Centre-left coalition (Italy)
Centre-left coalition Coalizione di centro-sinistra | |
---|---|
Leader | Matteo Renzi |
Founder | Romano Prodi |
Founded | 6 March 1995 |
Preceded by | Alliance of Progressives Pact for Italy |
Political position | Centre-left |
Colours | Red (customary) |
Chamber of Deputies | 118 / 630 |
Senate | 57 / 315 |
European Parliament | 28 / 73 |
Regional Government | 16 / 20 |
The centre-left coalition (Italian: coalizione di centro-sinistra) is a political alliance of political parties in Italy active, under several forms and names, since 1995 when The Olive Tree was formed under the leadership of Romano Prodi.
In the 1996 general election The Olive Tree consisted of the bulk of the left-wing Alliance of Progressives and the bulk of the centrist Pact for Italy, the two losing coalitions in the 1994 general election, the first under a system based primarily on first-past-the-post voting. In 2005 The Union was founded as a wider coalition to contest the 2006 general election, which later collapsed during the 2008 political crisis, with the fall of the Prodi II Cabinet.
In recent history, the centre-left coalition has been built around the Democratic Party, which was established in 2007 from a merger of the bulk of the parties affiliated to both The Olive Tree and The Union.
The Olive Tree (1995–2005)
1996–1998
In the 1996 general election and during the Prodi I Cabinet the coalition was composed of eight parties:
Party | Ideology | Leader | |
---|---|---|---|
bgcolor="Template:Democratic Party of the Left/meta/color" | | Democratic Party of the Left[a] (PDS) | Democratic socialism | Massimo D'Alema |
bgcolor="Template:Italian People's Party (1994)/meta/color" | | Italian People's Party[b] (PPI) | Christian democracy | Franco Marini |
Italian Renewal[c] (RI) | Liberalism | Lamberto Dini | |
bgcolor="Template:Federation of the Greens/meta/color" | | Federation of the Greens (FdV) | Green politics | Carlo Ripa di Meana |
bgcolor="Template:Italian Socialist Party/meta/color" | | Italian Socialists[c] (SI) | Social democracy | Enrico Boselli |
bgcolor="Template:Democratic Union (Italy)/meta/color" | | Democratic Union[b] (UD) | Social liberalism | Antonio Maccanico |
bgcolor="Template:Italian Republican Party/meta/color" | | Italian Republican Party[b] (PRI) | Liberalism | Giorgio La Malfa |
bgcolor="Template:Segni Pact/meta/color" | | Segni Pact[c] (PS) | Centrism | Mario Segni |
- ^ Six minor associate parties of the PDS would merge with the that party in 1998: the Labour Federation, the Social Christians, the Republican Left, the Movement of Unitarian Communists, the Reformists for Europe and the Democratic Federation, the latter a regional party in Sardinia.
- ^ a b c The three parties contested the election in the Populars for Prodi joint list, along with the South Tyrolean People's Party (see below).
- ^ a b c The three parties contested the election in a joint list named after Italian Renewal and Lamberto Dini.
