Iwan: Difference between revisions
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{{Mosques}} |
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{{TOCLeft}}[[Image:Jamé Mosque Esfahan courtyard.jpg|thumb|170px|left|[[Great Mosque of Esfahan]], View of the north iwan from the courtyard]] An '''iwan''' , {{lang-ar|إيوان}} ''iwān'') ({{lang-fa|إيوان}} ''eyvān'' is defined as a vaulted hall or space, walled on three sides, with one end entirely open. The origin of this word is found in the Arabic word (مأوى Maawa) which means a place to fully rest in or a place to take shelter in and it was mentioned in the Quran (جنّهُ المأوى) and (سأوي الى جبل يعصمني من الماء ) the word also exists in other Semitic languages such as Aramaic. This word was one of the Arabic / Semitic words that were passed to Pre-Islam Persia by the Aramaic speaking people of Mesopotamia (Iraq). |
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Iwans were a trademark of the [[Parthian Empire]] and later the [[Sassanid]] architecture of [[Persia]], later finding their way into [[Islamic architecture]]. This transition reached its peak during the [[Seljuk Turks|Seljuki]] era, when iwans became established as a fundamental design unit in Islamic architecture. |
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Typically, iwans open on to a central courtyard, and have been used in both public and residential architecture. |
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==The Great Iwan of Cairo== |
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The Great Iwan (or al-Iwan al-Kabir, Dar al-'Adl, Iwan of al-Nasir) of [[Cairo]] was a public and ceremonial space located in the southern section of the [[Saladin Citadel]] where the [[Mamluk]] [[sultan]] sat enthroned to administer justice, receive ambassadors, and carry out other duties of state. The structure used to be known as Dar al-'Adl during the reign of [[Saladin]], the [[Mamluk]] ruler of the [[Bahri dynasty]] [[Al-Nasir Muhammad]] rebuilt the monumental structure twice, in 1315 and 1334. The Great Iwan was demolished by [[Muhammad Ali Pasha]] in the early 19th century. |
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The 19th century [[Description de l'Egypte]] depicted a square hypostyle structure with five parallel aisles and a dome. The building was open to the exterior on three sides through arcades, and the main façade was articulated with a large central arch flanked by two smaller arches on either side. <ref>Rabbat, Nasser O. 1989. Citadel of Cairo (Geneva: AKTC), p. 11-13. </ref><ref>Gillispie, Charles Coulston & Michel Dewachter. 1987. Monuments of Egypt : the Napoleonic edition : the complete archaeological plates from La description de l'Egypte. (Princeton, NJ : Princeton AP & Architectural League of NY, The J. Paul Getty Trust).</ref> |
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==Gallery== |
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<center> |
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<gallery> |
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Image:June21 2004-Wazir Khan Mosque Lahore (2).jpg|The entrance iwan of the [[Wazir Khan Mosque]], [[Lahore]], [[Pakistan]]. |
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Image:Iwan Muzeh melli.jpg|The iwan of the [[National Museum of Iran]] was designed with the architectural precedent of [[Ctesiphon]] in mind. |
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Image:Amerian Taq up.jpg|Iwans are also used in residential architecture. The main iwan of the [[Amerian House]], [[Kashan]], [[Iran]]. |
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Image:Badshahi Mosque July 1 2005 pic32 by Ali Imran (1).jpg|The [[Badshahi Masjid]] with an iwan in the centre, [[Lahore]], [[Pakistan]]. |
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Image:Jamamasjid.JPG|The entrance iwan of the [[Jama Masjid, Delhi|Jama Masjid]], [[Delhi]], [[India]]. |
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Image:Storks samarkand.jpg|Intricate designs on the iwan of the Ulugh Beg Madrassa, [[Samarkand]], [[Uzbekistan]]. |
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Image:TajEntryArch.jpg|The entrance iwan of the [[Taj Mahal]], [[Agra]], [[India]]. |
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Image:Model of Jame Mosque.jpg|[[Great Mosque of Esfahan]], scale model showing the court with the four iwans. |
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Image:King_Saud_Mosque2_(5).jpg|[[King Saud Mosque]], [[Jeddah]], an Iwan in the central court. |
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Image:Herat_Masjidi_Jami_iwan.jpg|Iwan of the [[Friday Mosque of Herat]] |
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File:Humayun's Tomb from the entrance, Delhi.jpg|[[Humayun's Tomb]] with its entrance iwan, [[Delhi]]. |
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File:Central iwan of Qila-i-Kuhna mosque, Purana Qila.jpg|Central iwan of [[Purana_Qila,_Delhi#Qila-i-Kuhna_Mosque|Qila-i-Kuhna Mosque]] of [[Sher Shah Suri]], 1541 CE |
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</gallery> |
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</center> |
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==References== |
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{{reflist}} |
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==See also== |
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*[[Islamic Architecture]] |
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*[[Liwan]] |
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*[[Mosque]] |
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{{Iranian Architecture}} |
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[[Category:Islamic architecture]] |
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[[Category:Mosque architecture]] |
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[[Category:Iranian architecture]] |
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[[ar:إيوان]] |
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[[ca:Iwan]] |
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[[cs:Íván]] |
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[[de:Iwan (Architektur)]] |
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[[et:Īwān]] |
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[[es:Iwan]] |
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[[eo:Ivano]] |
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[[fa:ایوان]] |
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[[fr:Iwan (architecture)]] |
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[[hi:ईवान]] |
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[[it:Iwan]] |
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[[ms:Iwan]] |
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[[nl:Iwan]] |
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[[ja:イーワーン]] |
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[[pl:Ejwan]] |
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[[ru:Айван]] |
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[[simple:Iwan]] |
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[[sv:Iwan]] |
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[[tg:Эвон]] |
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[[uk:Айван]] |
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Revision as of 17:32, 5 May 2010
dfhbvljcvn dfhbv,bjmb nb jbcvn dfcvkjnvcbndkbjb,.n,b ,bn ,mbnbjnhjklnholhdlnbv jkb ,b/bkjlnbkjbvhkj