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January 2017 European cold wave

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January 2017 European cold wave
A frozen fountain in Rome on 7 January 2017
TypeCold wave
Formed5 January 2017[1]
Lowest temperature−45.4 °C (−49.7 °F) in Oparino, Russia[2]
Fatalities73+ deaths[3][4]
Areas affectedEastern Europe, Central Europe, Italy, Turkey

A period of exceptionally cold and snowy winter weather in January 2017 occurred in Eastern and Central Europe. In some areas, flights and shipping services were suspended, and there was major disruption to power supplies and other essential infrastructure.[5] The weather was the result of stationary high pressure over western Europe, resulting in strong winds circulating from Russia and Scandinavia towards eastern Europe.[1][6] On 9 January, the Continental Arctic (cA) air mass extended from Germany across the Balkans, resulting in deep snow in Greece and strong bora winds affecting Croatia in particular. In addition, heavy snow in central and Southern Italy was the result of cold air flowing across the warmer Adriatic Sea.[7] At least 73 deaths were attributed to the cold wave.

Affected areas

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During the first week of 2017, 46 (mainly homeless) people died from the cold in Poland,[8] when temperatures fell below −20 °C (−4 °F).[9] Free public transport was provided in Warsaw, Kraków and Kielce because of the smog caused by the cold weather.[10] Wrocław was also affected by smog with air quality in the area dropping to critical levels. Seven cold-related deaths were reported in Italy as of 9 January, mainly of homeless people,[10] and parts of the country experienced exceptional falls of snow, high winds and freezing temperatures. Several airports were closed, including those in Sicily, Bari and Brindisi.[10] Ice formed on the Adriatic Sea,[5] and schools in the south of the country were closed.[9][11] On 10 January, shipping was halted along a 900 km (560 mi) stretch of the Danube in Romania, Croatia and Serbia, because of the icy conditions.[12]

The frozen Danube in Budapest on 9 January

Eight deaths from the cold were reported in the Czech Republic, mainly of homeless people.[10] The bodies of three migrants were found near the border between Bulgaria and Turkey.[5][10] Médecins Sans Frontières raised concerns about the risk to migrants, especially around 2,000 people living in Belgrade.[10] The Bosphorus was closed to shipping after a snowstorm that also affected services in Istanbul, Turkey, where more than 650 flights were grounded.[5][9][10] Blizzards affected Bulgaria and also parts of Romania and Ukraine,[6] and shipping on the Danube was suspended.[5][10]

Heavy snow in Bucharest causes major disruption to the traffic (11 January).

Temperatures fell to −20 °C (−4 °F) in Greece, where the National Observatory of Athens referred to the weather phenomenon as Ariadne (after the goddess Ariadne).[13] Greek authorities decided in 2016 in Greece to name extreme weather phenomena starting from January 2017; Ariadne was the first weather phenomenon to receive a name.[14] The whole country was blanketed by unusually heavy snowfall, causing huge problems in transport. Snow even fell in Athens and Santorini. One migrant died of cold, and many migrants on islands in the Aegean Sea were moved into heated tents as the area was covered in snow.[10] The authorities opened three Athens Metro tube stations to homeless people to help protect them from the cold.[15] Road and public transport in the country were also disrupted. On 10 January, it was announced that in Thessaloniki in the province of Macedonia only 130 buses out of 480–500 operated by Thessaloniki Urban Transport Organisation were in operational condition.[16] The islands of Euboea, Skopelos and Alonnisos declared a state of emergency after serious power failures and collapse of traffic due to snowfall.[17] Mytilene on the island of Lesbos recorded a low of −5.7 °C (21.7 °F) on 7 January,[18] a temperature expected to occur on average once in 300 years in current climatic conditions.[19] January 2017 overall mean monthly temperature was 4.7 °C (8.5 °F) below average in Mytilene and Bucharest, and many weather stations reported monthly means more than 3 °C (5.4 °F) below average.[20]

