Draft:Siege of Viborg (1495)
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| Siege of Viborg | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Part of the Russo-Swedish War (1495–1497) | |||||||||
 Depiction of the Viborg Bang by Olaus Magnus on the Carta marina | |||||||||
| |||||||||
| Belligerents | |||||||||
 Sweden |
.svg){kind=small} Principality of Moscow | ||||||||
| Commanders and leaders | |||||||||
|
Knut Posse Svante Nilsson Hartwig Winholt |
Danilo Vasiljevitj Sjtjena Jakob Saharjevitj Vasilij Feodoro Sjujskij | ||||||||
| Units involved | |||||||||
|
Viborg garrison | Placeholder | ||||||||
| Strength | |||||||||
|
Total 1,800 men 800 Nyland peasants 500 German mercenaries 40 "svenner" | 60,000 men | ||||||||
| Casualties and losses | |||||||||
| Placeholder | Very heavy | ||||||||
The Siege of Viborg was a failed Russian attempt to besiege and capture Viborg from Swedish control during the Russo-Swedish War (1495–1497). The Swedish defenders were saved by the infamous Viborg Bang, which would force the Russian attackers to retreat.
Background
[edit]After the expiration of the Russo–Swedish truce in 1492, precautions had been taken by the Swedes to guard their border with Russia to defend against possible attacks, and such precautions were most likely present during the winter of 1494–1495.[1]
Russian advance
[edit]In the late summer of 1495, news came to Viborg alerting the Swedes of a large Russian army on the march into Finland. These reports were revealed to not be exaggerated, and this army was the largest Russian army ever sent into Finland at that point. It consisted of troops from Moscow, Novgorod, and Pskov, under the command of Danilo Vasiljevitj Sjtjena, Jakob Saharjevitj, and Vasilij Feodoro Sjujskij respectively.[2][3]
Viborg's defences
[edit]The Swedish defence was unusually well prepared, with the Russian mobilization not being able to be kept a secret, Sten Sture had already sent 500 German mercenaries led by Hartwig Winholt to Viborg, which was considered a respectable force for the time. At the same time, the common people were asked to stand up with a soldier of a total of five domestics. The only mobilization that is known about without doubt is that Nyland sent 800 armed peasants to Viborg.[4][3][5]
The Bishop of Åbo also sent 40 "svenner" under the command of Magnus Frille. All of this gave the commander of Viborg, Knut Posse, a combined gorce of around 1,800 men. Viborg was also in good condition, as the fortress was strong and during the 1470's, a ring wall had been constructed as a defence for the city.[6][3]
Start of the Russian campaign
[edit]The Russian campaign began with violent raids into the nearby land on the border, the parishes of Åryräppa, Kivinebb, Nykyrka, Mohla, and Jääskis were completely destroyed. The terrified villagers in the surrounding areas quickly took refuge in Viborg. Bishop Magnus in Åbo swiftly began sending several distress messages to Sten Sture in Stockholm. He would exaggerate the danger, writing that the Russian would soon set sail towards Stockholm with 2,000 ships.[7][6][3]
Siege
[edit]On 21 September, the first Russian troops arrived outside of Viborg, and the city was quickly completely surrounded. The Russian force was very large, consisting of around 60,000 men.[8]
Assault on Vatikivi
[edit]Aftermath
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Styffe 1875, p. CLXXXV.
- ^ Sundberg 2010, p. 121.
- ^ a b c d Sundberg 1998, p. 361.
- ^ Sundberg 2010, p. 121–122.
- ^ Sommerschield, Finn Edvard (1940). Den svenska folkstammen i Finland (in Swedish). Nordiska Förlagsaktiebolaget. p. 481.
- ^ a b Sundberg 2010, p. 122.
- ^ Chrispinsson 2011, p. 92.
- ^ Topelius, Zacharias (1845). "180 (Finland framstäldt i teckningar)". runeberg.org (in Swedish). Retrieved 2024-07-11.
Works cited
[edit]- Styffe, Carl Gustaf (1875). Bidrag till Skandinaviens historia ur utländska arkiver: Sverige i Sten Sture den äldres tid, 1470-1503 [Contribution to the history of Scandinavia from foreign archives: Sweden in the age of Sten Sture the Elder, 1470-1503] (in Swedish). Norstedts förlag. pp. CLXXXV–CXCIII.
- Sundberg, Ulf (2010). Sveriges krig 1448-1630 [Sweden's wars 1448–1630] (in Swedish). Svenskt Militärhistoriskt Bibliotek. pp. 121–127. ISBN 9789185789627.
- Sundberg, Ulf (1998). Medeltidens svenska krig [Swedish wars in the Middle Ages] (in Swedish). Hjalmarson & Högberg. pp. 361–366. ISBN 9789189080263.
- Chrispinsson, Johan (2011). Den glömda historien : om svenska öden och äventyr i öster under tusen år [The forgotten story: about Swedish destinies and adventures in the east for a thousand years] (in Swedish). Norstedts förlag. pp. 92–93. ISBN 9789113025247.