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Republic of Fiji Military Forces

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Republic of Fiji Military Forces
Cap Badge of the Republic of Fiji Military Forces
Founded1940
Current form2013
Service branches
HeadquartersSuva
Websiterfmf.mil.fj
Leadership
Commander-in-chiefWiliame Katonivere
Prime MinisterSitiveni Rabuka
Minister for Home Affairs and ImmigrationPio Tikoduadua
Commander RFMFMajor General Jone Kalouniwai
Personnel
ConscriptionNo
Available for
military service		215,104 males, age 18–49 (2021 est.),
212,739 females, age 18–49 (2021 est.)
Fit for
military service		163,960 males, age 18–49 (2021 est.),
178,714 females, age 18–49 (2021 est.)
Reaching military
age annually		9,266 males (2021 est.),
8,916 females (2021 est.)
Active personnel6,500[1]
Reserve personnelApprox 6,200
Deployed personnel541[1]
Expenditure
BudgetUS $50.1 million (2022)[1]
Percent of GDP1.23%
Related articles
RanksMilitary ranks of Fiji
Structure of the military of Fiji

The Republic of Fiji Military Forces (RFMF, formerly the Royal Fiji Military Forces[2]) is the military force of the Pacific island nation of Fiji. With a total manpower of about 6,500 active soldiers and approximately 6,200 reservists, it is one of the smallest militaries in the world and the third largest in the South Pacific region. The Ground Force is organised into six infantry and one engineer battalions.

The first two regular battalions of the Fiji Infantry Regiment are traditionally stationed overseas on peacekeeping duties; the 1st Battalion has been posted to Lebanon, Iraq, Syria, and East Timor under the command of the UN, while the 2nd Battalion is stationed in Sinai with the MFO. Peacekeepers income represents an important source of income for Fiji. The 3rd Battalion is stationed in the capital, Suva, and the remaining three are spread throughout the islands.

Organisation

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  • Commander-in-Chief – The President of the Republic is ex officio Commander-in-Chief of the Military Forces.
  • Commander RFMF – The Commander RFMF is of two-star rank. He is assisted by the Deputy Commander and the Chief of Staff, who are responsible for Strategic Command and Land Force Command. The current Commander is Major General Jone Kalouniwai who was preceded by Rear Admiral Viliame Naupoto who was appointed following the resignation of Brigadier Mosese Tikoitoga on 2 August 2015.[3][4] Tikoitoga succeeded the previous Commander and former Head of Government Commodore Voreqe (Frank) Bainimarama after fifteen years of service as Commander and a total of thirty-nine years of active military service.[5]
    • Strategic Command – Strategic Command is responsible for all of the long term and strategic concerns of the RFMF, including welfare, legal issues, sustainability issues etc.
    • Land Force Command – Land Force Command is the operational organisation of the RFMF, and is responsible for all of the main units:

Equipment

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Fiji Infantry Regiment

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The Fiji Infantry Regiment is the main combat element of the Republic of Fiji Military Forces. The regiment was formed with the foundation of the Fijian armed forces in 1920. The regiment, as it is today, goes back to 1978 following Fiji's independence.

Fijian Navy

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Fijian naval ensign

The Republic of Fiji Navy was formed in 1975, following the government's ratification of the United Nations Law of the Sea convention. The Navy is responsible for maritime needs in border control, such as watching over Fiji's exclusive economic zone and organising task and rescue missions. It currently operates 9 patrol boats. Military aid is received from Australia, the People's Republic of China, and the United Kingdom (although the latter has suspended aid as a result of the 2006 military coup against the civilian government).

Speaking at 30th anniversary celebrations on 26 July 2006, Commander Bradley Bower said that the greatest challenge facing the navy of a maritime country like Fiji was to maintain sovereignty and the maritime environment, to acquire, restore, and replace equipment, and to train officers to keep pace with changing situations.

In January 2019 five of Fiji's naval vessels were operational.[18] In 2020 Australia will provide two new Guardian-class patrol vessels to replace the three vessels it provided over thirty years ago In December 2019 Fiji took delivery of RFNS Volasiga, boosting the number of operational vessels to six.[19] The Guardian-class patrol boat RFNS Savenaca was officially handed over to Fijian officials, in Henderson, Australia, on 6 March 2020.[20][21][22]

Northern Air operates search and rescue flights for the Navy. [23]

Equipment

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Dabur-class patrol boat (Israeli boat No. 881)
Pacific-class patrol boat (Solomon Island police boat RSIPV Lata)

3 x Pacific-class patrol boat (Australia, displacement 162 t, length 31.5 metres (103 ft 4 in), width 8.1 metres (26 ft 7 in) draught 1.8 metres (5 ft 11 in), power 2 x 1,050 kilowatts (1,410 shp), maximal speed 20 knots (37 km/h), crew 17-man, armament machine guns 1 x 12.7 mm). These boats replaced discharged Redwing-class minesweepers FNS Kula, Kikau and Kiro, gained 1975 – 1976 from the United States Navy.