Deaths were also reported in Russia and Ukraine. Temperatures in some parts of European Russia fell to below −40 °C (−40 °F), setting records across the region.[10] About 100,000 residents of settlements in Moscow Oblast such as Lyubertsy, Lytkarino, Dzerzhinsky and Kotelniki lost electricity due to extremely harsh temperatures.[21] On 11 January, the cold wave reached Albania, with temperatures reaching −22 °C (−8 °F) and supplies being flown in by army helicopters, mainly in the city of Gjirokastër and the nation's capital Tirana.[22]

On 16 January, it was reported that the electricity prices in Europe were at their highest since 2008 as a result of power outages and increased demand. Romanian Energy Minister, Toma Petcu, suggested that, if coal consumption remained high, reserves held by the country's two major producers would only last for four days.[23]

Temperature records

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Moscow, 8 January 2017, 00:14, −27 °C (−17 °F)

7 January was reported to be the coldest Orthodox Christmas in Moscow in 120 years,[10] at −29.9 °C (−21.8 °F). The lowest temperature in western Europe was recorded in the Swiss village of La Brévine, also at −29.9 °C (−21.8 °F) on 6 January.[24] On 8 January a low temperature record for this day in Hungary was set in Tésa, at −28.1 °C (−18.6 °F).[25] On the same day a record low temperature was measured in Tver Oblast, Russia, at −35.7 °C (−32.3 °F), which surpassed the previous 1987 record for that day.[26] Kirov plummeted to −38.3 °C (−36.9 °F) on 8 January too.[27]

Minimum Temperatures measured during the cold wave

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  • Rome: -2°C (7th Jan, 0750 hrs) [28]
  • Florence: -7°C (9th Jan, 0750 hrs) [29]
  • Naples: -5°C (8th Jan, 0550 hrs) [30]
  • Milan: -6°C (7th Jan, 0720 hrs) [31]
  • Athens: -1°C (9th Jan, 0500 hrs) [32]
  • Zurich: -12°C (7th Jan, 0400 hrs) [33]
  • Bern: -17°C (6th Jan, 0820 hrs) [34]
  • Dresden: -12°C (6th Jan, 0450 hrs) [35]
  • Moscow: -30°C (7th Jan, 0900 hrs) [36]
  • Vienna: -14°C (7th Jan, 0450 hrs) [37]
  • Budapest: -22°C (8th Jan, 0400 hrs) [38]
  • Ljubljana: -13°C (11th Jan, 0600 hrs) [39]
  • Prague: -16°C (7th Jan, 0400 hrs) [40]
  • Bratislava: -14°C (11th Jan, 0130 hrs) [41]
  • Belgrade: -15°C (8th Jan, 0700 hrs) [42]
  • Sarajevo: -26°C (8th Jan, 0630 hrs) [43]
  • Riga: -21°C (7th Jan, 0220 hrs) [44]
  • Warsaw: -20°C (7th Jan, 0800 hrs) [45]
  • Minsk: -26°C (7th Jan, 0800 hrs) [46]
  • Kyiv: -19°C (7th Jan, 0800 hrs) [47]
  • Bitola: -23°C (8th Jan, 0700 hrs) [48]
  • Sofia: -16°C (11th Jan, 0800 hrs) [49]
  • Malovište: -23°C (8th Jan, 0700 hrs) [50]
  • Pristina: -22°C (8th Jan, 0700 hrs) [51]
  • Vilnius: -23°C (7th Jan, 0550 hrs) [52]
  • Mitrovica: -22°C (8th Jan, 0700 hrs)[53]

