religious breakdown figures for Christianity only includes local Christians, labelled as "Indian Christians" on census. Does not include Anglo-Indian Christians or British Christians, who were classified under "Other" category.

Language

[edit]

Languages of Kangra district (2011)[25]

  Kangri (70.88%)
  Pahari (14.92%)
  Hindi (5.55%)
  Gaddi (2.64%)
  Punjabi (2.06%)
  Others (3.95%)

At the 2011 Census, 70.88% of the population in the district spoke Kangri, 14.92% Pahari, 5.55% Hindi, 2.64% Gaddi and 2.06% Punjabi as their first language.[25]

Politics

[edit]
Main article: 14th Himachal Pradesh Assembly
Constituency Party MLA Remark
No. Name
6 Nurpur BJP Ranveer Singh
7 Indora (SC) INC Malender Rajan
8 Fatehpur INC Bhawani Singh Pathania
9 Jawali INC Chander Kumar Cabinet Minister
10 Dehra IND Hoshyar Singh
11 Jaswan-Pragpur BJP Bikram Thakur
12 Jawalamukhi INC Sanjay Rattan
13 Jaisinghpur (SC) INC Yadvinder Goma
14 Sullah BJP Vipin Singh Parmar
15 Nagrota INC Raghubir Singh Bali
16 Kangra BJP Pawan Kumar Kajal
17 Shahpur INC Kewal Singh Pathania
18 Dharamshala BJP Sudhir Sharma
19 Palampur INC Ashish Butail
20 Baijnath (SC) INC Kishori Lal

Wildlife Sanctuaries

[edit]

Dhauladhar Wildlife Sanctuary

[edit]

Dhauladhar Wildlife Sanctuary is located at an altitude of 1600 m going up to 4400 m, Dhauladhar Wildlife Sanctuary was established in 1994 by the Wildlife Department of Himachal Pradesh Government. It is situated in Kangra district. The wildlife sanctuary is covered by snow-clad mountains from three sides. The flora of Dhauladhar Wildlife Sanctuary includes deodar, rhododendron, oak, spruce, pine, and mixed conifers. This wildlife sanctuary is home to animals such as red fox, black bear, leopard sambar, Asiatic lion, angora rabbit, and deer. It covers an area of 982.86 sq.km.[26]

Pong Dam Lake Wildlife Sanctuary

[edit]

Pong Dam Lake Wildlife Sanctuary covers an areas of 207.95 sq. km. in Kangra district. It is spread through the submerged area between Pong Dam Terrace (Talwara) to the bridge on Beas River at Dehra. It was created in1975, by building the highest earthfill dam in India on the Beas River in the wetland zone of the Siwalik Hills.[citation needed]

Education

[edit]

Schools

[edit]

Notable people

[edit]