2 patrol boat (US, displacement 97 t, crew 11-man, armament machine guns 1 x 12.7 mm)

4 Dabur-class patrol boat (Israel, displacement 39 t, crew 9-man, armament 2 x cannon 20 mm, 2 x machine guns 7.62 mm)

2 Oceanic survey vessels

Rank insignia

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Rank designation based on the British tradition.[24][25]

Commissioned officers

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The rank insignia for commissioned officers for the army and navy respectively. They are based on the rank structure of Royal Navy and British Army.

Rank group General / flag officers Senior officers Junior officers
Fiji Infantry Regiment
Major general Brigadier Colonel Lieutenant colonel Major Captain Lieutenant Second lieutenant
Jenerali meja Brigadi Kanala Leteni kanala Meja Kavetani Leteni Ikarua ni leteni
 Republic of Fiji Navy
Rear admiral Commodore Captain Commander Lieutenant commander Lieutenant Sub-Lieutenant Ensign
Rank group General / flag officers Senior officers Junior officers

Enlisted

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The rank insignia for enlisted personnel for the army and navy respectively. They are based on the ranks of the Royal Navy and British Army.

Rank group Senior NCOs Junior NCOs Enlisted
Fiji Infantry Regiment
 Regimental Sergeant Major of the Army Warrant Officer Class 2 Staff Sergeant Sergeant
 Corporal Lance Corporal No insignia
Warrant officer class 1 Warrant officer class 2 Staff sergeant Sergeant Corporal Lance corporal Private
(or equivalent)
 Republic of Fiji Navy
 No insignia
Warrant officer class 1 Warrant officer class 2 Chief petty officer Petty officer Leading seaman Ordinary seaman
Rank group Senior NCOs Junior NCOs Enlisted

History

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Political intervention

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Fiji's military has a history of political intervention.[26] In 1987, soldiers were responsible for two military coups, and in 2000, the military organised a countercoup to quash George Speight's civilian coup. Since 2000, the military has had a sometimes tense relationship with the Qarase government, and has strongly opposed its plans to establish a Commission with the power to compensate victims and pardon perpetrators of the coup. Among other objections, the military claims that its integrity and discipline would be undermined if soldiers who mutinied in the 2000 upheaval were to be pardoned.

On 4 August 2005, Opposition Leader Mahendra Chaudhry called for more Indo-Fijians, who presently comprise less than one percent of the military personnel, to be recruited. (Specifically, as of October 2007, Fiji's military had 3527 full-time members, of whom only 15 were Indo-Fijians.[27]) This would help guarantee political stability, he considered. He also spoke against government plans to downsize the military. Military spokesman Lieutenant Colonel Orisi Rabukawaqa responded the next day by saying that the military was not an ethnic Fijian body, that it stood to serve the entire nation, and that there was no colour bar in its recruitment or promotion. He said that many Indo-Fijians had been reluctant to commit themselves to a military career because of the slow progress of promotion, often preferring to be discharged and to use their record as a stepping stone to a successful career in some other field. Nevertheless, he appreciated the Indo-Fijian contribution to the military, and noted the success of Lieutenant Colonel Mohammed Aziz, the head of the military's legal unit who was a pivotal figure in the court martial of soldiers who mutinied in 2000. Ironically the rate of promotion of indigenous Fijian officers had been very rapid after the 1987 coup, and subsequent expansion of the Republic of Fiji Military Forces.

On 26 August 2005, the government announced plans to study ways to reduce the size of the military. Military engineers would be transferred to the Regional Development Ministry, said Home Affair Minister Josefa Vosanibola, and the reduction of the military forces would coincide with an increase in the numbers of the police force.

On 26 September 2005, Rabukawaqa revealed that the military had decided to curtail certain operations to stay within its budget. The cuts would affect maritime patrols, search and rescue operations, training and exercises, School Cadet training, and the deployment of military engineers to rural areas. These cuts would be made to ensure that activities accorded a higher priority, such as peacekeeping operations in the Sinai Peninsula and Iraq, officer cadet training with the New Zealand Defence Forces, and the prosecution of soldiers charged with mutiny, would not be affected, Rabukawaqa said.

