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Haitian Canadians

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Haitian Canadians
Haïtien-Canadiens
Ayisyen Kanadyen
Total population
178,990
(by ancestry, 2021 Census)[1]
Regions with significant populations
Mostly Quebec, with smaller populations in Ontario, Alberta, British Columbia, New Brunswick
Languages
Canadian French,
Canadian English,
Haitian Creole
Religion
Predominantly: Roman Catholicism and Haitian Vodou
Minority: Protestantism
Related ethnic groups
Haitians, French Canadians, Black Canadians, Haitian Americans

Haitian Canadians (French: Haïtiano-Canadiens) are Canadians of Haitian descent or Haiti-born people who reside in Canada. As of 2016, more than 86% of Haitian Canadians reside in Quebec.[2]

Haitian migration to Canada

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Immigration

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1960–1980

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Immigration from Haiti to Quebec started in 1963.[3] Haitian settlement in the Quebec municipality Montreal increased about 40% between the late 1960s and the early 1970s. Immigration data from 1968 shows that Haiti placed fifteenth in overall origin countries outputting migrants to Quebec; in addition, Haiti had 1.6% of the total immigration percentage of Quebec in 1968. In the span of five years, Haiti became the second-largest source country for Quebec immigration, accounting for 8.4% of the total number of immigrants to Quebec in 1973.[3]

The impact of Nationalism and Political Tension in Haiti on Immigration

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The migration of Haitian immigrants between 1969 and 1974 can be understood through the political institutions in place within Haiti at the time. Haiti was governed by way of a dictatorship, led by François Duvalier.[3] Duvalier had been contested by the leftist Unified Party of Haitian Communists, who failed in resisting Duvalier's authoritarian regime.[3] Duvalier's death and the subsequent succession of his son Jean-Claude Duvalier led to the notion of “patriotic action”, a declaration of nationalism directed towards Haitian Canadian and Haitian American immigrants, as well as a call to action in assisting their Haitian brethren.[3] Haitian Canadians joined forces with their home country brethren in some cases to assist in the "“resolution of the Haitian crisis” and to attempt to establish greater leftist political power.[4] The idea of “patriotic action” finalized with the potential deportation faced by around 700 Haitian Canadians from 1972 to 1973.[3] These Haitian Québécois joined forces under a protest movement in regards to their rights as citizens; these protests were organized by the Christian community of Haitians of Montreal.[3]

Demographics

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Number of Haitian nationals granted permanent residence in Canada by year[5]
Year Number of Haitian nationals admitted Total number of permanent residents admitted Proportion of permanent residents admitted
2002 2,217 229,048 1%
2003 1,945 221,349 0.9%
2004 1,657 235,823 0.7%
2005 1,719 262,242 0.7%
2006 1,650 251,640 0.7%
2007 1,614 236,753 0.7%
2008 2,509 247,246 1%
2009 2,085 252,174 0.8%
2010 4,552 280,691 1.6%
2011 6,208 248,748 2.5%

Haitian Canadians by Canadian province or territory (2016)

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Province Population Percentage Source
 Quebec 143,165 1.8% [6]
 Ontario 17,715 0.1% [7]
 Alberta 2,235 0.1% [8]
 British Columbia 1,140 0.0% [9]
 Nova Scotia 355 0.0% [10]
 New Brunswick 305 0.0% [11]
 Manitoba 235 0.0% [12]
 Saskatchewan 185 0.0% [13]
 Prince Edward Island 35 0.0% [14]
 Newfoundland and Labrador 25 0.0% [15]
 Northwest Territories 10 0.0% [16]
 Nunavut 0 0.0% [17]
 Yukon 0 0.0% [18]
 Canada 165,095 0.5% [19]

Notable Haitian Canadians

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Further information: List of Haitian Canadians

