7-Dehydrocholesterol reductase

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7-dehydrocholesterol reductase
7-dehydrocholesterol reductase
Identifiers
EC no.	1.3.1.21
CAS no.	9080-21-1
Databases
IntEnz	IntEnz view
BRENDA	BRENDA entry
ExPASy	NiceZyme view
KEGG	KEGG entry
MetaCyc	metabolic pathway
PRIAM	profile
PDB structures	RCSB PDB PDBe PDBsum
Gene Ontology	AmiGO / QuickGO
PMC
Search
PMC	articles
PubMed	articles
NCBI	proteins

DHCR7
Identifiers
Aliases	DHCR7, SLOS, 7-dehydrocholesterol reductase
External IDs	OMIM: 602858; MGI: 1298378; HomoloGene: 1042; GeneCards: DHCR7; OMA:DHCR7 - orthologs
EC number	1.3.1.21
Gene location (Human)
Chr.	Chromosome 11 (human)
End	71,452,868 bp
Gene location (Mouse)
Chr.	Chromosome 7 (mouse)
End	143,402,147 bp
RNA expression pattern
	Top expressed in
	right lobe of liver; ; right adrenal cortex; ; oocyte; ; islet of Langerhans; ; left adrenal cortex; ; secondary oocyte; ; skin of leg; ; C1 segment; ; skin of abdomen; ; corpus epididymis;
	Top expressed in
	adrenal gland; ; lip; ; cumulus cell; ; motor neuron; ; left lobe of liver; ; skin of external ear; ; Gonadal ridge; ; left colon; ; condyle; ; ectoderm;
	More reference expression data
	; ;
	More reference expression data
Gene ontology
Molecular function	oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-CH group of donors, NAD or NADP as acceptor; oxidoreductase activity; NADP binding; 7-dehydrocholesterol reductase activity; sterol delta7 reductase activity;
Cellular component	integral component of membrane; endoplasmic reticulum membrane; membrane; intracellular membrane-bounded organelle; integral component of endoplasmic reticulum membrane; endoplasmic reticulum; nuclear outer membrane; cytosol;
Biological process	cell differentiation; steroid metabolic process; sterol biosynthetic process; multicellular organism growth; lung development; lipid metabolism; cholesterol metabolic process; post-embryonic development; blood vessel development; regulation of cell population proliferation; cholesterol biosynthetic process via lathosterol; cholesterol biosynthetic process via desmosterol; steroid biosynthetic process; cholesterol biosynthetic process; brassinosteroid biosynthetic process; regulation of cholesterol biosynthetic process;
	Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
	1717
	13360
	ENSG00000172893
	ENSMUSG00000058454
	Q9UBM7
	O88455
	NM_001163817; NM_001360
NM_007856; NM_001382498; NM_001382499; NM_001382500; NM_001382501;
	NM_001382502; NM_001382503
	NP_001157289; NP_001351
NP_031882; NP_001369427; NP_001369428; NP_001369429; NP_001369430;
	NP_001369431; NP_001369432
	Wikidata
View/Edit Human	View/Edit Mouse

7-Dehydrocholesterol reductase, also known as DHCR7, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the DHCR7 gene.^[5]^[6]^[7]

Function

The protein encoded by this gene is an enzyme catalyzing the production of cholesterol from 7-dehydrocholesterol using NADPH.

The DHCR7 gene encodes delta-7-sterol reductase (EC 1.3.1.21), the ultimate enzyme of mammalian sterol biosynthesis that converts 7-dehydrocholesterol (7-DHC) to cholesterol. This enzyme removes the C(7-8) double bond introduced by the sterol delta8-delta7 isomerases. In addition, its role in drug-induced malformations is known: inhibitors of the last step of cholesterol biosynthesis such as AY9944 and BM15766 severely impair brain development.^[5]

Pathology

A deficiency is associated with Smith–Lemli–Opitz syndrome.^[8]

All house cats and dogs have higher-than-usual activity of this enzyme, causing an inability to synthesize vitamin D due to the lack of 7-dehydrocholesterol.^[9]

Interactive pathway map

Click on genes, proteins and metabolites below to link to respective articles. ^{[§ 1]}

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|alt=Vitamin D Synthesis Pathway (view / edit)]]

Vitamin D Synthesis Pathway (view / edit)

^ The interactive pathway map can be edited at WikiPathways: "VitaminDSynthesis_WP1531".

