Jump to content

Boeing P-8 Poseidon

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Redirected from Boeing P-8A Poseidon)

P-8 Poseidon
A United States Navy P-8 Poseidon
General information
TypeMaritime patrol aircraft
National originUnited States
ManufacturerBoeing
StatusIn service
Primary usersUnited States Navy
Number built181 as of October 2024[1]
History
Manufactured2009–present
Introduction dateNovember 2013[2]
First flight25 April 2009[3]
Developed fromBoeing 737 Next Generation

The Boeing P-8 Poseidon is an American maritime patrol and reconnaissance aircraft developed and produced by Boeing Defense, Space & Security. It was developed for the United States Navy (USN) as a derivative of the civilian Boeing 737-800 airliner.

The P-8 operates in anti-submarine warfare (ASW), anti-surface warfare (ASUW), and intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance (ISR) roles. It is armed with torpedoes, Harpoon anti-ship missiles, and other weapons, can drop and monitor sonobuoys, and can operate in conjunction with other assets, including the Northrop Grumman MQ-4C Triton maritime surveillance unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV).

The P-8 is operated by the United States Navy, the Indian Navy, the Royal Australian Air Force, the United Kingdom's Royal Air Force, the Royal Norwegian Air Force and the Royal New Zealand Air Force. It has also been ordered by the Republic of Korea Navy, the German Navy and the Royal Canadian Air Force.

Development

[edit]

Origins

[edit]

The Lockheed P-3 Orion, a turboprop ASW aircraft, has been in service with the United States Navy (USN) since 1962.[4] In the 1980s, the USN began studies for a P-3 replacement, the range and endurance of which were reduced due to increasing weight and airframe fatigue life limitations. The specification required a new aircraft to have reduced operating and support costs. In 1989, Lockheed was awarded a fixed-price contract to develop the P-7, but this was canceled the following year.[5]

In 2000, a second competition for a replacement began. Lockheed Martin submitted the Orion 21, an updated new-build version of the P-3.[6] Boeing's proposal was based on its 737-800 airliner.[7] BAE Systems offered a new-build version of the Nimrod MRA4, a British jet-powered maritime patrol aircraft. BAE withdrew from the competition in October 2002, recognizing that without a production partner based in the United States, the bid was politically unrealistic.[8] On 14 May 2004, Boeing was selected as the winner of the Multimission Maritime Aircraft program.[9]

In June 2004, the USN awarded a development contract to Boeing.[10] The project was planned to be for at least 108 airframes for the USN.[11] Project value is expected to be worth at least $15 billion. Raytheon, Northrop Grumman, Spirit AeroSystems, GE Aviation Systems, Marshall Aerospace and Defence Group, CFM International, BAE Systems, and Marotta are major subcontractors.[12] In July 2004, the USN placed an order for five aircraft, and the first flight-test aircraft was to be completed in 2009.[11] On 30 March 2005, it was assigned the P-8A designation.[13]

Design phase and testing

[edit]
The rollout of the P-8 on 30 July 2009

The P-8 is to replace the P-3.[14] Initially, it was equipped with legacy systems with later upgrades to incorporate newer technology. The Government Accountability Office credited the incremental approach with keeping the project on schedule and on budget. The Naval Air Systems Command (NAVAIR) deleted the requirement for the P-8A to be equipped with magnetic anomaly detection (MAD) equipment as a weight reduction measure, improving endurance. A hydrocarbon sensor detects fuel vapors from diesel-powered submarines and ships.[15]

The P-8's first flight was on 25 April 2009.[3] The second and third P-8s had flown and were in flight testing in early August 2010.[16] On 11 August 2010, low-rate production of the P-8 was approved.[17][18] A P-8 released sonobuoys for the first time on 15 October 2010, dropping six in three separate low-altitude passes.[19] In 2011, the ice detection system was found to be defective due to the use of counterfeit components; allegedly these parts were poorly refurbished and sold to subcontractor BAE Systems as new by a Chinese supplier.[20]

A P-8A flying alongside a Lockheed P-3C Orion, close to Naval Air Station Patuxent River, Maryland, 2010

On 4 March 2012, the first production P-8A was delivered to the USN, flying to Naval Air Station Jacksonville, Florida, for training with the Fleet Replacement Squadron (FRS), Patrol Squadron 30 (VP-30).[2] On 24 September 2012, Boeing announced a $1.9 billion (~$2.49 billion in 2023) order for 11 aircraft.[21] On 10 June 2013, a U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) Inspector General (IG) report recommended delaying full-rate production over a lack of key data to assess if the P-8 met operational requirements; additional tests were also needed to guarantee a 25-year lifespan.[22] Boeing executives dismissed the report, saying that the test program was on track.[23] In 2013, full-rate production was delayed until the P-8 could demonstrate it can survive its 25-year lifespan without structural fatigue, overcome deficiencies, track surface ships, and perform primary missions.[24]

On 24 June 2013, during weapons integration testing, the P-8 achieved a milestone by firing a live AGM-84 Harpoon anti-ship missile and scored a direct hit on a low-cost modular target.[25] On 1 July 2013, an initial operational test and evaluation (IOT&E) report found that the P-8A was "operationally effective, operationally suitable, and ready for fleet introduction." Six test and nine low-rate initial production aircraft had been delivered at that point.[26] On 31 July 2013, Boeing received a $2.04 billion contract to build 13 P-8As in the fourth low-rate initial production lot, for a fleet of 37 aircraft by the end of 2016, and long-lead parts for 16 P-8As of the first full-rate production lot.[27]

In January 2014, Naval Air Systems Command proceeded with full-rate production of the P-8A. Increment 1 systems include persistent anti-submarine warfare (ASW) capabilities and an integrated sensor suite; in 2016, Increment 2 upgrades will add multi-static active coherent acoustics, an automated identification system, and high-altitude anti-submarine weapons.[28] Increment 3 in 2020 shall enable "net-enabled anti-surface warfare".[29]

In July 2014, Fred Smith, business development director for the P-8, noted that the program had: "saved $2.1 billion on 2004 estimates of the cost of production... the aircraft is now selling for $150 million, down from the forecasted $216 million".[30] The halving of USN orders from 16 aircraft per year down to eight in 2015 due to the expiration of the Bipartisan Budget Act of 2013 was expected to be partially offset by commercial 737 sales and P-8 export sales.[31] The DoD wanted to follow a program template for the P-8 similar to the Joint Strike Fighter (JSF) program, with international cooperation from prospective users.[32]

Derivatives

[edit]

In 2010, Boeing proposed to replace the United States Air Force's (USAF) E-8 Joint STARS fleet with a modified P-8 at the same cost Northrop Grumman proposed for re-engining and upgrading the E-8s.[33] The proposed P-8 Airborne Ground Surveillance (AGS) would integrate an active electronically scanned array (AESA) radar, and have ground moving target indicator (GMTI) and synthetic aperture radar (SAR) capabilities. A key feature was a pod-mounted radar on the fuselage's lower centerline, positioned so the engine nacelles do not obstruct its line of sight. It reuses the P-8A's Raytheon AN/APY-10 multi-mission surface search radar. Two aft ventral fins increase stability.[33][34]

In 2013, Boeing proposed repackaging some of the P-8's systems in the smaller and less expensive Bombardier Challenger 600 series business jet, as the Boeing Maritime Surveillance Aircraft (MSA).[35] In 2014, Boeing also offered a JSTARS replacement based on the 737-700, rather than the P-8's 737-800.[36]

Design

[edit]
US Navy pilots in the cockpit of a P-8 in 2019

The P-8 is a 737-800ERX, roughly similar to the 737-800 commercial passenger aircraft and the USN's 737-700-based C-40 Clipper transport aircraft, but with several modifications to make it suitable for its military service role. Many of the changes reflect the need for the aircraft to operate at lower altitudes and be capable of more aggressive maneuvering than a commercial aircraft. However, the changes were kept in line with the existing assembly process. Boeing 737 fuselage builder Spirit AeroSystems added structural strength to the airframe, while adding a short bomb bay for torpedoes and other stores behind the wing.[37]

The aircraft is assembled at the Boeing Renton Factory with the stronger wings from the 737-900.[38] The aircraft uses raked wingtips similar to those fitted to the Boeing 767-400ER, instead of the blended winglets available on 737NG variants.[39] To combat icing on the raked wingtips, horizontal stabilizers and vertical stabilizers, the aircraft is outfitted with electro-mechanical expulsion deicing systems.[37] In the cockpit, changes were made to the flight control and alerting systems, allowing for an increased bank angle, a more responsive autothrottle, and the elimination of audible warnings during low-altitude operations.[37] In order to power additional onboard electronics, the P-8 has a 180 kVA electric generator on each CFM International CFM56 engine, replacing the 90 kVA generator of civilian 737s; this required the redesigning of the nacelles and their wing mountings.[37] The Navy says that compared to the P-3, the P-8 has a smoother flight experience, subjecting crews to less turbulence and fumes, allowing them to concentrate better on missions.[40]

Crew at work stations inside a P-8

After the aircraft roll off the assembly line, five operator stations (two naval flight officers plus three enlisted Aviation Warfare Operators/naval aircrewman) are mounted in a sideways row, along the port side of the cabin. Other than one large window on each side of the forward cabin for two observers, none of the other crew stations have windows.[37] A short bomb bay for torpedoes and other stores opens behind the wing. The P-8 is to be equipped with the High-Altitude Anti-Submarine Warfare Weapon Capability (HAAWC) Air Launch Accessory (ALA), turning a Mark 54 torpedo into a glide bomb for deploying from up to 30,000 ft (9,100 m).[41]

The P-8 features the Raytheon APY-10 multi-mission surface search radar.[42] Unlike the preceding P-3, most versions of the P-8 lack a magnetic anomaly detector (MAD), but the P-8I is equipped with a MAD at India's request.[43] Various sensor data are combined via data fusion software to track targets.[44] Following the cancellation of Lockheed Martin's Aerial Common Sensor project, Boeing proposed a signals intelligence variant of the P-8 for the USN's requirement.[45] During the P-8A Increment 2 upgrade in 2016, the Littoral Surveillance Radar System (LSRS) will be replaced by the Advanced Airborne Sensor radar.[46]

In U.S. service, the P-8A is complemented by the MQ-4C Triton unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) which provides continuous surveillance. In January 2015, BAE Systems was awarded a contract for the USN's High Altitude ASW (HAASW) Unmanned Targeting Air System (UTAS) program to develop a sub-hunting UAV equipped with a MAD for launching from the P-8.[41]

Naval aircrewman at one of the two large observer's windows, the only crew stations with windows.