The coalition was externally supported by:
Party | Ideology | Leader | |
---|---|---|---|
bgcolor="Template:Communist Refoundation Party/meta/color" | | Communist Refoundation Party (PRC) | Communism | Fausto Bertinotti |
The coalition had four regional partners:
Region | Party | Ideology | Leader | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Aosta Valley | bgcolor="Template:Valdostan Union/meta/color" | | Valdostan Union (UV) | Regionalism | Luciano Caveri |
South Tyrol | bgcolor="Template:South Tyrolean People's Party/meta/color" | | South Tyrolean People's Party (SVP) | Regionalism | Siegfried Brugger |
Veneto | Lega Autonomia Veneta (LAV) | Regionalism | Mario Rigo | |
Sardinia | Sardinian Action Party (PSd'Az) | Sardinian nationalism | Franco Meloni |
1998–2001
In 1998 the Communist Refoundation Party brought down the Prodi II Cabinet. In 1998-2001, during the two governments led by Massimo D'Alema (I Cabinet and II Cabinet, 1998–2000) and the one led by Giuliano Amato (Amato II Cabinet, 2000–2001), the coalition was composed of eight parties:
Party | Ideology | Leader | |
---|---|---|---|
bgcolor="Template:Democrats of the Left/meta/color" | | Democrats of the Left (DS) | Social democracy | Walter Veltroni |
bgcolor="Template:Italian People's Party (1994)/meta/color" | | Italian People's Party (PPI) | Christian democracy | Franco Marini / Pierluigi Castagnetti |
bgcolor="Template:The Democrats (Italy)/meta/color" | | The Democrats (Dem) | Centrism | Romano Prodi / Arturo Parisi |
bgcolor="Template:Italian Renewal/meta/color" | | Italian Renewal (RI) | Liberalism | Lamberto Dini |
Party of Italian Communists (PdCI) | Communism | Armando Cossutta / Oliviero Diliberto | |
bgcolor="Template:Italian Socialist Party/meta/color" | | Italian Democratic Socialists[a] (SDI) | Social democracy | Enrico Boselli |
bgcolor="Template:Federation of the Greens/meta/color" | | Federation of the Greens (FdV) | Green politics | Luigi Manconi / Grazia Francescato |
Democratic Union for the Republic (UDR) Union of Democrats for Europe (UDEUR) |
Christian democracy | Clemente Mastella |
- ^ The party did not participate in D'Alema II Cabinet and briefly formed The Clover coalition, along with the Italian Republican Party and the Union for the Republic.
2001 general election
In the 2001 general election the coalition, led by Francesco Rutelli, was composed of six parties:
Party | Ideology | Leader | |
---|---|---|---|
bgcolor="Template:Democrats of the Left/meta/color" | | Democrats of the Left (DS) | Social democracy | Walter Veltroni |
bgcolor="Template:Italian People's Party (1994)/meta/color" | | Italian People's Party[a] (PPI) | Christian democracy | Pierluigi Castagnetti |
bgcolor="Template:The Democrats (Italy)/meta/color" | | The Democrats[a] (Dem) | Centrism | Arturo Parisi |
bgcolor="Template:Italian Renewal/meta/color" | | Italian Renewal[a] (RI) | Liberalism | Lamberto Dini |
bgcolor="Template:Union of Democrats for Europe/meta/color" | | Union of Democrats for Europe[a] (UDEUR) | Christian democracy | Clemente Mastella |
Party of Italian Communists (PdCI) | Communism | Oliviero Diliberto | |
bgcolor="Template:Italian Socialist Party/meta/color" | | Italian Democratic Socialists[b] (SDI) | Social democracy | Enrico Boselli |
bgcolor="Template:Federation of the Greens/meta/color" | | Federation of the Greens[b] (FdV) | Green politics | Grazia Francescato |
- ^ a b c d The four parties contested the election within the Democracy is Freedom – The Daisy (DL) joint list.
- ^ a b The two parties contested the election in The Sunflower joint list.
The coalition had four regional partners:
Region | Party | Ideology | Leader | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Aosta Valley | bgcolor="Template:Valdostan Union/meta/color" | | Valdostan Union (UV) | Regionalism | Luciano Caveri |
bgcolor="Template:Edelweiss (Aosta Valley)/meta/color" | | Edelweiss (SA) | Regionalism | Maurizio Martin | |
South Tyrol | bgcolor="Template:South Tyrolean People's Party/meta/color" | | South Tyrolean People's Party (SVP) | Regionalism | Siegfried Brugger |
Trentino | Daisy Civic List (CM) | Regionalism | Lorenzo Dellai |
2004 EP election
In the 2004 European Parliament election, the United in the Olive Tree joint list, was composed of four parties:
Party | Ideology | Leader | |
---|---|---|---|
bgcolor="Template:Democrats of the Left/meta/color" | | Democrats of the Left (DS) | Social democracy | Piero Fassino |
bgcolor="Template:The Daisy/meta/color" | | Democracy is Freedom – The Daisy (DL) | Centrism | Francesco Rutelli |
bgcolor="Template:Italian Socialist Party/meta/color" | | Italian Democratic Socialists (SDI) | Social democracy | Enrico Boselli |
bgcolor="Template:European Republicans Movement/meta/color" | | European Republicans Movement (MRE) | Social liberalism | Luciana Sbarbati |
The Union (2005–2008)
2006 general election
In the 2006 general election the coalition was composed of twelve parties:
- ^ a b c The three parties contested the election within The Olive Tree joint list. In 2007 they would form the Democratic Party.