References

^ ^a ^b ^c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000172893 – Ensembl, May 2017
^ ^a ^b ^c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000058454 – Ensembl, May 2017
^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ ^a ^b "Entrez Gene: DHCR7 7-dehydrocholesterol reductase".
^ Moebius FF, Fitzky BU, Lee JN, Paik YK, Glossmann H (Feb 1998). "Molecular cloning and expression of the human delta7-sterol reductase". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 95 (4): 1899–902. Bibcode:1998PNAS...95.1899M. doi:10.1073/pnas.95.4.1899. PMC 19210. PMID 9465114.
^ Wassif CA, Maslen C, Kachilele-Linjewile S, Lin D, Linck LM, Connor WE, Steiner RD, Porter FD (Jul 1998). "Mutations in the human sterol delta7-reductase gene at 11q12-13 cause Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome". American Journal of Human Genetics. 63 (1): 55–62. doi:10.1086/301936. PMC 1377256. PMID 9634533.
^ Yu H, Patel SB (Nov 2005). "Recent insights into the Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome". Clinical Genetics. 68 (5): 383–91. doi:10.1111/j.1399-0004.2005.00515.x. PMC 1350989. PMID 16207203.
^ Zafalon, Rafael V. A.; Risolia, Larissa W.; Pedrinelli, Vivian; Vendramini, Thiago H. A.; Rodrigues, Roberta B. A.; Amaral, Andressa R.; Kogika, Marcia M.; Brunetto, Marcio A. (January 2020). "Vitamin D metabolism in dogs and cats and its relation to diseases not associated with bone metabolism". Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition. 104 (1): 322–342. doi:10.1111/jpn.13259. PMID 31803981.