The P-8 cannot use the Navy's typical probe and drogue in-flight refueling method, instead using a flying boom receptacle on the upper-forward fuselage, making it, like the USN's E-6 Mercury aircraft, reliant on US Air Force (USAF) KC-135 Stratotanker, KC-10 Extender and KC-46 Pegasus aircraft for in-flight refueling. In April 2017, the USAF 459th Air Refueling Wing worked with the Naval Air Systems Command to certify operationally the P-8 for in-flight refueling.[47] For extended endurance, the P-8 is equipped with six auxiliary fuel tanks.[48]

Operational history

[edit]

United States

[edit]

In February 2012, the P-8 made its mission debut during "Bold Alligator" 2012, an annual littoral warfare exercise.[49] In April 2012, it took part in Exercise Joint Warrior, flying out of RAF Lossiemouth.[50] During RIMPAC 2012 in the Hawaiian area, two P-8As participated in 24 scenarios as part of Air Test and Evaluation Squadron One (VX-1) while forward deployed to Marine Corps Base Hawaii.[51] On 29 November 2013, its inaugural deployment began when six aircraft and 12 air crews of squadron VP-16 departed its home station of NAS Jacksonville, Florida, for Kadena Air Base in Okinawa, Japan.[52] This deployment was a pre-planned regional re-balancing action, but occurred shortly after China's establishment of the East China Sea Air Defense Identification Zone, heightening tensions.[53]

During early exercises and the Japanese deployment, the P-8 reportedly suffered radar, sensor integration, and data transfer problems, leading to more testing. In 2012–3, the US government's Director, Operational Test and Evaluation (DOTE) evaluated the P-8A Increment 1, and reported that it was effective for small-area and cued ASW search, localization and attack missions, but lacked the P-3C's broad-area ASW acoustic search capability; the Mk 54 torpedoes were of limited use against evasive targets. The P-8A was also effective at ASuW search, detection and classification in all-weather at short to medium ranges for all surface vessels and at longer ranges for larger vessels, yet was not effective for Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance mission due to various issues including no high-resolution SAR capability. It did have better range, speed, and reliability than older aircraft.[54][55] DOTE concluded that it was not deployment ready.[56] Pentagon acquisition undersecretary Frank Kendall said of the report that, although its findings are factual, it ignored future capability upgrades for ASW and surveillance.[57]

A second squadron, VP-5, completed its transition to the P-8 in August 2013.[52] During mid-2014, a pair of P-8s were dispatched to Perth, Australia for two months for an international search for the missing Malaysia Airlines Flight 370.[58] On 2 October 2015, USN P-8s stationed at Naval Air Station Jacksonville, Florida, alongside U.S. Coast Guard HC-144A Ocean Sentry, HC-130H and USAF Reserve HC-130P Combat Shadow aircraft, searched the Eastern Caribbean Sea for the missing SS El Faro cargo ship that sank on 1 October in the Category 3 Hurricane Joaquin near Crooked Island in the Bahamas.[59] On 20 February 2018, a P-8 of Patrol Squadron Eight (VP-8) rescued three fishermen whose vessel had been adrift in the South Pacific Ocean for eight days, deploying a search and rescue (SAR) kit containing supplies and communications equipment, the first time that a P-8 deployed a SAR kit in a real operation.[60]

On 19 August 2014, a Chinese Shenyang J-11 fighter came within 30 feet (9.1 m) of a USN P-8A of VP-5 about 135 miles (217 km) east of Hainan Island while patrolling the South China Sea. The J-11 flew past the P-8's nose and performed a barrel roll at close proximity.[61] A Pentagon spokesperson said the J-11's unit had made close intercepts earlier that year.[62] The U.S. sent a diplomatic note to China about the behavior of the Chinese fighter group's commander.[63] China stated that the claims were "totally groundless", and that the root cause was U.S. surveillance of China.[64] In November 2016, a Russian Su-30 fighter intercepted a P-8 over the Black Sea, coming within 5 feet (1.5 m) of it, forcing the P-8 through its jet wash, causing "a 15-degree roll and violent turbulence".[65]

A US Navy P-8 landing at Kadena AB

USN P-8s routinely rotate through bases of allies.[66] In September 2014, the Malaysian government offered the use of bases in East Malaysia for P-8s, but no flights have yet been approved.[67] On 7 December 2015, P-8s were deployed to Singapore as part of a Defense Cooperation Agreement between the US and Singapore for "fighting terrorism and piracy."[68] China criticized the Singapore deployment as "regional militarization by the U.S."[69] The third detachment of two P-8s based in Paya Lebar Air Base, Singapore, participated in naval military drills with the Singapore Armed Forces (SAF) in mid 2016.[70]

On 20 November 2023, a USN P-8A assigned to VP-4[71] overshot the runway while landing in the rain at MCAS Kaneohe Bay and ended up in the water. None of the nine crew on board were injured.[72][73] The USN hopes to repair the aircraft and return it to operational status.[74] The aircraft was floated and pulled from the sea on 2 December 2023.[75]

A USN P-8A flew through the Taiwan Strait on 17 April 2024, asserting navigational rights amid tensions with China over Taiwan's sovereignty. This followed the first talks between US and Chinese defense chiefs since 2022, aimed at easing regional tensions.[76]

India

[edit]
An Indian Navy P-8I in flight

In January 2008, Boeing proposed the P-8I, a customized export variant of the P-8A, for the Indian Navy.[77] The P-8I has a version of the Raytheon APY-10 multi-mission surface search radar that meets export requirements.[78] It also features two components not fitted on the P-8A, a Telephonics APS-143 OceanEye aft radar and a magnetic anomaly detector (MAD).[79] On 4 January 2009, India's Ministry of Defence signed a US$2.1 billion (~$2.9 billion in 2023) agreement with Boeing for eight P-8Is to replace the Indian Navy's aging Tupolev Tu-142M maritime surveillance turboprops.[80] It was Boeing's first military sale to India and the P-8's first international customer.[81]

In October 2010, India's Defence Acquisition Council (DAC) approved the purchase of four additional P-8Is.[82] contract signature followed in July 2016 with deliveries expected to start from 2020.[83] In 2011, India planned to order twelve more P-8Is at a later date; in 2019, this was cut to eight to ten due to a limited budget.[84][85]

The Bharat Electronics Limited (BEL) Data Link II communications allows the P-8I to exchange tactical data between Indian Navy aircraft, ships and shore establishments;[86] it also features an integrated BEL-developed IFF system.[87] India has purchased 21 AGM-84L Harpoon Block II missiles and 32 Mark 54 Lightweight Torpedoes All-Up-Round for the P-8I.[88][89][90]

In July 2012, Boeing began P-8I flight testing.[91] On 19 December 2012, the first P-8I was handed over at Boeing's facility in Seattle.[92] It was inducted into the Indian Navy on 15 May 2013.[93] The type is based at INS Rajali, in Tamil Nadu.[94]

In 2014, several Indian Navy P-8Is conducted search operations for the missing Malaysia Airlines Flight 370.[79] The Indian Navy inducted the first squadron in November 2015.[95] P-8Is participated in the 2017 Doklam Standoff between Indian Army and China's People's Liberation Army. Indian Navy P-8Is also monitored Pakistani Army units during the 2019 Pulwama standoff.[96]

In November 2019, the Indian government approved the procurement of six more P-8Is.[97] In 2021, reports revealed that Indian Ministry of Defence has sent Letter of Request (LoR) to the US Government for procurement of additional 6 P-8Is. On 27 April, the LoR was forwarded to Defense Security Cooperation Agency (DSCA) and the proposal featured on a notice by the agency under the US Foreign Military Sales (FMS) program.[98][99][100] In April 2020, Defense Security Cooperation Agency cleared approved the sale of 10 AGM-84L Harpoon missiles along with containers, spare and repair parts, support and test equipment for the P-8I fleet to the Indian Navy at a value of $93 million. The possible sale of 16 aircraft-launched Mark 54 Lightweight Torpedo all up rounds and 3 Mk 54 Exercise Torpedoes for its additional P-8I fleet at a cost of $63 million was also cleared. These sales were for the additional four P-8Is.[101][102]

Of the 4 additional P-8Is ordered in 2016 the first was delivered to Indian naval air station INS Hansa, Dabolim Goa on 19 November 2020,[103] followed by another on 13 July 2021;[104] the remaining two were delivered on 30 December 2021.[105]

In August 2024, it was announced that the Indian Navy's P-8I fleet will be maintained by Air India Engineering Services Limited (AIESL), a subsidiary of Air India, which signed a deal with Boeing for receiving training for its personnel. AIESL has also overhauled the landing gear of the entire aircraft fleet.[106][107][108]