- ^ a b The two parties contested elections within the Rose in the Fist joint list.
The coalition had six regional partners:
Region | Party | Ideology | Leader | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Aosta Valley | Valdostan Renewal (UV) | Regionalism | Carlo Perrin | |
South Tyrol | bgcolor="Template:South Tyrolean People's Party/meta/color" | | South Tyrolean People's Party (SVP) | Regionalism | Elmar Pichler Rolle |
Lombardy | Lega Autonomia Lombarda (LAL) | Regionalism | Matteo Brivio | |
Veneto | Liga Fronte Veneto (LFV) | Venetian nationalism | Fabrizio Comencini | |
Calabria | Southern Democratic Party[a] (PDM) | Centrism | Agazio Loiero | |
Sardinia | Sardinia Project[a] (PS) | Social democracy | Renato Soru |
PD-led coalitions (2008–present)
2008 general election
In the 2008 general election the coalition, led by Walter Veltroni,[1] was composed of two parties:
Party | Ideology | Leader | |
---|---|---|---|
bgcolor="Template:Democratic Party (Italy)/meta/color" | | Democratic Party[a] (PD) | Social democracy | Walter Veltroni |
bgcolor="Template:Italy of Values/meta/color" | | Italy of Values (IdV) | Populism | Antonio Di Pietro |
- ^ Including also the Italian Radicals.
2013 general election
In the 2013 general election, the coalition ran as Italy. Common Good under the leadership of Pier Luigi Bersani,[2] and was composed of four parties:
Party | Ideology | Leader | |
---|---|---|---|
bgcolor="Template:Democratic Party (Italy)/meta/color" | | Democratic Party (PD) | Social democracy | Pier Luigi Bersani |
bgcolor="Template:Left Ecology Freedom/meta/color" | | Left Ecology Freedom (SEL) | Democratic socialism | Nichi Vendola |
bgcolor="Template:Democratic Centre (Italy)/meta/color" | | Democratic Centre (CD) | Centrism | Bruno Tabacci |
bgcolor="Template:Italian Socialist Party (2007)/meta/color" | | Italian Socialist Party (PSI) | Social democracy | Riccardo Nencini |
The coalition had four regional partners:
Region | Party | Ideology | Leader | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Aosta Valley | Progressive Valdostan Union (UVP) | Regionalism | Laurent Viérin | |
Autonomy Liberty Participation Ecology | Regionalism | Carlo Perrin | ||
Piedmont | Moderates (M) | Centrism | Giacomo Portas | |
South Tyrol | bgcolor="Template:South Tyrolean People's Party/meta/color" | | South Tyrolean People's Party (SVP) | Regionalism | Richard Theiner |
bgcolor="Template:Greens (South Tyrol)/meta/color" | | Greens of South Tyrol[a] (Grüne) | Green politics | Sepp Kusstatscher, Brigitte Foppa | |
Trentino | bgcolor="Template:Trentino Tyrolean Autonomist Party/meta/color" | | Trentino Tyrolean Autonomist Party (PATT) | Regionalism | Franco Panizza |
bgcolor="Template:Union for Trentino/meta/color" | | Union for Trentino (UpT) | Regionalism | Lorenzo Dellai | |
Sicily | The Megaphone – Crocetta List | Regionalism | Rosario Crocetta |
- ^ Associate party of Left Ecology Freedom.
