English: On the wall around the circuit there is a fresco cycle of 34 large panels dating from 1572-1585, commissioned by Pope Gregory XIII and depicting The Sufferings of the Martyrs. They contain terrifying and realistic depictions of torture and suffering, and each panel has an explanatory epigraph in Latin and Italian. These both name the emperors who ordered the executions, and give appropriate quotations from the Bible.
The cycle begins to the left of the entrance with the Crucifixion, and follows with the Massacre of the Innocents, then the martyrdom of the apostles before continuing in chronological order.
Most of the fresco work is by Niccolò Pomarancio, but Antonio Tempesta painted the Massacre of the Innocents. It has been thought that Matteo da Siena and Matthijs Bril helped out with the landscape backgrounds, and that the panels featuring St Polycarp and St Margaret of Antioch were repainted by Marcello Leopardi in the 18th century.
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