The next day, Lesi Korovavala, chief executive officer of the Ministry of Home Affairs, told the Fiji Village news service that the military had undertaken the reductions on its own initiative, in consultation with the department, an explanation corroborated by Lieutenant Colonel Rabukawaqa.

On 5 December 2006, the Fijian army staged a third coup d'état. On 7 February 2008, the head of the RFMF and post-coup interim Prime Minister Voreqe Bainimarama stated: "Qarase [...] does not understand the role of the Military and as such is misinforming the nation. [...] [I]f there are practices and policies which have potential to undermine the national security and territorial integrity of Fiji, the RFMF has every right under the Constitution to intervene."[28] In August 2009, with Bainimarama still controlling the government as prime minister and the constitution abrogated, Epeli Nailatikau, a former military commander, was appointed acting president on the retirement of Iloilo.

Operations

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Fiji committed troops to the United Nations Assistance Mission for Iraq.[29] Australia agreed to transport those troops.[30]

Fiji sent 54 individuals to Australia, to help fight wildfires there.[30]

Fiji Air Wing

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The Air Wing of the Republic of Fiji Military Forces, founded in 1987, had a base at the airport in Nausori, but was abolished in 1997. Yehonatan Shimʻon Frenḳel writes that the "Air Wing was formed after the 1987 coup, when the French provided two helicopters as part of its military aid package."[31] Frenkel goes on to say that the air wing was disbanded after both helicopters crashed and after subsequent revelations of huge debts incurred as a result of the aircraft.

Aircraft

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The two helicopters were:

Aircraft type Variants Origin Role Service period Notes
Eurocopter AS 365N2 Dauphin 2 AS 365N2 Dauphin  France Transport and liaison helicopter 1989–1994 One helicopter. Matriculation marker DQ-FGD.
Aerospatiale AS 355F-2 Twin Squirrel AS 355F-2 Twin Squirrel  France Transport and liaison helicopter 1991–1997 One helicopter. Matriculation marker DQ-FGH.

Helicopter AS-365 N2 Dauphin crashed off the coast of the main island in July 1994; a smaller AS-355F-2 continued in service until mid-1997 and in 1999 was sold to France.

The Air Wing did not have its own roundel or ensign and its only marking was the national flag used as a fin flash.[32]