2018 general election
In the 2018 general election the coalition is composed of four electoral lists:
Party | Ideology | Leader | |
---|---|---|---|
bgcolor="Template:Democratic Party (Italy)/meta/color" | | Democratic Party[a] (PD) | Social democracy | Matteo Renzi |
bgcolor="Template:More Europe/meta/color" | | More Europe[b] (+E) | Liberalism | Emma Bonino |
bgcolor="Template:Together (Italy)/meta/color" | | Together[c] (I) | Progressivism | Giulio Santagata |
bgcolor="Template:Popular Civic/meta/color" | | Popular Civic List[d] (CP) | Centrism | Beatrice Lorenzin |
- ^ Including the Moderates (see below).
- ^ Including the Italian Radicals, Forza Europa, the Democratic Centre and Progressive Area.
- ^ Including the Italian Socialist Party, the Federation of the Greens and Civic Area.
- ^ Includes Popular Alternative, Italy of Values, the Centrists for Europe, Solidary Democracy, the Union for Trentino (see below) – loosely affiliated to Solidary Democracy at the national level –, Italy is Popular, the Christian Popular Union and Popular Italy.
The coalition has seven regional partners:
Region | Party | Ideology | Leader | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Aosta Valley | bgcolor="Template:Valdostan Union/meta/color" | | Valdostan Union (UV) | Regionalism | Ennio Pastoret |
Progressive Valdostan Union (UVP) | Regionalism | Laurent Viérin | ||
Valdostan Autonomist Popular Edelweiss (EPAV) | Regionalism | Mauro Baccega | ||
Piedmont | Moderates (M) | Centrism | Giacomo Portas | |
South Tyrol | bgcolor="Template:South Tyrolean People's Party/meta/color" | | South Tyrolean People's Party (SVP) | Regionalism | Philipp Achammer |
Trentino | bgcolor="Template:Trentino Tyrolean Autonomist Party/meta/color" | | Trentino Tyrolean Autonomist Party (PATT) | Regionalism | Franco Panizza |
bgcolor="Template:Union for Trentino/meta/color" | | Union for Trentino (UpT) | Regionalism | Tiziano Mellarini |
Electoral results
Italian Parliament
Chamber of Deputies | ||||||
Election year | # of overall votes |
% of overall vote |
# of overall seats won |
+/– | Leader | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1996 | 15,758,981 (#1) | 42.2 | 322 / 630
|
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2001 | 16,209,944 (#2) | 43.5 | 247 / 630
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2006 | 19,036,986 (#1) | 49.8 | 348 / 630
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2008 | 13,689,303 (#2) | 37.5 | 239 / 630
|
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2013 | 10,047,603 (#1) | 29.5 | 345 / 630
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2018 | TBD (#3) | 22.8 | 122 / 630
|
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Senate of the Republic | |||||
Election year | # of overall votes |
% of overall vote |
# of overall seats won |
+/– | Leader |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1996 | 13,444,977 (#1) | 41.2 | 169 / 315
|
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2001 | 13,282,495 (#2) | 39.2 | 128 / 315
|
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2006 | 17,118,364 (#2) | 49.2 | 158 / 315
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2008 | 12,457,182 (#2) | 38.7 | 130 / 315
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2013 | 9,686,683 (#1) | 31.6 | 127 / 315
|
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2018 | TBD (#3) | 23.0 | 58 / 315
|
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See also
- Centre-right coalition
- Centre-left in Italy
- Alliance of Progressives
- Pact for Italy
- The Olive Tree
- The Union
- Italy. Common Good
References
- ^ "Berlusconi declares election win". BBC News. 14 April 2008.
- ^ "Italian election results: gridlock likely – as it happened". Guardian. 26 February 2013. Retrieved 27 February 2013.