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• (in English) (2015) "The Great Seljuk Empire"., Edinburgh University Press ISBN: 978-0-7486-9807-3. "Malikshah reign was peak of Seljuk empire's territorial expansion with the sultan acknowledged in the khutba from borders of China to extremities of Syria and from northernmost lands of Islam to Yemen. Malikshah sent an expedition to assert Seljuk authority in Mecca in the Hijaz and Yemen, capturing Aden by Indian ocean. The byzantine empire was reduced to paying tribute to the Seljuks. Campaigns in Central Asia allowed Seljuks to seized karakhanid bases of Samarkand, Bukhara and Kashgar."

"The Great Seljuk Empire" by A. C. S. Peacock also shows two raids by Jubuq in 1092 to Mecca and Yemen in its map p.62, and writes: "Malikshah sent an expedition to assert Seljuk authority in Mecca in the Hijaz (which under Alp Arslan had briefly recognised Seljuk suzerainty) and Yemen, capturing Aden by the Indian Ocean." (p.59) Central and Eastern Georgia and Shirvan are shown as part of the Seljuk Empire.(p.62)

• (1989) The Times atlas of world history, Maplewood, N.J.: Hammond Incorporated, p. 135 ISBN: 0-7230-0304-1. shows the vastest area under Seljuk and nominal Abbassid suzerainty, including the eastern Red Sea Coast.
• (in English) (1998) "History of civilizations of Central Asia Volume IV The age of achievement: A.D. 750 to the end of the fifteenth century Part One The historical, social and economic setting"., UNESCO Publishing, p. 138 "For half a century the Karakhanids became vassals of the Seljuqs."
• (in English) "The Alexiad: Book I". "the fortunes of the Roman Empire had sunk to their lowest ebb. For the armies of the East were dispersed in all directions, because the Turks had over-spread, and gained command of, countries between the Euxine Sea [Black Sea] and the Hellespont, and the Aegean Sea and Syrian Seas [Mediterranean Sea], and the various bays, especially those which wash Pamphylia, Cilicia, and empty themselves into the Egyptian Sea [Mediterranean Sea]."
• (in English) (1984) "The Byzantine Empire, 1025-1204: A Political History.", Longman, 1997, the University of Virginia, p. 150 "It wasn't until 1097 that Byzantine re-established firm control over the Aegean coastline and many inland districts of western Anatolia, taking the cities of Smyrna, Ephesus, Sardis, Philadelphia, Laodicea and Choma from the Turks."
• (in English) (1991) "The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium.", Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press., p. 1,904 ISBN: 978-0-19-504652-6. "Sinop was captured by the Seljuk Turks In 1081 , who found there a sizeable treasury."

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