Facilities

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See also

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Notes

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References

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  1. ^ a b c IISS: The Military Balance 2022
  2. ^ Fiji: Report, Ministry of Information, 1971, page 93
  3. ^ "Commander resigns – Fiji Times Online". fijitimes.com. Archived from the original on 1 August 2017. Retrieved 28 October 2017.
  4. ^ Vuibau, Tevita (6 March 2014). "By the book". Fiji Times Online. Archived from the original on 7 March 2014. Retrieved 8 March 2014.
  5. ^ Vuibau, Tevita (6 March 2014). "Military pays tribute to 'David'". Fiji Times Online. Archived from the original on 7 March 2014. Retrieved 8 March 2014.
  6. ^ "Kalouniwai is Fiji's Military Land Force Commander". Islands Business. 6 March 2014. Archived from the original on 7 March 2014. Retrieved 8 March 2014.
  7. ^ a b c d e ":: Rosyjska broń dla Fidżi" (in Polish). altair.pl. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 21 February 2016.
  8. ^ "Republic of Fiji Military Forces". www.facebook.com. Retrieved 26 April 2023.
  9. ^ William Hester (14 July 2016). "TASK FORCE KOA MOANA: LIV..." USMC. Ovalau, Fiji. Retrieved 16 March 2020. A Fijian Soldier fires a Daewoo K2 rifle during live fire training, July 12, 2016, at Ovalau, Fiji, as part of a multi-national, bilateral exercise between Fiji and the U.S.
  10. ^ "Orang AS dan Australia Tak Percaya RI Bisa Buat Senjata Canggih Ini". detikfinance (in Indonesian). Retrieved 26 March 2023.
  11. ^ "Guns For Fiji – Fiji Sun". fijisun.com.fj. Archived from the original on 13 March 2018. Retrieved 12 March 2018.
  12. ^ Asia Pacific Defence Reporter 2006 Source Book
  13. ^ Ingram-Seal, Leigh. "Republic of Fiji Military Forces" (PDF). Orbat.com. Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 March 2014. Retrieved 8 March 2014.
  14. ^ "Next up…Arms Training – Fiji Sun". fijisun.com.fj. Archived from the original on 18 October 2016. Retrieved 12 October 2016.
  15. ^ Minister for Defence Marise Payne (9 February 2017). "Bushmaster sale another boost to Fiji-Australia defence partnership" (Press release). Department of Defence. Archived from the original on 28 July 2018. Retrieved 27 July 2018.
  16. ^ Vakasukawaqa, Arieta (10 February 2017). "Bushmasters For Our Troops". Fiji Sun. Archived from the original on 28 July 2018. Retrieved 27 July 2018.
  17. ^ Manager, Ritika Pratap Deputy News. "Fiji receives 14 Bushmasters from Australia". Fiji Broadcasting Corporation. Retrieved 22 October 2023.
  18. ^ Maggie Boyle (28 January 2019). "Australian assistance to boost Navy fleet: Captain Tawake". Fiji Broadcasting Corporation. Archived from the original on 30 January 2019. Retrieved 30 January 2019. Meanwhile, there are currently five vessels that oversee the monitoring and surveillance of Fiji's Exclusive Economic Zone which the Navy is responsible for.
  19. ^ Maggie Boyle (7 December 2019). "EEZ surveillance capabilities boosted: Commander Natuva". Fiji Broadcasting Corporation. Archived from the original on 7 December 2019. Retrieved 6 December 2019. Only two years ago, the Fiji Navy had to rely on other foreign vessels to assist them with border surveillance with only one ship in operation. Fast forward two years and there are six vessels in operation.
  20. ^ Lisa Simcock (6 March 2020). "Austal (ASX:ASB) delivers 6th guardian-class patrol boat to Fiji Navy". The Market Herald. Retrieved 7 March 2020. Chief Executive David Singleton said the first Guardian-class Patrol Boat delivery for 2020 showed it is keeping with its goal of delivering a new naval vessel every 3 months.
  21. ^ Rosi Doviverata (7 March 2020). "PM, Delegation Receive Our New Navy Vessel". Fiji Sun. Retrieved 7 March 2020. Mr Bainimarama said the new vessel could not enter the ranks of Fiji's Navy at a more pressing time. "International criminal networks are hitting the Pacific hard – particularly with the drug trade."
  22. ^ "Australia gifts Guardian-class patrol vessel to Fiji". Shephard Media. 6 March 2020. Retrieved 7 March 2020. Austal CEO David Singleton said: 'the Pacific Boat Replacement Project [PPB-R] has really hit its stride, with this sixth Guardian-class Patrol Boat benefiting from a number of innovative production processes that have reduced production time, while maintaining quality.'
  23. ^ "Rescue Coordination Center Fiji". www.facebook.com. Retrieved 30 September 2022.
  24. ^ "Fiji Rank Insignia – Army Land Forces". The International Encyclopedia of Uniform Insignia. Archived from the original on 29 July 2013. Retrieved 8 March 2014.
  25. ^ "Fiji Rank Insignia – Navy and Coast Guard". The International Encyclopedia of Uniform Insignia. Archived from the original on 13 March 2016. Retrieved 8 March 2014.
  26. ^ Appelbaum, Diana Muir (27 August 2012). "How the Sinai Peacekeeping Force Staged a Military Coup in Fiji". Jewish Ideas Daily. Archived from the original on 10 January 2016. Retrieved 8 March 2014.
  27. ^ McDonald, Hamish (27 October 2007). "Rumblings of a revolution". The Sydney Morning Herald. Archived from the original on 9 June 2009. Retrieved 8 March 2014.
  28. ^ "Qarase wrong about military: Bainimarama". Fiji Times. 7 February 2008. Archived from the original on 7 March 2014. Retrieved 8 March 2014.
  29. ^ "Australian Defence Force supports Fijian missions in Middle East". FBC News. 17 March 2020. Retrieved 16 March 2020. A RAAF KC-30 carrying 170 soldiers from the Republic of Fiji Military Forces (RFMF) has departed for Sinai to support their ongoing peacekeeping mission with the Multinational Force and Observers.
  30. ^ a b "Australian Defence Force supports Fijian missions in Middle East". Mirage News. 17 March 2020. Retrieved 16 March 2020. 'Fiji's recent contribution of 54 personnel to Australia's response to the bushfire emergency was a welcome and powerful example of the importance of maintaining close ties between our nations.'
  31. ^ Frenḳel, Yehonatan Shimʻon (2007). From Election to Coup in Fiji: The 2006 Campaign and Its Aftermath. ANU E Press. p. 29. ISBN 978-0731538126.
  32. ^ "Military Flags (Fiji)". crwflags.com. Archived from the original on 26 March 2016. Retrieved 28 October 2017.
  33. ^ "New Navy Base 'Outside Suva' – Fiji Sun". fijisun.com.fj. Archived from the original on 18 October 2016. Retrieved 12 October 2016.
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