See also

[edit]
* Chambi, Himachal Pradesh

Notes and references

[edit]
  1. ^ "Members : Lok Sabha".
  2. ^ "Deputy Commissioner Kangra, Himachal Pradesh | District Kangra, Government of Himachal Pradesh | India". Archived from the original on 2 June 2021. Retrieved 1 June 2021.
  3. ^ "Who's Who | District Kangra, Government of Himachal Pradesh | India". Archived from the original on 2 June 2021. Retrieved 1 June 2021.
  4. ^ "Hanuman Tibba Climbing Expedition (19450 Ft.)". Archived from the original on 2 June 2021. Retrieved 1 June 2021.
  5. ^ "District Census 2011". Census2011.co.in. 2011. Archived from the original on 11 June 2011. Retrieved 30 September 2011.
  6. ^ "Gazetteer of the Kangra district (1883-1884)" (PDF). p. 48.
  7. ^ "Kangra from the Pages of History" (PDF). himachalpradeshtravel.com. Archived from the original (PDF) on 1 July 2018. Retrieved 11 January 2022.
  8. ^ a b Parry, Jonathan P. (2013). Caste and Kinship in Kangra. Routledge. p. 11. ISBN 978-1-136-54585-6.
  9. ^ Kangra District Archived 10 May 2021 at the Wayback Machine The Imperial Gazetteer of India, v. 14, p. 380.
  10. ^ Dharamshala Archived 14 April 2021 at the Wayback Machine The Imperial Gazetteer of India, v. 11, p. 301.
  11. ^ "Decadal Variation In Population Since 1901". Archived from the original on 10 October 2021. Retrieved 31 May 2020.
  12. ^ a b "District Census Handbook: Kangra" (PDF). censusindia.gov.in. Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India. 2011. Archived (PDF) from the original on 25 November 2022.
  13. ^ "himachalpradeshtravel.com" (PDF). Kangra’s from the Pages of History. Archived (PDF) from the original on 1 July 2018. Retrieved 18 May 2022.
  14. ^ a b "Table C-01 Population by Religion: Himachal Pradesh". censusindia.gov.in. Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India. 2011. Archived from the original on 25 November 2022. Retrieved 25 November 2022.
  15. ^ "Census of India, 1881 Report on the Census of the Panjáb Taken on the 17th of February 1881, vol. I." 1881. JSTOR saoa.crl.25057656. Retrieved 26 December 2024.
  16. ^ "Census of India, 1881 Report on the Census of the Panjáb Taken on the 17th of February 1881, vol. II". 1881. p. 14. JSTOR saoa.crl.25057657. Retrieved 26 December 2024.
  17. ^ "Census of India, 1881 Report on the Census of the Panjáb Taken on the 17th of February 1881, vol. III". 1881. p. 14. JSTOR saoa.crl.25057658. Retrieved 26 December 2024.
  18. ^ "The Punjab and its feudatories, part II--Imperial Tables and Supplementary Returns for the British Territory". 1891. p. 14. JSTOR saoa.crl.25318669. Retrieved 26 December 2024.
  19. ^ "Census of India 1901. [Vol. 17A]. Imperial tables, I-VIII, X-XV, XVII and XVIII for the Punjab, with the native states under the political control of the Punjab Government, and for the North-west Frontier Province". 1901. p. 34. JSTOR saoa.crl.25363739. Archived from the original on 28 January 2024. Retrieved 23 March 2024.
  20. ^ "Census of India 1911. Vol. 14, Punjab. Pt. 2, Tables". 1911. p. 27. JSTOR saoa.crl.25393788. Archived from the original on 9 January 2024. Retrieved 23 March 2024.
  21. ^ Kaul, Harikishan (1911). "Census Of India 1911 Punjab Vol XIV Part II". p. 27. Retrieved 23 March 2024.
  22. ^ a b "Census of India 1921. Vol. 15, Punjab and Delhi. Pt. 2, Tables". 1921. p. 29. JSTOR saoa.crl.25430165. Archived from the original on 26 March 2023. Retrieved 23 March 2024.
  23. ^ "Census of India 1931. Vol. 17, Punjab. Pt. 2, Tables". 1931. p. 277. JSTOR saoa.crl.25793242. Archived from the original on 31 October 2023. Retrieved 23 March 2024.
  24. ^ a b India Census Commissioner (1941). "Census of India, 1941. Vol. 6, Punjab". p. 42. JSTOR saoa.crl.28215541. Archived from the original on 2 October 2022. Retrieved 23 March 2024.
  25. ^ a b "Table C-16 Population by Mother Tongue: Himachal Pradesh". www.censusindia.gov.in. Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India. Archived from the original on 27 October 2019. Retrieved 25 November 2022.
  26. ^ "Dhauladhar as Wildlife Sanctuary" (PDF). Government of himachal Pradesh - Department of Forests. Retrieved 18 September 2023.
  27. ^ "National Institute of Fashion Technology - [NIFT], Kangra". collegedunia.com. Retrieved 25 February 2022.
  1. ^ a b 1931-1941: Including Ad-Dharmis
  2. ^ Including Buddhism, Zoroastrianism, Judaism, Tribals, others, or not stated
  3. ^ Including Anglo-Indian Christians, British Christians, Buddhism, Zoroastrianism, Judaism, Tribals, others, or not stated

Further reading

[edit]
  • Hutchinson, J. & J. PH Vogel (1933). History of the Panjab Hill States, Vol. I. 1st edition: Govt. Printing, Punjab, Lahore, 1933. Reprint 2000. Department of Language and Culture, Himachal Pradesh. Chapter V Kangra State, pp. 99–198.
[edit]
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