Waterham HR, Wanders RJ (Dec 2000). "Biochemical and genetic aspects of 7-dehydrocholesterol reductase and Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome". Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids. 1529 (1–3): 340–56. doi:10.1016/s1388-1981(00)00159-1. PMID 11111101.
Nowaczyk MJ, Nakamura LM, Waye JS (Dec 2001). "DHCR7 and Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome". Clinical and Investigative Medicine. 24 (6): 311–7. PMID 11767235.
Shefer S, Salen G, Batta AK, Honda A, Tint GS, Irons M, Elias ER, Chen TC, Holick MF (Oct 1995). "Markedly inhibited 7-dehydrocholesterol-delta 7-reductase activity in liver microsomes from Smith-Lemli-Opitz homozygotes". The Journal of Clinical Investigation. 96 (4): 1779–85. doi:10.1172/JCI118223. PMC 185814. PMID 7560069.
Moebius FF, Fitzky BU, Lee JN, Paik YK, Glossmann H (Feb 1998). "Molecular cloning and expression of the human delta7-sterol reductase". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 95 (4): 1899–902. Bibcode:1998PNAS...95.1899M. doi:10.1073/pnas.95.4.1899. PMC 19210. PMID 9465114.
Wassif CA, Maslen C, Kachilele-Linjewile S, Lin D, Linck LM, Connor WE, Steiner RD, Porter FD (Jul 1998). "Mutations in the human sterol delta7-reductase gene at 11q12-13 cause Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome". American Journal of Human Genetics. 63 (1): 55–62. doi:10.1086/301936. PMC 1377256. PMID 9634533.
Fitzky BU, Witsch-Baumgartner M, Erdel M, Lee JN, Paik YK, Glossmann H, Utermann G, Moebius FF (Jul 1998). "Mutations in the Delta7-sterol reductase gene in patients with the Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 95 (14): 8181–6. Bibcode:1998PNAS...95.8181F. doi:10.1073/pnas.95.14.8181. PMC 20950. PMID 9653161.
Waterham HR, Wijburg FA, Hennekam RC, Vreken P, Poll-The BT, Dorland L, Duran M, Jira PE, Smeitink JA, Wevers RA, Wanders RJ (Aug 1998). "Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome is caused by mutations in the 7-dehydrocholesterol reductase gene". American Journal of Human Genetics. 63 (2): 329–38. doi:10.1086/301982. PMC 1377322. PMID 9683613.
Holmer L, Pezhman A, Worman HJ (Dec 1998). "The human lamin B receptor/sterol reductase multigene family". Genomics. 54 (3): 469–76. doi:10.1006/geno.1998.5615. PMID 9878250.
De Brasi D, Esposito T, Rossi M, Parenti G, Sperandeo MP, Zuppaldi A, Bardaro T, Ambruzzi MA, Zelante L, Ciccodicola A, Sebastio G, D'Urso M, Andria G (Dec 1999). "Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome: evidence of T93M as a common mutation of delta7-sterol reductase in Italy and report of three novel mutations". European Journal of Human Genetics. 7 (8): 937–40. doi:10.1038/sj.ejhg.5200390. PMID 10602371. S2CID 20399957.
Witsch-Baumgartner M, Fitzky BU, Ogorelkova M, Kraft HG, Moebius FF, Glossmann H, Seedorf U, Gillessen-Kaesbach G, Hoffmann GF, Clayton P, Kelley RI, Utermann G (Feb 2000). "Mutational spectrum in the Delta7-sterol reductase gene and genotype-phenotype correlation in 84 patients with Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome". American Journal of Human Genetics. 66 (2): 402–12. doi:10.1086/302760. PMC 1288092. PMID 10677299.
Linck LM, Hayflick SJ, Lin DS, Battaile KP, Ginat S, Burlingame T, Gibson KM, Honda M, Honda A, Salen G, Tint GS, Connor WE, Steiner RD (Mar 2000). "Fetal demise with Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome confirmed by tissue sterol analysis and the absence of measurable 7-dehydrocholesterol Delta(7)-reductase activity in chorionic villi". Prenatal Diagnosis. 20 (3): 238–40. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1097-0223(200003)20:3<238::AID-PD792>3.0.CO;2-W. PMID 10719329. S2CID 25094766.
Yu H, Lee MH, Starck L, Elias ER, Irons M, Salen G, Patel SB, Tint GS (May 2000). "Spectrum of Delta(7)-dehydrocholesterol reductase mutations in patients with the Smith-Lemli-Opitz (RSH) syndrome". Human Molecular Genetics. 9 (9): 1385–91. doi:10.1093/hmg/9.9.1385. PMID 10814720.
Krakowiak PA, Nwokoro NA, Wassif CA, Battaile KP, Nowaczyk MJ, Connor WE, Maslen C, Steiner RD, Porter FD (Sep 2000). "Mutation analysis and description of sixteen RSH/Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome patients: polymerase chain reaction-based assays to simplify genotyping". American Journal of Medical Genetics. 94 (3): 214–27. doi:10.1002/1096-8628(20000918)94:3<214::AID-AJMG7>3.0.CO;2-R. PMID 10995508.
Löffler J, Trojovsky A, Casati B, Kroisel PM, Utermann G (Nov 2000). "Homozygosity for the W151X stop mutation in the delta7-sterol reductase gene (DHCR7) causing a lethal form of Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome: retrospective molecular diagnosis". American Journal of Medical Genetics. 95 (2): 174–7. doi:10.1002/1096-8628(20001113)95:2<174::AID-AJMG16>3.0.CO;2-9. PMID 11078571.
Witsch-Baumgartner M, Ciara E, Löffler J, Menzel HJ, Seedorf U, Burn J, Gillessen-Kaesbach G, Hoffmann GF, Fitzky BU, Mundy H, Clayton P, Kelley RI, Krajewska-Walasek M, Utermann G (Jan 2001). "Frequency gradients of DHCR7 mutations in patients with Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome in Europe: evidence for different origins of common mutations". European Journal of Human Genetics. 9 (1): 45–50. doi:10.1038/sj.ejhg.5200579. PMID 11175299. S2CID 6469533.
Nowaczyk MJ, Heshka T, Eng B, Feigenbaum AJ, Waye JS (Apr 2001). "DHCR7 genotypes of cousins with Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome". American Journal of Medical Genetics. 100 (2): 162–3. doi:10.1002/ajmg.1227. PMID 11298379.
Jira PE, Wanders RJ, Smeitink JA, De Jong J, Wevers RA, Oostheim W, Tuerlings JH, Hennekam RC, Sengers RC, Waterham HR (May 2001). "Novel mutations in the 7-dehydrocholesterol reductase gene of 13 patients with Smith--Lemli--Opitz syndrome". Annals of Human Genetics. 65 (Pt 3): 229–36. doi:10.1017/S0003480001008600. PMID 11427181.
Nowaczyk MJ, Farrell SA, Sirkin WL, Velsher L, Krakowiak PA, Waye JS, Porter FD (Sep 2001). "Smith-Lemli-Opitz (RHS) syndrome: holoprosencephaly and homozygous IVS8-1G→C genotype". American Journal of Medical Genetics. 103 (1): 75–80. doi:10.1002/1096-8628(20010915)103:1<75::AID-AJMG1502>3.0.CO;2-R. PMID 11562938.