Australia

[edit]
An Australian P-8A in November 2020

On 20 July 2007, the Australian Minister for Defence announced that the P-8A was the preferred aircraft to replace the Royal Australian Air Force fleet of Lockheed AP-3C Orions in conjunction with a then yet-to-be-selected unmanned aerial vehicle. The last AP-3C was scheduled to be retired in 2018, after nearly 30 years of service.[109][110] In March 2009, Australia's Chief of Air Force stated that the RAAF planned to introduce the P-8A in 2016.[111]

In October 2012, Australia formalized its participation, committing A$73.9m (US$81.1m) in an agreement with the USN.[112] In July 2013, Air Marshal Geoff Brown, head of the RAAF, said Australia was considering buying more P-8As and fewer MQ-4C Triton UAVs than earlier planned.[113] On 21 February 2014, Prime Minister Tony Abbott announced the intention to procure eight P-8As plus options for four more; entry into service is planned for 2021.[114]

In July 2014, negotiations commenced between Boeing and the US Department of Defense to integrate the AGM-84 Harpoon Block 1G anti-ship missile onto the P-8A on Australia's behalf.[115] In August 2014, the USN concluded an advanced acquisition contract on the first four of up to 12 P-8As to be bought by Australia, with delivery expected from 2017.[116] In January 2016, Australia ordered a further four P-8As.[117] The 2016 Defence White Paper stated that eight P-8As would be in service in the early 2020s and that 15 P-8As are planned for by the late 2020s.[118] Including support facilities, the first group of eight aircraft's total cost is estimated at $3.6 billion (AU$4 billion).[119]

The RAAF accepted its first P-8A on 27 September 2016;[120] it arrived in Australia on 14 November.[121] The RAAF had received 12 P-8As by 13 December 2019.[122] The Australian Government approved ordering two additional aircraft on 30 December 2020. The option to acquire a 15th aircraft may not be taken up.[123]

According to the Australian Defence Minister, Richard Marles, in May 2022 a Chinese J-16 is alleged to have flown alongside a RAAF P-8A, deploying flares and chaff. One piece of chaff is alleged to have been ingested into the P-8A's engine.[124]

United Kingdom

[edit]
The Royal Air Force's first P-8

In August 2012, it was reported that Boeing saw the United Kingdom as a market for the P-8,[125] following the cancellation of the Nimrod MRA4 in 2010.[126] On 23 November 2015, the UK announced its intention to order nine P-8s in the Strategic Defence and Security Review 2015,[127] which would be based at RAF Lossiemouth, Scotland to protect the UK's nuclear deterrent and aircraft carriers, as well as perform search-and-rescue and overland reconnaissance missions.[128]

On 25 March 2016, the U.S. State Department approved a proposed Foreign Military Sale to the UK for up to nine P-8s and associated support.[129] During an April 2016 tour of US anti-submarine capabilities, the UK defense procurement minister stated that the Royal Air Force would initially operate the P-8 with U.S. weapons, with the option to transition to British weapons later.[130] It was not initially clear whether the UK would have access to future ground-surveillance capabilities developed for the P-8.[131][132][needs update] On 11 July 2016, Boeing announced the signing of a $3.87 billion (£3 billion) contract for nine P-8s and support infrastructure, spread across three production lots over a ten-year period, with deliveries commencing in 2019.[133][134]

The RAF allocated the aircraft the service name Poseidon MRA Mk1.[135] They are operated by No. 120 Squadron and No. 201 Squadron.[136][137] The first Poseidon MRA Mk1 (ZP801) made its initial flight on 13 July 2019.[138] The UK took delivery of the first aircraft, named Pride of Moray, at Boeing's Seattle facility on 29 October. It arrived at Kinloss Barracks in February 2020 before relocating to RAF Lossiemouth in October 2020,[139][140] along with ZP802 which was delivered on 13 March 2020.[141] The RAF declared the P-8 had reached initial operating capability (IOC) on 1 April 2020.[142] The final ordered aircraft arrived at RAF Lossiemouth in January 2022.[143]

Norway

[edit]

In March 2014, Norwegian newspaper Dagbladet reported that the Royal Norwegian Air Force is considering leasing aircraft from Boeing as No. 333 Squadron RNoAF's six P-3 Orions were becoming increasingly difficult to keep operational.[144] In June 2016, Norwegian newspaper Verdens Gang reported that the Norwegian government would buy four new surveillance aircraft in its long-term defense plan; the P-8 was seen as the main option.[145] In December 2016, the U.S. State Department approved the sale with congressional approval pending.[146][needs update]

On 29 March 2017, Norway signed a contract for five P-8As, to be delivered between 2022 and 2023.[147] On 13 July 2021, Boeing rolled out first P-8As Poseidon aircraft from the paint shop for Norway.[148] The first aircraft was delivered on 18 November 2021. It is to be operated by the 133 Air Wing, 333 Squadron at Evenes Air Station.[149] The first P-8 is to be named Viking and the successive four aircraft are to be named for Norse gods: Vingtor, Ulabrand, Hugin and Munin.[150]

New Zealand

[edit]
A New Zealand P-8A during Warbirds over Wanaka 2024, with an open bomb bay

Boeing publicly identified the Royal New Zealand Air Force as a potential customer in 2008 as a replacement for its P-3 Orions.[151] In April 2017, the U.S. State Department approved the possible foreign military sale of up to four P-8As with equipment and support, valued at US$1.46 billion (~$1.79 billion in 2023).[152][153] In July 2018, the New Zealand government announced the purchase of four P-8As, to begin operations in 2023.[154]

Four P-8As were ordered in March 2019.[155] The RNZAF is planning to operate the type for at least 30 years.[156] In September 2020, the inaugural Royal New Zealand Air Force crew for the P-8A graduated training at Jacksonville, Florida.[157] This crew is to then qualify as instructors to train the first RNZAF crews back in New Zealand. The first P-8A was delivered in December 2022 with three more aircraft delivered as of July 2023.[158][159]

South Korea

[edit]

In 2013, the Defense Acquisition Program Administration (DAPA) commenced a ₩1 trillion (equivalent to ₩1.05 trillion or US$929.13 million in 2017)[160] procurement program to acquire up to 20 ASW aircraft to replace the Republic of Korea Navy's fleet of 16 P-3Cs; possible candidates included the C-295 MPA, P-8, Saab Swordfish and the SC-130J Sea Hercules.[161] DAPA considered procuring 12 to 20 ex-USN Lockheed S-3 Vikings.[162] In 2017, the ROKN canceled plans to buy refurbished S-3s.[163][164]

On 26 June 2018, it was announced that DAPA had selected the P-8 and would acquire six aircraft through the US Foreign Military Sales program.[165] On 13 September 2018, the US state department stated it supported the sale of 6 P-8s and notified Congress.[166] South Korea ordered six P-8As in March 2019 with aircraft delivered in 2024.[167]

Germany

[edit]

The US Department of State approved a possible Foreign Military Sale of five P-8As with associated equipment to Germany for an estimated cost of $1.77 billion. The US Defense Security Cooperation Agency (DSCA) notified US Congress of the possible sale on 12 March 2021.[168][169] On 23 June 2021, Germany approved the purchase of five P-8As worth $1.31 billion (~$1.45 billion in 2023).[170] On 28 September 2021, Germany finalized the purchase and is to retire its existing P-3C Orions when the P-8s are delivered.[171][172] In November 2023, a simulator and an additional three P-8s were approved.[173] The first P-8A will enter service with the German Navy in Spring 2025.[174]

Canada

[edit]

Boeing identified that the Royal Canadian Air Force's fleet of CP-140 Auroras (Canadian variant of the P-3 Orion) would begin to reach the end of their service life by 2025. In 2015, Boeing offered the Challenger MSA, a smaller and cheaper aircraft based on the Bombardier Challenger 650 integrating many of the P-8's sensors and equipment, to complement but not replace the CP-140s. Boeing also offered the P-8A with modifications specific to Canadian operations to replace the Aurora.[175][176]

In 2019, Canada announced the start of a project to replace its CP-140s, valued at greater than Can$5 billion and named "Canadian Multimission Aircraft Project". The Canadian Armed Forces requirements call for a crewed, long-range platform, capable of providing C4, ISR, and ASW with the ability to engage/control and to fully integrate with other ISR and ASW assets.[177] In 2022, Boeing officially announced it would offer the P-8A in the Canadian Multi-Mission Aircraft project[178] with CAE, GE Aviation Canada, IMP Aerospace & Defence, KF Aerospace, Honeywell Aerospace Canada and Raytheon Canada.[179] In March 2023, Canada announced the submission of a Letter of Request via the U.S. government's Foreign Military Sales program on the acquisition of up to 16 P-8As.[180] On 27 June 2023, the State Department approved a possible $5.9 billion sale of up to 16 P-8As and associated equipment, pending approval by Congress.[181]

On 30 November 2023, Defence Minister Bill Blair announced that Canada would purchase up to 16 P-8As for $10.4 billion CAD (US$7.7 billion).[182] The cost breakdown includes $8 billion CAD for the aircraft and related equipment while another $2.4 billion CAD is for simulators, infrastructure and weapons.[183] Delivery of the type is expected between 2026 and 2027, with full operational capability anticipated by 2033.[182] The fleet is to be based in Nova Scotia at 14 Wing Greenwood, and in British Columbia at 19 Wing Comox.[184]

Potential operators

[edit]

Brazil

[edit]

