Unknown. The traditional label attributes Ma Hezhi (fl. 1131-1189) as the painter and Emperor Gaozong (1107-1187) as the calligrapher, but the National Palace Museum notes that the style of the work does not seem to correspond to the style of the two artists and suggests that this may be a late Song court production.
Occupations of Skill and Tradition. Blossoming Through the Ages: Women in Chinese Art and Culture from the Museum Collection (exhibit). Taipei: National Palace Museum.
Descriptions of the Works. The Making of a National Treasure: Select Masterpieces of Painting and Calligraphy in the Museum Collection (exhibit). Taipei: National Palace Museum.
Occupations of Skill and Tradition. Blossoming Through the Ages: Women in Chinese Art and Culture from the Museum Collection (exhibit). Taipei: National Palace Museum. (direct link)
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