External links

GeneReviews/NIH/NCBI/UW entry on Smith-Lemli-Opitz Syndrome
7-dehydrocholesterol+reductase at the U.S. National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
Human DHCR7 genome location and DHCR7 gene details page in the UCSC Genome Browser.

This article incorporates text from the United States National Library of Medicine, which is in the public domain.

[WikiPathways-10] The interactive pathway map can be edited at WikiPathways: "VitaminDSynthesis_WP1531".

[refGRCh38Ensembl-1] GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000172893 – Ensembl, May 2017

[refGRCm38Ensembl-2] GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000058454 – Ensembl, May 2017

[3] "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[4] "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[entrez-5] "Entrez Gene: DHCR7 7-dehydrocholesterol reductase".

[pmid9465114-6] Moebius FF, Fitzky BU, Lee JN, Paik YK, Glossmann H (Feb 1998). "Molecular cloning and expression of the human delta7-sterol reductase". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 95 (4): 1899–902. Bibcode:1998PNAS...95.1899M. doi:10.1073/pnas.95.4.1899. PMC 19210. PMID 9465114.

[pmid9634533-7] Wassif CA, Maslen C, Kachilele-Linjewile S, Lin D, Linck LM, Connor WE, Steiner RD, Porter FD (Jul 1998). "Mutations in the human sterol delta7-reductase gene at 11q12-13 cause Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome". American Journal of Human Genetics. 63 (1): 55–62. doi:10.1086/301936. PMC 1377256. PMID 9634533.

[pmid16207203-8] Yu H, Patel SB (Nov 2005). "Recent insights into the Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome". Clinical Genetics. 68 (5): 383–91. doi:10.1111/j.1399-0004.2005.00515.x. PMC 1350989. PMID 16207203.

[9] Zafalon, Rafael V. A.; Risolia, Larissa W.; Pedrinelli, Vivian; Vendramini, Thiago H. A.; Rodrigues, Roberta B. A.; Amaral, Andressa R.; Kogika, Marcia M.; Brunetto, Marcio A. (January 2020). "Vitamin D metabolism in dogs and cats and its relation to diseases not associated with bone metabolism". Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition. 104 (1): 322–342. doi:10.1111/jpn.13259. PMID 31803981.

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[§ 1]

v t e Oxidoreductases: CH–CH oxidoreductases (EC 1.3)
1.3.1: NAD/NADP acceptor	Enoyl-acyl carrier protein reductase/Enoyl ACP reductase 7-Dehydrocholesterol reductase Biliverdin reductase 2,4 Dienoyl-CoA reductase Dihydroxymethyloxo-tetrahydroquinoline dehydrogenase
1.3.3: Oxygen acceptor	Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase Coproporphyrinogen III oxidase Protoporphyrinogen oxidase Bilirubin oxidase Acyl-CoA oxidase Dihydrouracil oxidase Tetrahydroberberine oxidase Secologanin synthase Tryptophan alpha,beta-oxidase Pyrroloquinoline-quinone synthase L-galactonolactone oxidase
1.3.5: Quinone	Succinate dehydrogenase SDHA SDHB SDHC SDHD
1.3.99: Other acceptors	Fumarate reductase Butyryl-CoA dehydrogenase Acyl CoA dehydrogenase ACADSB ACADS 5α-reductase SRD5A1 SRD5A2 SRD5A3 Glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase Isovaleryl coenzyme A dehydrogenase 3-oxo-5beta-steroid 4-dehydrogenase

v t e Enzymes
Activity	Active site Binding site Catalytic triad Oxyanion hole Enzyme promiscuity Diffusion-limited enzyme Cofactor Enzyme catalysis
Regulation	Allosteric regulation Cooperativity Enzyme inhibitor Enzyme activator
Classification	EC number Enzyme superfamily Enzyme family List of enzymes
Kinetics	Enzyme kinetics Eadie–Hofstee diagram Hanes–Woolf plot Lineweaver–Burk plot Michaelis–Menten kinetics
Types	EC1 Oxidoreductases (list) EC2 Transferases (list) EC3 Hydrolases (list) EC4 Lyases (list) EC5 Isomerases (list) EC6 Ligases (list) EC7 Translocases (list)