On 23 September 2022, Boeing's Latin America director, Tim Flood, presented the capabilities of the P-8 to the Brazilian Air Force commander, General Carlos de Almeida Baptista Júnior. According to Baptista Júnior, "the discussions have a great importance to prospect the future of FAB's maritime patrol aviation", as part of a plan to replace its P-3AMs currently in service.[185][186]

Denmark

[edit]

According to a leaked defence list in the Danish newspaper Altinget in 2023, Denmark is considering acquiring P-8s in the near future.[187]

Italy

[edit]

Italy indicated interest in purchasing P-8s, with fleet support provided by Alitalia, in 2004.[188] However, in December 2008, Italy announced the purchase of four ATR 72 aircraft to replace its aging Atlantic maritime patrol fleet,[189] possibly as a temporary solution because Italy remained interested in the P-8.[190]

NATO

[edit]

In April 2019, Boeing was reported to be in exploratory talks with various NATO allies to offer the P-8 as a NATO-shared interim solution to provide European allies with its capabilities until domestic capabilities could be secured by 2035.[191]

Saudi Arabia

[edit]

In 2017, Boeing announced it had signed several agreements with Saudi Arabia, which intends to order the P-8.[192] The International Institute for Strategic Studies reported in 2019 that a Saudi order for the type was still pending.[193]

Turkey

[edit]

In 2016, Turkey indicated that it planned to acquire a new MMA aircraft to supplement existing assets, the P-8A being the main candidate based on the required performance.[194]

Failed bids

[edit]

Malaysia

[edit]

In December 2017, the Royal Malaysian Air Force's Brigadier General Yazid Bin Arshad announced it had shortlisted four aircraft types to replace the force's aging fleet of Beechcraft Super King Air maritime patrol aircraft; these are the EADS CASA C-295 from Airbus, the P-8 from Boeing, ATR 72 MP from ATR, and the CASA/IPTN CN-235, possibly provided by either Airbus or Indonesian Aerospace, which acquired a licence to produce it. Arshad added that: "these four types are shortlisted, the door is not closed yet", indicating other options may be possible.[195] In May 2023, Malaysia selected ATR's ATR-72MP as its maritime patrol aircraft.[196]

Variants

[edit]
P-8A Poseidon
Production variant developed for the United States Navy.
P-8I Neptune
Export variant for the Indian Navy[80] with a CAE Inc AN/ASQ-508A Magnetic Anomaly Detector and a Griffon Corporation Telephonics APS-143C(V)3 multi-mode aft radar added,[197][198] and a version of the Raytheon APY-10 multi-mission surface search radar that meets export requirements.[78]
Poseidon MRA1
Royal Air Force designation for the P-8A.[135]
P-8 AGS
An Airborne ground surveillance variant proposed to the USAF in 2010 as replacement to the E-8 Joint STARS fleet; equipped with a pod-mounted, AESA radar.[33]

Operators

[edit]
  Current P-8 operators
  Future P-8 operators
 Australia
 Canada
 Germany
An Indian Navy P-8I at the Republic Day Parade Flypast 2024
 India
 New Zealand
 Norway
 South Korea
 United Kingdom
 United States

Specifications (P-8A)

[edit]
A P-8A of VP-16 dropping a Mark 46 torpedo
Crew on board an Indian Navy P-8I searching for missing airliner MH370

Data from United States Navy,[222][223] Boeing,[38] and others[37]

General characteristics

  • Crew: Flight: two; Mission: seven
  • Capacity: 19,800 lb (9,000 kg)
  • Length: 129 ft 5 in (39.47 m)
  • Wingspan: 123 ft 6 in (37.64 m)
  • Height: 42 ft 1 in (12.83 m)
  • Empty weight: 138,300 lb (62,730 kg)
  • Max takeoff weight: 189,200 lb (85,820 kg)
  • Powerplant: 2 × CFM56-7B27A turbofans, 27,300 lbf (121 kN) thrust each

Performance

  • Maximum speed: 564 mph (907 km/h, 490 kn)
  • Cruise speed: 509 mph (815 km/h, 440 kn)
  • Combat range: 1,383 mi (2,225 km, 1,200 nmi) radius with 4 hours on station for anti-submarine warfare mission[224]
  • Ferry range: 5,200 mi (8,300 km, 4,500 nmi)
  • Service ceiling: 41,000 ft (12,500 m)

Armament

Avionics

See also

[edit]

