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Judith of Habsburg

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Judith of Habsburg
Queen consort of Bohemia
Tenure1285–1297
Queen consort of Poland
Tenure1291–1297
Born1271
Died21 May 1297 (aged 26)
Prague, Bohemia
Burial
Royal Crypt in St. Vitus Cathedral
SpouseWenceslaus II of Bohemia
IssueWenceslaus III of Bohemia
Anne, Queen of Bohemia
Elisabeth, Queen of Bohemia
Margaret, Duchess of Brieg
HouseHouse of Habsburg
FatherRudolph I of Germany
MotherGertrude of Hohenburg

Judith of Habsburg (1271 – 21 May 1297) was the youngest daughter of Rudolph I of Germany and his wife Gertrude of Hohenburg. Judith was a member of the Habsburg family.

Biography

When Judith was five, she became the object of her father's political plans. Her father signed the Vienna peace treaty with Premysl Otakar II of Bohemia, and they decided that Judith should marry Wenceslaus, son and heir of Premysl Otakar.

Judith's sisters also married powerful kings and dukes; her sister Klementia married Charles Martel of Anjou, son of Charles II of Naples, and her sister Matilda married Louis II, Duke of Bavaria.

The formal marriage (engagement) was in 1279 in Jihlava, the second marriage took place in early 1285 in Cheb, and the bride was given a dowry "from the Duchy of Austria, Moravian border to the border of Danube". The wedding in Cheb was followed by "festive" wedding night, but soon after, Rudolph took Judith back to Germany, since she was still of a young age.

Wenceslaus' coronation had to be cancelled because Judith was not present. She did eventually leave her family in Germany and came to Prague to be with her husband. Like her father, Judith hated Zavish, Lord of Falkenstejn, stepfather of her husband. He had acted as regent with the Dowager Queen, Kunigunda of Slavonia, whom he secretly married. Judith helped bring Zavish to trial and he was eventually executed in 1290, five years after the death of Queen Kunigunda.

Judith tried to reconcile her husband and Albert I of Germany, her brother.[1] She also brought German influences to the Prague court, like the introduction of knights at court. She made Prague a cultural centre[2]

They were crowned King and Queen of Bohemia in 1297. Judith wasn't in good health during the time of the coronation having just given birth to her tenth child. She died weeks later.

According to the family chronicles, Judith was described as beautiful, noble and virtuous.[3] Judith helped to sort out problems between her husband and brother, Albert I of Germany. Judith also supported her husband's claim on Poland.[4]

Judith died 21 May 1297 in Prague, aged only twenty six. She was having constant pregnancies over twelve years of marriage, almost one child per year. Worn out by childbirth, Judith died weeks after giving birth to her youngest child and namesake, Judith.

Her husband went onto marry Elisabeth Richeza of Poland who bore him a daughter, Agnes.

Issue

Tombstone daughter Judith (died 1297), from the convent of Saint Agnes

Wenceslaus and Judith had ten children:

  1. Přemysl Otakar ( 6 May 1288 – 19 November 1288).
  2. Wenceslaus III ( 6 October 1289 – 4 August 1306); King of Bohemia, King of Hungary and King of Poland.
  3. Agnes ( 6 October 1289 - after 1292 before 1306), twin of Wenceslaus, betrothed to Rupert, son of Adolf, King of Germany but died young.
  4. Anna ( 10 October 1290 – 3 September 1313), married in 1306 to Henry of Carinthia.
  5. Elisabeth ( 20 January 1292 – 28 September 1330), married in 1310 to John I of Bohemia
  6. Judith ( 3 March 1293 – 3 August 1294).
  7. John ( 26 February 1294 – 1 March 1295).
  8. John ( 21 February 1295 – 6 December 1296).
  9. Margareta ( 21 February 1296 – 8 April 1322), married to Bolesław III the Generous, Duke of Wrocław.
  10. Judith (born and died 21 May 1297).

Of the ten children only four lived to adulthood.

Family legacy

Wenceslaus and then Anna and Elisabeth succeeded their father as rulers of Bohemia. Elisabeth was the mother of Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor, his son was Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor.

Judith is also an ancestor of Anne of Denmark who married James I of England, her children were Charles I of England and Elizabeth of Bohemia; Elizabeth is one of Judith's successors as Queen of Bohemia.

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Judith of Habsburg.

Ancestry

Family of Judith of Habsburg
16. Albert III, Count of Habsburg
8. Rudolph II, Count of Habsburg
17. Ida von Pfullendorf
4. Albert IV, Count of Habsburg
18. Gottfried von Staufen
9. Agnes of Staufen
2. Rudolph I of Germany
20. Hartmann III, Count of Kiburg and Dillingen
10. Ulrich, Count of Kiburg and Dillingen
21. Richenza von Lenzburg
5. Heilwig of Kiburg
22. Berthold IV, Duke of Zähringen
11. Anna von Zähringen
23. Heilwig of Frohburg
1. Judith of Habsburg
24. Burckhard III, Count of Hohenburg
12. Burckhard IV, Count of Hohenburg
6. Burckhard V, Count of Hohenburg
3. Gertrude of Hohenburg
28. Rudolph I, Count Palatine of Tübingen
14. Rudolph II, Count Palatine of Tübingen
29. Mechtild of Gleiberg, Countess of Giessen
7. Mechtild of Tübingen
30. Henry, Margrave of Ronsberg
15. unnamed
31. Udilhild of Gammertingen
Judith of Habsburg
Born: 1271 Died: 1297
Royal titles
Preceded by Queen consort of Bohemia
1285–1297 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Queen consort of Poland
1296–1297 		Succeeded by

References

  1. ^ Austria, Medieval Lands
  2. ^ Women in power, scroll down to 1287-97 Politically Influential Queen Guta von Habsburg of Bohemia (Czech Republic)
  3. ^ Translation from Czech Wikipedia with further sources
  4. ^ Guta Habsburg, Index of Persons, Translation from Czech

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