See also

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References

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  1. ^ Statistics Canada (8 February 2023). "Census Profile, 2021 Census (Canada [Country])". Retrieved 8 February 2023.
  2. ^ Statistics Canada (29 November 2017). "Census Profile, 2016 Census (Quebec [Province])". Retrieved 22 March 2022.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g Jadotte, Herard (June 1977). "Haitian Immigration to Quebec". Journal of Black Studies. 7 (4): 485–500. doi:10.1177/002193477700700407. JSTOR 2783949. S2CID 145587518.
  4. ^ Thérien, Jean-Phillipe; Mace, Gordon (Summer 2013). "Identity and Foreign Polity: Canada as a Nation of the Americas". Latin American Politics and Society. 55 (2): 150–168. doi:10.1111/j.1548-2456.2013.00197.x. JSTOR 43286320. S2CID 153604432.
  5. ^ "Facts and figures 2011 – Immigration overview: Permanent and temporary residents". Citizenship and Immigration Canada. Archived from the original on December 30, 2012.
  6. ^ "Ethnic Origin, both sexes, age (total), Quebec, 2016 Census – 25% Sample data". Canada 2016 Census. Statistics Canada. 25 October 2017. Retrieved 30 January 2020.
  7. ^ "Ethnic Origin, both sexes, age (total), Ontario, 2016 Census – 25% Sample data". Canada 2016 Census. Statistics Canada. 25 October 2017. Retrieved 30 January 2020.
  8. ^ "Ethnic Origin, both sexes, age (total), Alberta, 2016 Census – 25% Sample data". Canada 2016 Census. Statistics Canada. 25 October 2017. Retrieved 30 January 2020.
  9. ^ "Ethnic Origin, both sexes, age (total), British Columbia, 2016 Census – 25% Sample data". Canada 2016 Census. Statistics Canada. 25 October 2017. Retrieved 30 January 2020.
  10. ^ "Ethnic Origin, both sexes, age (total), Nova Scotia, 2016 Census – 25% Sample data". Canada 2016 Census. Statistics Canada. 25 October 2017. Retrieved 30 January 2020.
  11. ^ "Ethnic Origin, both sexes, age (total), New Brunswick, 2016 Census – 25% Sample data". Canada 2016 Census. Statistics Canada. 25 October 2017. Retrieved 30 January 2020.
  12. ^ "Ethnic Origin, both sexes, age (total), Manitoba, 2016 Census – 25% Sample data". Canada 2016 Census. Statistics Canada. 25 October 2017. Retrieved 30 January 2020.
  13. ^ "Ethnic Origin, both sexes, age (total), Saskatchewan, 2016 Census – 25% Sample data". Canada 2016 Census. Statistics Canada. 25 October 2017. Retrieved 30 January 2020.
  14. ^ "Ethnic Origin, both sexes, age (total), Prince Edward Island, 2016 Census – 25% Sample data". Canada 2016 Census. Statistics Canada. 25 October 2017. Retrieved 30 January 2020.
  15. ^ "Ethnic Origin, both sexes, age (total), Newfoundland and Labrador, 2016 Census – 25% Sample data". Canada 2016 Census. Statistics Canada. 25 October 2017. Retrieved 30 January 2020.
  16. ^ "Ethnic Origin, both sexes, age (total), Northwest Territories, 2016 Census – 25% Sample data". Canada 2016 Census. Statistics Canada. 25 October 2017. Retrieved 30 January 2020.
  17. ^ "Ethnic Origin, both sexes, age (total), Nunavut, 2016 Census – 25% Sample data". Canada 2016 Census. Statistics Canada. 25 October 2017. Retrieved 30 January 2020.
  18. ^ "Ethnic Origin, both sexes, age (total), Yukon, 2016 Census – 25% Sample data". Canada 2016 Census. Statistics Canada. 25 October 2017. Retrieved 30 January 2020.
  19. ^ "Immigration and Ethnocultural Diversity Highlight Tables". statcan.gc.ca. 25 October 2017.
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