Related development

Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era

Related lists

References

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ "Orders & Deliveries". Boeing. Retrieved 30 November 2024.
  2. ^ a b Majumdar, Dave (8 March 2012). "Picture: Boeing delivers first production P-8A". Flight International. Archived from the original on 11 March 2012 – via FlightGlobal.
  3. ^ a b "Boeing P-8A Poseidon successfully completes 1st flight." Archived 30 April 2009 at the Wayback Machine Boeing, 27 April 2009.
  4. ^ "P-3C Orion long range ASW aircraft". Navy.mil. 18 February 2009. Archived from the original on 16 March 2011.
  5. ^
  6. ^ "Boeing 737 MMA." Flug Revue, 17 June 2004.
  7. ^ Cortes, Lorenzo and Amy Butler. "Boeing wins Navy's $3.88 Billion MMA bid over Lockheed Martin." Defense Daily, 15 June 2004.
  8. ^ Lewis, Paul (8 October 2002). "BAE pulls out of MMA competition; Lack of US partner prompts Nimrod MRA4 withdrawal". Flight International. p. 5. Archived from the original on 31 May 2020.
  9. ^ LeMond-Holman, Ellen et al. "Boeing team wins $3.89 Billion multi-mission Maritime Aircraft Program." Archived 18 June 2004 at the Wayback Machine Boeing, 14 May 2004.
  10. ^ "Boeing to develop Navy's multi-mission maritime aircraft." Archived 4 June 2011 at the Wayback Machine U.S. Navy, 15 June 2004.
  11. ^ a b "P-8A multi-mission maritime aircraft (MMA)." Archived 11 July 2007 at the Wayback Machine U.S. Navy, 17 February 2009.
  12. ^ Lemond, Ellen, Chick Ramey and Debiie Gann. "Boeing-led Poseidon team begins production of first P-8A fuselage." Archived 7 October 2008 at the Wayback Machine Boeing, 12 December 2007.
  13. ^ Hatcher, Renee. "MMA is designated P-8A." Archived 20 March 2012 at the Wayback Machine U.S. Navy Naval Air Systems Command (NAVAIR), 1 April 2005.
  14. ^ Freedberg, Sydney J. Jr. "Navy's P-8 Sub Hunter Bets On High Altitude, High Tech; Barf Bags Optional." AOL Defense, 2 October 2012.
  15. ^ GAO-09-326SP "Assessments of major weapon programs." Archived 30 August 2009 at the Wayback Machine GAO.
  16. ^ Ramey, Chick and Doug Abbotts. "Boeing P-8A Poseidon aircraft T3 enters flight test." Archived 15 October 2011 at the Wayback Machine Boeing, 2 August 2010.
  17. ^ Trimble, Stephen (13 August 2010). "Boeing P-8A approved to launch production". Flight International. Archived from the original on 9 March 2012 – via FlightGlobal.
  18. ^ "P-8A Poseidon milestone reached." Archived 20 November 2010 at the Wayback Machine AirForces Monthly, 13 August 2010.
  19. ^ Goettee, Liz. "U.S. Navy Boeing P-8A Poseidon launches first sonobuoys." Archived 12 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine Seattle Post-Intelligencer, 22 October 2010.
  20. ^ Reed, John. "Counterfeit Parts found on the P-8." defensetech.org, 8 November 2011.
  21. ^ "Boeing Receives $1.9 Billion Contract for 11 P-8A Poseidon Aircraft." Archived 2 October 2012 at the Wayback Machine Boeing, 24 September 2012.
  22. ^ Audit: Submarine Hunter Needs 'Critical' Testing Archived 28 August 2013 at the Wayback Machine – Defensetech.org, 12 July 2013
  23. ^ Boeing Dismisses Pentagon's P-8 Poseidon Audit Archived 24 July 2013 at the Wayback Machine – Defensetech.org, 17 June 2013
  24. ^ McGarry, Brendan. "Navy P-8 Deal Tops $17 Billion in July Awards." Archived 7 August 2013 at the Wayback Machine Dodbuzz.com, 6 August 2013.
  25. ^ "P-8 Poseidon fires first Harpoon anti-ship missile". Flight International. 9 July 2013. Archived from the original on 15 July 2013 – via FlightGlobal.
  26. ^ Majumdar, Dave (9 July 2013). "P-8A judged ready for fleet introduction". Flight International. Archived from the original on 13 July 2013 – via FlightGlobal.
  27. ^ Trimble, Stephen (1 August 2013). "Boeing receives $2bn contract to build 13 P-8As". Flight International. Archived from the original on 5 August 2013 – via FlightGlobal.
  28. ^ Troubled P-8A Poseidon enters full production Navytimes.com, 27 January 2014.
  29. ^ Norris, Guy (24 April 2014). "Increasing P-8A Capability". Aviation Week & Space Technology. Penton. Archived from the original on 24 April 2014.
  30. ^ "Boeing Sees UK C-17 Lease as Model for P-8". Defense News. 15 July 2014.[dead link‍]
  31. ^ Hemmerdinger, Jon (9 April 2014). "Reduced P-8 buy to affect price, not fleet plan". Flight International. Reed Business Information. Archived from the original on 11 April 2014 – via FlightGlobal.
  32. ^ Baglole, Joel (7 June 2011). "P-8 Poseidon: Future aircraft of the U.S. Navy". About.com. Archived from the original on 10 July 2011.
  33. ^ a b c Trimble, Stephen (18 February 2010). "Boeing pitches P-8 variant to replace JSTARS". Flight International. Archived from the original on 8 March 2010 – via FlightGlobal.
  34. ^ Cohen, Aubrey. "Boeing looks to sell more 737-based military jets." Archived 24 August 2015 at the Wayback Machine Seattle PI, 9 June 2011.
  35. ^ "Maritime Surveillance Aircraft: Boeing selects a Bombardier 'Bizjet', the Challenger 605, as the preferred airframe for its proposed MSA". Canadian American Strategic Review. July 2013. Archived from the original on 23 September 2013.
  36. ^ Boeing Eyes 737-700 Solution for New JSTARS – Defensenews.com, 12 September 2014
  37. ^ a b c d e f Croft, John (26 April 2010). "CUTAWAY: P-8A Poseidon – A Boeing with boost of bravado". Flight International. Archived from the original on 9 March 2013. Retrieved 10 March 2013 – via FlightGlobal.
  38. ^ a b "P-8A Poseidon" Archived 25 October 2007 at the Wayback Machine. Boeing. Retrieved: 6 July 2007.
  39. ^ Warwick, Graham (7 June 2005). "New MMA wingtips combat icing". Flight International. Archived from the original on 19 January 2015. Retrieved 12 September 2012 – via FlightGlobal.
  40. ^ Navy's P-8 Sub Hunter Bets On High Altitude, High Tech; Barf Bags Optional Archived 8 September 2015 at the Wayback Machine – Breakingdefense.com, 2 October 2012
  41. ^ a b BAE Systems to develop MAD ASW drone to help Navy P-8A find submarines from high altitudes Archived 19 January 2015 at the Wayback Machine. Militaryaerospace.com, 14 January 2015.
  42. ^ a b "AN/APY-10 maritime, littoral and overland surveillance radar." Archived 10 October 2012 at the Wayback Machine Raytheon, 2011.
  43. ^ How The Navy's Latest Anti-Submarine Aircraft Sees Under The Waves Archived 21 September 2015 at the Wayback Machine – Businessinsider.com, 27 November 2014
  44. ^ "Boeing: P-8A Poseidon". boeing.com. Archived from the original on 3 November 2014. Retrieved 19 November 2014.
  45. ^ Wastnage, Justin (26 January 2006). "Boeing unveils new 737 signals intelligence concept". Flight International. Archived from the original on 22 September 2013. Retrieved 12 September 2012 – via FlightGlobal.
  46. ^ Boeing P-8A Begins Advanced Airborne Sensor Testing Archived 17 September 2015 at the Wayback Machine – Defense-Update.com, 17 April 2014
  47. ^ Justen, Tech. Sgt., Kat (21 April 2017). "Air Force, Navy conduct first P-8A refueling mission". Air Mobility Command. Archived from the original on 8 August 2018. Retrieved 19 September 2018.
  48. ^ Osborn, Kris (4 January 2022). "The Navy's P-8 Poseidon Is America's Perfect Submarine Hunter". The National Interest. Archived from the original on 28 November 2023. Retrieved 27 November 2023.
  49. ^ Cavas, Christopher P. (7 February 2012). "P-8A makes debut in 'Bold Alligator' exercise". Navy Times. Archived from the original on 5 September 2012.
  50. ^ Crowther, Stuart. "Senior RAF officer reveals MoD may be considering Nimrod replacement." Archived 24 April 2012 at the Wayback Machine STV Local, 18 April 2012.
  51. ^ "VX-1 flies P-8 Poseidon during RIMPAC 2012 (NNS120729-04)." Archived 30 July 2012 at the Wayback Machine RIMPAC Public Affairs, 29 July 2012.
  52. ^ a b "Poseidon's inaugural deployment starts Friday". Navy Times. 27 November 2013.
  53. ^ "Find The Best Latest News & Website Reviews on dodbuzz.com". 13 June 2023. Archived from the original on 4 October 2011. Retrieved 13 June 2023.
  54. ^ Cenciotti, David (25 January 2014). "The Navy's $35-Billion Surveillance Plane Has Lots of Flaws". Medium. Archived from the original on 2 February 2014.
  55. ^ "P-8A Poseidon Multi-Mission Maritime Aircraft" (PDF). Director, Operational Test and Evaluation. Archived (PDF) from the original on 8 August 2022. Retrieved 21 July 2022.
  56. ^ Capaccio, Tony (23 January 2014). "Boeing Surveillance Plane Not Yet Effective, U.S. Tester Finds". Bloomberg Businessweek. Bloomberg L.P. Archived from the original on 6 July 2014.
  57. ^ "Top Weapons Buyer Disputes P-8 Testing Woes". Military.com. 28 January 2014. Archived from the original on 29 January 2014.
  58. ^ Schogol, Jeff (13 March 2014). "Navy adjusts effort in search for missing Malaysian airliner". Navy Times. Gannett Government Media.
  59. ^ Ashley Halsey III, "Navy finds ship that sank near Bahamas in Hurricane Joaquin" Archived 5 April 2018 at the Wayback Machine, The Washington Post, 2 November 2015.
  60. ^ Tatchio, Danielle (21 February 2018). "VP-8 Fighting Tigers Rescue Fishermen Lost at Sea for 8 Days in South Pacific". Archived from the original on 27 May 2018.
  61. ^ Whitlock, Craig (22 August 2014). "Pentagon: China tried to block U.S. military jet in dangerous mid-air intercept". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 22 August 2014.
  62. ^ Burns, Robert; Baldor, Lolita C. (22 August 2014). "Pentagon Cites 'Dangerous' Chinese Jet Intercept". ABC News. ABC News Internet Ventures. Associated Press. Archived from the original on 26 August 2014.
  63. ^ Lubold, Gordon (22 August 2014). "Call Sign 'Rogue': Pentagon Says One Chinese Commander Responsible for Spate of Air Confrontations". Foreign Policy. Archived from the original on 26 August 2014.
  64. ^
  65. ^ Browne, Ryan; Cohen, Zachary (29 January 2018). "Russian jet flies within 5 feet of US Navy plane, Pentagon says". CNN. Archived from the original on 29 January 2018. Retrieved 29 January 2018.
  66. ^ Shalal-Esa, Andrea and Eveline Danubrata. "U.S. Navy may station ships in Singapore, Philippines." Archived 24 September 2015 at the Wayback Machine Reuters, 16 December 2011.
  67. ^ "U.S. says Malaysia offers to host spy planes that irk China" Archived 14 September 2014 at the Wayback Machine. Reuters, 13 September 2014.
  68. ^ "US to deploy Poseidon spy plane amid South China Sea territory tensions". The Guardian. 7 December 2015. Archived from the original on 24 August 2016.
  69. ^ "China Decries US P-8 Deployment in Singapore as 'Regional Militarization'." Archived 9 December 2015 at the Wayback Machine The Diplomat, 9 December 2015.
  70. ^ Post, The Jakarta. "US spy planes deployed in Singapore till next month for exercises". Archived from the original on 1 August 2016.
  71. ^ "Program Profile Boeing P-8". Aviation Week & Space Technology. Retrieved 9 December 2023. In November, 2023, a P-8A assigned to VP-4 taking-off from MCAS Kaneohe Bay in Oahu, Hawaii, overshot the runway and entered the water. The aircraft sustained visible damage to the radome but the aircraft was deemed to be structurally intact and could possibly be returned to service.
  72. ^ "U.S. Navy plane overshoots runway and goes into Kaneohe Bay". Honolulu Star-Advertiser. 21 November 2023. Archived from the original on 1 December 2023. Retrieved 3 December 2023.
  73. ^ "US Navy says it will cost $1.5M to salvage jet plane that crashed on Hawaii coral reef". AP News. Associated Press. 2 December 2023. Archived from the original on 2 December 2023. Retrieved 3 December 2023.
  74. ^ Finnerty, Ryan (27 November 2023). "US Navy hopes to restore crashed Hawaii P-8 to flight status". FlightGlobal. Archived from the original on 11 January 2024. Retrieved 10 December 2023.
  75. ^ Waldron, Greg (4 December 2023). "US Navy hauls P-8A from the sea in Hawaii". FlightGlobal. Archived from the original on 4 December 2023. Retrieved 10 December 2023.
  76. ^ Bodeen, Christopher (17 April 2024). "US navy flies aircraft through the Taiwan Strait a day after US-China defense chiefs hold rare talks". Associated Press. Archived from the original on 17 April 2024. Retrieved 17 April 2024.
  77. ^ Pandit, Rajat. "India eyes $2b defence deal with US." The Times of India, 29 January 2008.
  78. ^ a b "Raytheon to develop international version of APY-10 radar for P-8I." Archived 30 August 2011 at the Wayback Machine Theasiandefence.blogspot.com, 18 July 2010. Retrieved: 13 March 2011.
  79. ^ a b "Indian Navy pleased with P-8I performance on first op deployment". SP's Aviation. Archived from the original on 7 April 2014. Retrieved 2 April 2014.
  80. ^ a b Pandit, Rajat. "India inks largest-ever defence deal with US." Archived 14 May 2013 at the Wayback Machine The Times of India, 5 January 2009.
  81. ^ Ratnam, Gopal and Edmond Lococo. "Boeing to sell eight reconnaissance planes to India." Archived 13 March 2023 at the Wayback Machine Bloomberg, 6 January 2009.
  82. ^ Raman, P.K. "Navy stamps blue Water presence across IOR, bolsters capacity with induction of MiG-29k, INS Shivalik." Archived 1 September 2012 at the Wayback Machine India: Press Information Bureau English Releases, 2010.
  83. ^ DiMascio, Jen (28 July 2016). "India Orders Four More P-8I Aircraft". Aviation Week & Space Technology. Archived from the original on 29 July 2016.
  84. ^ Luthra, Gulshan. "Indian Navy to induct 24 Boeing P8-I maritime reconnaissance aircraft." Archived 6 December 2011 at the Wayback Machine India Strategic, December 2011.
  85. ^ Shukla, Ajai (10 May 2019). "Flat budget means Navy has fewer Sea Guardian drones, P-8I aircraft". Business Standard. Archived from the original on 14 May 2019.
  86. ^ "Boeing to use BEL designed Datalink-II." Archived 16 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine The Siasat Diary, 12 May 2010.
  87. ^ "BEL supplies P-8I aircraft equipment to Boeing." Archived 27 December 2010 at the Wayback Machine The Hindu, 23 December 2010.
  88. ^ "Indian Navy gets its most sophisticated system yet in P8-I Maritime Aircraft" Archived 1 May 2013 at the Wayback Machine. India Strategic, January 2013.
  89. ^ "US clears sale of anti-submarine torpedoes to Indian Navy". The Indian Express. 28 June 2011. Archived from the original on 26 January 2013. Retrieved 29 June 2011.
  90. ^ "India – AGM-84L Harpoon Block II Missiles". Defense Security Cooperation Agency. 21 December 2010. Archived from the original on 26 March 2021. Retrieved 5 January 2024.
  91. ^ "Боинг" начал программу летных испытаний первого самолета БПА Р-8I "Нептун" ВМС Индии: Boeing launched the first aircraft flight test program BKA p-8I "Neptune" Indian Navy (in Russian)." Archived 11 October 2013 at the Wayback Machine flotprom, 13 July 2012.
  92. ^ "Navy gets first long-range maritime reconnaissance aircraft." The Times of India. Retrieved: 9 January 2013.
  93. ^ "Navy Inducts Boeing Poseidon-8I to Tighten Coastal Security" . TimesofIndia.com, 15 May 2013.
  94. ^ "Indian Navy receives second P8I maritime patrol aircraft". The Hindu. Chennai, India. 16 November 2013. Archived from the original on 19 November 2013.
  95. ^ Diplomat, Franz-Stefan Gady. "India Inducts First Squadron of Anti-Submarine Warfare Plane". The Diplomat. Archived from the original on 9 November 2016. Retrieved 5 June 2016.
  96. ^ "Came to know of Navy's P-8I aircraft's capabilities during Doklam episode: CDS General Bipin Rawat". Times of India. 17 February 2020. Archived from the original on 17 February 2020. Retrieved 17 February 2020.
  97. ^ "Deck cleared for 6 more P-8I sub-hunters". Livefist. New Delhi. 28 November 2019. Archived from the original on 28 November 2019. Retrieved 28 November 2019.
  98. ^ Vavasseur, Xavier (3 May 2021). "United States Approves Possible FMS of 6 P-8I Maritime Patrol Aircraft to India". Naval News. Retrieved 15 October 2024.
  99. ^ Reim, Garrett. "India approved to buy six more P-8I maritime patrol aircraft for $2.42bn". Flight International. Archived from the original on 4 May 2021. Retrieved 4 May 2021 – via FlightGlobal.
  100. ^ "India requests six additional P-8I maritime multi-mission aircraft from US". Default. 27 July 2020. Retrieved 15 October 2024.
  101. ^ Beale, Jonathan (15 June 2022). "British rocket launchers to be sent to Ukraine imminently, minister says". BBC. Archived from the original on 5 January 2024. Retrieved 1 July 2022.
  102. ^ Vavasseur, Xavier (14 April 2020). "United States Approves Possible FMS of Harpoon & Torpedoes for India's P-8I MPA". Naval News. Retrieved 15 October 2024.
  103. ^ Navy's latest P-8I aircraft makes quiet touch down at INS Hansa Archived 8 January 2022 at the Wayback Machine Times of India, 19 November 2020
  104. ^ Another P8i from Boeing lands in Goa! Will boost Indian Navy's Maritime Reconnaissance Capabilities Archived 13 July 2021 at the Wayback Machine Financial Express 13 July 2021
  105. ^ Indian Navy's P-8I Neptune MPA Commence Operations from INS Hansa Archived 6 January 2022 at the Wayback Machine Naval News 4 January 2022
  106. ^ "Boeing Collaborates with AIESL for Maintenance Training in India". www.boeing.co.in. Retrieved 14 August 2024.
  107. ^ "Boeing partners with AIESL to provide services to Indian Navy's P-8I aircraft". The Economic Times. 13 August 2024. ISSN 0013-0389. Retrieved 14 August 2024.
  108. ^ Desk, NDTV Profit (13 August 2024). "Boeing, AIESL Collaborate To Provide Services To Indian Navy's P-8I Aircraft". NDTV Profit. Retrieved 14 August 2024. {{cite web}}: |last= has generic name (help)
  109. ^ "First pass approval for Orion replacement." Archived 1 September 2007 at the Wayback Machine The Hon. Dr Brendan Nelson, Minister for Defence, 20 July 2007.
  110. ^ "Asia Pacific: Avalon 2009: Australia looks set to join P-8 programme." Jane's. Retrieved: 29 August 2012.
  111. ^ "Air Power: P-8A Poseidon project overview | ADM Feb 2011 - Australian Defence Magazine". www.australiandefence.com.au. Retrieved 16 June 2024.
  112. ^ Waldron, Greg (5 October 2012). "Australia signs A$73.9m deal to participate in P-8A development". Flight International. Archived from the original on 8 October 2012 – via FlightGlobal.
  113. ^ "Australia plans to procure more P-8 Poseidon MPA than planned, reducing MQ-4C Triton UAS order" Archived 20 July 2013 at the Wayback Machine – Airrecognition.com, 18 July 2013.
  114. ^ "Abbott government to spend $4b on new patrol aircraft". Canberra Times. 21 February 2014. Archived from the original on 8 April 2014.
  115. ^ McLaughlin, Andre (29 July 2014). "Australia pushes for Harpoon integration on P-8As". Flight International. Archived from the original on 29 July 2014 – via FlightGlobal.
  116. ^ Stevenson, Beth (27 August 2014). "USN contracts for first four Australian P-8As". Flight International. Archived from the original on 11 September 2014 – via FlightGlobal.
  117. ^ Drew, Andrew (29 January 2016). "Boeing secures deal for 20 US and Australian P-8 Poseidons". Flight International. Archived from the original on 14 September 2016 – via FlightGlobal.
  118. ^ 2016 Defence White Paper (PDF). Australia: Commonwealth of Australia. 2016. pp. 87, 94. ISBN 978-0-9941680-5-4. Archived (PDF) from the original on 3 April 2016.
  119. ^ "Boeing to Produce 4 Anti-Submarine Warfare Planes for Australia". The Diplomat. 24 July 2016. Archived from the original on 28 July 2016.
  120. ^ Watson, Sean (6 October 2016). "First Poseidon off the rank". Air Force. Department of Defence. p. 3. Archived from the original on 13 December 2019. Retrieved 13 December 2019.
  121. ^ "First Poseidon touches down". Australian Defence Magazine. 17 November 2016. Archived from the original on 18 November 2016.
  122. ^ Dominguez, Gabriel (13 December 2019). "RAAF receives 12th Boeing P-8A Poseidon aircraft". Jane's 360. Archived from the original on 30 June 2022. Retrieved 1 January 2022.
  123. ^ a b McLaughlin, Andrew (30 December 2020). "Australia orders two additional Boeing P-8A Poseidons". ADBR. Archived from the original on 9 October 2021. Retrieved 10 January 2021.
  124. ^ "Chinese fighter jet 'chaffs' Australian plane near South China Sea, Canberra alleges". CNN. 5 June 2022. Archived from the original on 5 June 2022. Retrieved 5 June 2022.
  125. ^ "UK eyes maritime surveillance aircraft." AirForces Monthly, August 2012, p. 5.
  126. ^ Osborne, Anthony (12 September 2013). "U.K. Maritime Patrol Capability Re-Enters The Fray". Aviation Week. Archived from the original on 17 January 2014.
  127. ^ "National Security Strategy and Strategic Defence and Security Review" (PDF). Ministry of Defence. 23 November 2015. Archived (PDF) from the original on 24 November 2015.
  128. ^ "U.K. To Buy 138 F-35s, Will Boost Fighter Squadrons". Aviation Week. 23 November 2015. Archived from the original on 4 November 2016.
  129. ^ "United Kingdom – P-8A Aircraft and Associated Support". Defense Security Cooperation Agency. 25 March 2016. Archived from the original on 2 April 2016.
  130. ^ "US, UK Still Discussing Anti-Sub Gap Options". Defense News. 19 April 2016. Archived from the original on 13 March 2023. Retrieved 19 April 2016.
  131. ^ "U.K. Strives To Become More Reliable Defense Partner". Aviation Week. 26 November 2015. Archived from the original on 1 February 2018.
  132. ^ Allison, George (30 September 2016). "UK to examine improving P-8 ground surveillance capabilities". Archived from the original on 18 September 2020. Retrieved 21 September 2024.
  133. ^ "Boeing agrees surveillance aircraft deal with UK". Financial Times. 12 July 2016. Archived from the original on 13 March 2023. Retrieved 12 July 2016.
  134. ^ Hotten, Russell (11 July 2016). "Boeing signs £3bn deal for nine marine patrol planes". BBC News. Archived from the original on 15 July 2018.
  135. ^ a b "Post relating to the Poseidon MRA Mk.1". Facebook. Royal Air Force. 20 August 2018. Archived from the original on 22 April 2019.
  136. ^ "Defence Secretary announces new Maritime Patrol Aircraft squadrons". Ministry of Defence. 13 July 2017. Archived from the original on 13 July 2017.
  137. ^ Allison, George (30 October 2019). "First P-8A Poseidon handed over to Royal Air Force". UK Defence Journal. Archived from the original on 22 October 2020. Retrieved 28 October 2020.
  138. ^ "Poseidon, The UK's New Maritime Patrol Aircraft, Takes To The Skies". Royal Air Force. 13 July 2019. Archived from the original on 13 July 2019.
  139. ^ "First of RAF's new UK submarine hunters lands in Scotland". BBC News. 4 February 2020. Archived from the original on 12 August 2020. Retrieved 14 June 2020.
  140. ^ Chorley, Dan (13 October 2020). "RAF Poseidon MRA1 arrives at RAF Lossiemouth for the first time". Royal Air Force. Archived from the original on 7 February 2021. Retrieved 3 February 2021.
  141. ^ Jennings, Gareth (13 March 2020). "Second RAF Poseidon arrives in UK". Janes.com. Archived from the original on 11 February 2021. Retrieved 3 February 2021.
  142. ^ "RAF Declare Poseidon an Initial Operating Capability". raf.mod.uk. 3 April 2020. Archived from the original on 2 November 2020. Retrieved 24 May 2020.
  143. ^ "Final P-8 Poseidon Maritime Patrol Aircraft arrives in Scotland". 11 January 2022. Archived from the original on 11 January 2022. Retrieved 11 January 2022.
  144. ^ "Norge vurderer å lease overvåkningsfly fra USA". Dagbladet.no. 14 March 2014. Archived from the original on 19 March 2014.
  145. ^ "Regjeringens plan: Slik blir det nye Forsvaret". vg.no. 15 June 2016. Archived from the original on 19 June 2016. Retrieved 19 June 2016.
  146. ^ "State Dept approves P-8A aircraft sale to Norway". upi.com. Archived from the original on 27 March 2017. Retrieved 19 March 2017.
  147. ^ a b "Norge har inngått kontrakt om kjøp av fem nye P-8A Poseidon maritime patruljefly". Regjeringen.no. 29 March 2017. Archived from the original on 30 March 2017.
  148. ^ GDC (14 July 2021). "Boeing rolled out first P-8A Poseidon Aircraft for Norway". Global Defense Corp. Archived from the original on 14 July 2021. Retrieved 14 July 2021.
  149. ^ "Boeing Delivers First P-8A Poseidon to Norway". boeing.mediaroom.com. Boeing. 18 November 2021. Retrieved 15 May 2024.
  150. ^ "Dette skal de nye norske maritime patruljeflyene hete". forsvaret.no (in Norwegian). Forsvaret. 3 July 2021. Retrieved 24 May 2024.
  151. ^ "Boeing identifies 14 nations for P-8A exports". Flight International. 18 June 2008. Archived from the original on 22 December 2015 – via FlightGlobal.
  152. ^ "New Zealand – P-8A Aircraft and Associated Support". Defense Security Cooperation Agency. Washington, DC. 28 April 2017. Archived from the original on 6 May 2017.
  153. ^ Waldron, Greg (2 May 2017). "New Zealand requests details about P-8A Poseidon". Flight International. Singapore. Archived from the original on 6 May 2017 – via FlightGlobal.
  154. ^ "New Zealand to buy Boeing P-8 patrol planes to boost South Pacific surveillance". Reuters. 9 July 2018. Archived from the original on 24 September 2018.
  155. ^ Jennings, Gareth (1 March 2019). "Poseidons for South Korea and New Zealand placed under contract". Jane's 360. London. Archived from the original on 1 March 2019.
  156. ^ "Future Air Surveillance Capability Maritime Patrol Aircraft". New Zealand Ministry of Defence. Archived from the original on 7 February 2021. Retrieved 7 March 2021.
  157. ^ "Defence capability projects | Ministry of Defence Website". www.defence.govt.nz. Archived from the original on 24 June 2021. Retrieved 24 June 2021.
  158. ^ a b "Poseidon fleet complete". New Zealand Defence Force. 20 July 2023. Archived from the original on 16 August 2023. Retrieved 29 November 2023.
  159. ^ Arthur, Gordon (18 July 2023). "New Zealand Completes Its Full Deck Of P-8A Aircraft". Naval News. Archived from the original on 30 November 2023. Retrieved 29 November 2023.
  160. ^ 1906 to 1911: Williamson J. (1999), Nominal Wage, Cost of Living, Real Wage and Land Rent Data for Korea 1906-1939 1912 to 1939: Mizoguchi, T. (1972). Consumer Prices and Real Wages in Taiwan and Korea Under Japanese Rule. Hitotsubashi Journal of Economics, 13(1), 40-56. Retrieved May 21, 2021. Afterwards, consumer price index from Statistics Korea. Consumer Price Index by year. Retrieved 3 April 2018
  161. ^ Kang Seung-woo (26 May 2013). "Korea to but 20 anti-sub aircraft". The Korea Times. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016.
  162. ^ "South Korea to pave way for further S-3 Viking sales". IHS Jane's 360. Archived from the original on 6 June 2016. Retrieved 25 June 2016.
  163. ^ Perrett, Bradley; Kim, Minseok (16 March 2017). "S. Korea Eyeing P-8, Swordfish As S-3 Upgrade Dropped". Aviation Week. Melbourne, Australia and Seoul. Archived from the original on 19 October 2017.
  164. ^ Waldron, Greg (18 October 2017). "ADEX: Big MPAs hunt for Seoul maritime requirement". Flight International. Seoul. Archived from the original on 19 October 2017 – via FlightGlobal.
  165. ^ "Boeing Wins Deal for Korea's Next Maritime Patrol Plane". The Chosun Ilbo. 26 June 2018.
  166. ^ "Korea – P-8A Aircraft and Associated Support". US DSCA. 13 September 2018. Archived from the original on 24 September 2018.
  167. ^ a b "South Korea receives three P-8A Poseidons". Janes. 20 June 2024.
  168. ^ "Germany – P-8A Aircraft and Associated Support". dsca.mil. Archived from the original on 10 May 2021. Retrieved 14 July 2021.
  169. ^ "Germany – P-8A Aircraft and Associated Support" (PDF). Defense Security Cooperation Agency. 12 March 2021. Archived (PDF) from the original on 14 March 2021. Retrieved 16 March 2021.
  170. ^ "Germany approves purchase of five Boeing P-8A Poseidon". Navy Recognition. 24 June 2021. Archived from the original on 30 June 2021. Retrieved 14 July 2021.
  171. ^ "Boeing Awarded Contract for Five P-8A Aircraft for Germany". MediaRoom. Archived from the original on 31 March 2022. Retrieved 28 September 2021.
  172. ^ "Germany bought five P-8 Poseidon worth 1.1 billion euros". Global Defense Corp. 2 July 2021. Archived from the original on 10 July 2021. Retrieved 14 July 2021.
  173. ^ "Beschaffung neuer Dingos und Seefernaufklärer gebilligt". 21 December 2023. Archived from the original on 18 November 2023. Retrieved 18 November 2023.
  174. ^ a b Frank, Dorothee (12 February 2024). "Wechsel von der P-3C Orion zur P-8A Poseidon" [Change from the P-3C Orion to the P-8A Poseidon]. cpm Defence Network (in German). Retrieved 12 February 2024.
  175. ^ "Boeing's MSA lands in Ottawa". vanguardcanada.com. 29 July 2015. Archived from the original on 16 September 2016.
  176. ^ "Boeing pitches Canada on a new multi-mission aircraft". espritdecorps.ca. Archived from the original on 21 September 2016. Retrieved 9 September 2016.
  177. ^ "Canadian Multimission Aircraft". Forces.gc.ca. 30 May 2018. Archived from the original on 13 March 2023.
  178. ^ "Boeing to offer the P-8A Poseidon for Canada's Multi-Mission Aircraft project". Archived from the original on 10 February 2022. Retrieved 7 June 2022.
  179. ^ "Boeing teams with Canadian industry to offer P-8A Poseidon for CMMA Canadian Multi-Mission Aircraft requirement". Archived from the original on 3 June 2022. Retrieved 7 June 2022.
  180. ^ "Boeing Statement on Canada's Multi Mission Aircraft Project". boeing.mediaroom.com. 27 March 2023. Archived from the original on 27 March 2023. Retrieved 27 March 2023.
  181. ^ "CANADA – P-8A AIRCRAFT". Defense Security Cooperation Agency. Archived from the original on 27 June 2023. Retrieved 28 June 2023.
  182. ^ a b Shakil, Ismail; Lampert, Allison (30 November 2023). "Canada to order Boeing surveillance aircraft in Bombardier rebuff". Reuters. London: Thompson Reuters Corporation. Archived from the original on 8 December 2023. Retrieved 6 February 2024.
  183. ^ Pugliese, David (30 November 2023). "U.S. government sole-source deal worth $8 billion for new military surveillance aircraft fleet". Ottawa Citizen. Postmedia News. Archived from the original on 1 December 2023.
  184. ^ Ebadi, Diana (30 November 2023). "Canada purchasing up to 16 P-8A Poseidon Multi Mission Aircraft for the Royal Canadian Air Force". Department of National Defence (Press release). Ottawa: King's Printer for Canada. Archived from the original on 4 December 2023.
  185. ^ "La Fuerza Aérea Brasileña interesada en aeronaves de patrulla P-8 Poseidon y entrenadores T-7 Red Hawk" [The Brazilian Air Force is interested in the P-8 Poseidon patrol aircraft and T-7 Red Hawk trainers]. Zona Militar (in Spanish). 23 September 2022. Archived from the original on 24 September 2022. Retrieved 24 September 2022.
  186. ^ "Comandante da FAB reúne-se com representantes da Boeing e da Saab" [FAB commander meet with Boeing and SAAB representatives]. fab.mil.br (in Portuguese). 23 September 2022. Archived from the original on 24 September 2022. Retrieved 24 September 2022.
  187. ^ "Internt notat viser Forsvarets lange ønskeliste til politikerne". Forsvar. 19 November 2023. Archived from the original on 19 November 2023. Retrieved 19 November 2023.
  188. ^ "U.S. MMA decision reverberates in Italy". Aviation Week & Space Technology, 21 June 2004.
  189. ^ "Eyes Forward: Italy chooses ATR 72s for sea surveillance, but still awaits UAV type selection". Aviation Week and Space Technology, 15 December 2008.
  190. ^ Alegi, G. Dedalonews "Quattro ATR 72 da pattugliamento marittimo" (in Italian). Archived 15 May 2009 at the Wayback Machine l'Aeronautica Militare, 12 December 2008.
  191. ^ Tigner, Brooks (5 April 2019). "NATO considers Boeing P-8 maritime patrol aircraft as temporary gap filler until 2035". Jane's 360. Brussels. Archived from the original on 5 April 2019. Retrieved 5 April 2019.
  192. ^ "Boeing Co signs defense, commercial deals with Saudi Arabia". reuters. 21 May 2017. Archived from the original on 21 May 2017.
  193. ^ Waldwyn, Tom (4 March 2019). "P-8A Poseidon: leading a revived maritime patrol market". Military Balance Blog. IISS. Archived from the original on 7 November 2020. Retrieved 7 March 2021.
  194. ^ Burak Ege Bekdil (25 May 2016). "Turkish Navy Mulls Buying Long-Range Patrol Aircraft". Defense News. Archived from the original on 13 March 2023. Retrieved 31 May 2016.
  195. ^ Ridzwan, Rahmat (19 December 2017). "Malaysia discloses line of aircraft shortlisted for maritime patrol requirements". IHS Jane's 360. Archived from the original on 26 December 2017.
  196. ^ "Malaysia inks light combat jet, maritime patrol aircraft deals". 25 May 2023.
  197. ^ "P-8I Multimission Maritime Patrol Aircraft". www.naval-technology.com. Archived from the original on 3 March 2020. Retrieved 3 March 2020.
  198. ^ "Telephonics to Supply Aft Radar for India's P-8i Maritime Patrol Aircraft". www.telephonics.com. Archived from the original on 3 March 2020. Retrieved 3 March 2020.
  199. ^ "Boeing Delivers First P-8A Poseidon to New Zealand". MediaRoom. Archived from the original on 10 December 2022. Retrieved 11 December 2022.
  200. ^ a b c "Boeing: Orders and Deliveries (updated monthly)". Boeing. 31 March 2024. Retrieved 12 April 2024.
  201. ^ a b "No. 292 Squadron – Preparing the hunter". Royal Australian Air Force. 21 March 2019. Archived from the original on 2 March 2021. Retrieved 3 February 2021.
  202. ^ "Canada purchasing up to 16 P-8A Poseidon Multi Mission Aircraft for the Royal Canadian Air Force". Government of Canada. 30 November 2023. Archived from the original on 4 December 2023. Retrieved 30 November 2023.
  203. ^ "Canada orders 14 Poseidon P-8A maritime patrol aircraft | Shephard". www.shephardmedia.com. Retrieved 16 June 2024.
  204. ^ Luck, Alex (18 November 2023). "Germany buying more Poseidon, question marks on MAWS". Naval News. Archived from the original on 23 December 2023. Retrieved 6 January 2024.
  205. ^ "2nd Biggest Operator Of Submarine Hunters, Indian Navy Receives Its 12th P-8I Poseidon Aircraft From Boeing". eurasiantimes.com. 24 February 2022. Archived from the original on 21 March 2022. Retrieved 24 February 2022.
  206. ^ "INAS 312 – The Albatross". Indian Navy. Archived from the original on 4 January 2022. Retrieved 3 February 2021.
  207. ^ Indian Navy's P-8I Neptune MPA Commence Operations from INS Hansa Archived 6 January 2022 at the Wayback Machine Naval News 4 January 2022
  208. ^ Indian Navy enhances reach with new reconnaissance aircraft squadron based in Goa Archived 5 January 2022 at the Wayback Machine India Today 5 January 2022
  209. ^ Herk, Hans van (27 May 2022). "Delivery of final RNoAF Poseidon". www.scramble.nl. Archived from the original on 31 May 2022. Retrieved 27 May 2022.
  210. ^ Bixby, Tom [@TomBixby4] (7 April 2022). "Delivered to Norwegian Air force p8 poseidon 3 of 5.. this one landed at naval air station Jacksonville for training https://t.co/zQvD91Bez5" (Tweet). Archived from the original on 8 April 2022. Retrieved 14 December 2022 – via Twitter.
  211. ^ "Norwegian Air Force takes delivery of third P-8A Poseidon aircraft". Airforce Technology. 30 May 2022. Archived from the original on 31 March 2023. Retrieved 1 April 2023.
  212. ^ Lee, Daehan (23 February 2022). "South Korea's First P-8A MPA Breaks Cover". Naval News. Archived from the original on 5 February 2023. Retrieved 24 April 2023.
  213. ^ Boeing UK & Ireland [@BoeingUK] (11 January 2022). "Nine aircraft < Two years. Welcome to the latest #P8, just landed at @RAFLossiemouth 👏 https://t.co/gQ89WWV3wa" (Tweet). Archived from the original on 11 January 2022. Retrieved 20 March 2022 – via Twitter.
  214. ^ "UK receives eighth Poseidon MRA1". Jane's 360. 16 November 2021. Archived from the original on 16 November 2021. Retrieved 16 November 2021.
  215. ^ a b "Number 42 Squadron reforms at RAF Lossiemouth". Royal Air Force. 1 November 2023. Archived from the original on 2 November 2023. Retrieved 3 November 2023.
  216. ^ a b Jennings, Gareth (2 February 2021). "Fifth RAF Poseidon arrives in UK". Janes.com. Archived from the original on 9 October 2021. Retrieved 3 February 2021.
  217. ^ "Sixth RAF Poseidon Aircraft Named 'Guernsey's Reply'". Forces Network. 8 May 2021. Archived from the original on 8 May 2021. Retrieved 10 May 2021.
  218. ^ "Scramble exclusive: BUPERS Orions and Poseidons". Scramble Magazine (Facebook). 16 August 2019. Archived from the original on 26 February 2022. Retrieved 3 February 2021. [self-published source?]
  219. ^ a b c "Orbat: USN – CONUS". Scramble. Archived from the original on 28 February 2021. Retrieved 3 February 2021.
  220. ^ "Navy Reserve Poseidon". scramble.nl. 7 August 2023. Archived from the original on 12 October 2023. Retrieved 28 September 2023.
  221. ^ "Patrol Squadron (VP) 69 "Totems"". airpac.navy.mil. Archived from the original on 12 October 2023. Retrieved 28 September 2023.
  222. ^ "P-8A Multi-mission maritime aircraft." Archived 11 July 2007 at the Wayback Machine United States Navy, 25 January 2007. Retrieved: 15 March 2011.
  223. ^ "P-8A Poseidon fires Harpoon, hits mark". NAVAIR News. Naval Air Systems Command. 5 July 2013. Archived from the original on 18 October 2015. Retrieved 17 October 2015.
  224. ^ "P-8A Poseidon". NAVAIR. Archived from the original on 22 April 2023. Retrieved 22 April 2023.
  225. ^ "AARGM-ER Datasheet" (PDF). Northrop Grumman. 24 March 2023. NG22-2316. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 May 2023. Retrieved 9 May 2023.
  226. ^ "First View of LRASM Missile Aboard a US Navy P-8A Poseidon". 4 April 2023. Archived from the original on 7 April 2023. Retrieved 26 May 2023.
  227. ^ "RAF chooses UK manufactured Sting Ray Torpedo for Poseidon fleet". 30 November 2023. Archived from the original on 16 January 2024. Retrieved 21 January 2024.
  228. ^ Majumdar, Dave (20 April 2012). "US Navy to start P-8 operational tests in the summer". Flight International. Archived from the original on 19 April 2013 – via FlightGlobal.
  229. ^ "AN/ALQ-240(V)1 Airborne Maritime Patrol Systems". northropgrumman.com. Archived from the original on 12 February 2017. Retrieved 11 February 2017.
  230. ^ Trevithick, Joseph (4 May 2020). "Behold These Awesome Shots Of A Navy P-8A Poseidon Carrying Its Big Secretive Radar Pod". The Drive. Archived from the original on 29 July 2021. Retrieved 9 August 2021.

Bibliography

[edit]
  • Endres, Günter (2001). The Illustrated Directory of Modern Commercial Aircraft. St. Paul, Minnesota: MBI Publishing. ISBN 978-0-7603-1125-7.
  • Norris, Guy; Wagner, Mark (1999). Modern Boeing Jetliners. Minneapolis, Minnesota: Zenith Imprint. ISBN 978-0-7603-0717-5.
  • Shaw, Robbie (1999). Boeing 737-300 to 800. St. Paul, Minnesota: MBI Publishing. ISBN 978-0-7603-0699-4.
[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Boeing P-8 Poseidon.
Retrieved from "http://en.wiki.x.io/w/index.php?title=Boeing_P-8_Poseidon&oldid=1261837539"