Deaths

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At least 61 people died in relation to the cold, many of them migrants or homeless. Approximately one-third of the deaths were in Poland; others took place in Albania, Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Italy, Greece, and North Macedonia.[54][24]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ a b "Arctic outbreak evolution and snowfall forecast, Jan 5-7, 2017". Severe Weather Europe. 5 January 2017.
  2. ^ "Потепление приближается" [The warming is coming] (in Russian). Retrieved 11 January 2017.
  3. ^ "Cold blast in Europe blamed for 73 deaths". Archived from the original on 2 February 2017. Retrieved 25 January 2017.
  4. ^ Alison Mutler (11 January 2017). "Lowest temperatures in decades in parts of eastern Europe". NewsOK. Archived from the original on 12 September 2019. Retrieved 21 March 2017.
  5. ^ a b c d e Kevin Rawlinson (9 January 2017). "Freezing conditions cause death and chaos across Europe". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 9 January 2017.
  6. ^ a b Everton Fox (7 January 2017). "Winter digs in across Central and Eastern Europe". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 9 January 2017.
  7. ^ "Review of arctic outbreak with extreme cold, severe Bora winds and lots of snow across Balkan peninsula and S-CNTRL Italy, Jan 5-8, 2017". Severe Weather Europe. 8 January 2017. Retrieved 10 January 2017.
  8. ^ "Mróz w Polsce wciąż zabija. Od listopada zmarło już 61 osób". TVN24 (in Polish). ITI Polska. Archived from the original on 16 January 2017. Retrieved 10 January 2017.
  9. ^ a b c "Snowstorms hold mainland Europe in an icy grip as scores succumb to bitterly cold weather". The Daily Telegraph. London. 9 January 2017. Retrieved 9 January 2017.
  10. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k "Europe cold weather death toll rises". BBC News. 9 January 2017. Retrieved 9 January 2017.
  11. ^ "Cold wave kills at least 20 across Europe". Forbeautifullife.com. 9 January 2017. Archived from the original on 11 January 2017.
  12. ^ Associated Press, "Deep Freeze Gripping Europe Causes 61 Deaths, Halts Shipping", 11 January 2017, weather.com. Retrieved 25 January 2017
  13. ^ "Low 'Ariadne' moves Siberia to Greece. Temperature down to -20C". Keep Talking Greece. 5 January 2017. Archived from the original on 8 January 2017. Retrieved 10 January 2017.
  14. ^ "Μετεωρολόγοι εξηγούν γιατί ονόμασαν το κύμα κακοκαιρίας "Αριάδνη"" [Meteorologists explain why named the wave of bad weather 'Ariadne'] (in Greek). altsantiri.gr. 9 January 2017. Archived from the original on 12 January 2017. Retrieved 10 January 2017.
  15. ^ "Athens: Three metro stations open all night for the Homeless Jan 6-9/2017". Keep Talking Greece. 5 January 2017. Archived from the original on 7 January 2017. Retrieved 10 January 2017.
  16. ^ "Θεσσαλονίκη: Αύριο θα κυκλοφορήσουν μόνο τα 130 από τα 480 λεωφορεία" [Thessaloniki: Tomorrow they will release only 130 of the 480 buses] (in Greek). altsantiri.gr. 10 January 2017. Archived from the original on 13 January 2017. Retrieved 10 January 2017.
  17. ^ Carassava, Anthee (9 January 2017). "Greek islands declare state of emergency after heavy snow". The Times. London. Retrieved 12 January 2017.
  18. ^ Anagnostopoulou et al 2017, pp. 4–5.
  19. ^ Anagnostopoulou et al 2017, p. 7.
  20. ^ Anagnostopoulou et al 2017, p. 3.
  21. ^ "Электричество начали подавать в дома, которые остались без света в Люберцах" [Power returned to houses in blacked out areas in Lyubertsy] (in Russian). Lubertsyriamo.ru. Archived from the original on 13 January 2017. Retrieved 10 January 2017.
  22. ^ "Gjirokastra nën petkun e dëborës - Foto Lajm - Top Channel" (in Albanian). Retrieved 11 January 2017.
  23. ^ Weixin Zha, "Europe Power Prices Jump as Cold Snap Grips Paris to Berlin", Bloomberg.com, 16 January 2017. Retrieved 25 January 2017
  24. ^ a b "Freezing temperatures cause multiple deaths and travel chaos across Europe". The Independent. 7 January 2017. Retrieved 10 January 2017.
  25. ^ "Hungary Freezes in Coldest Days of Winter So Far As Temperature Sinks To Record Low". Hungary Today. 9 January 2017. Retrieved 10 January 2017.
  26. ^ "В Тверской области установлен температурный рекорд" [New temperature record was set in Tver Oblast.] (in Russian). Tver.glavny.tv. Retrieved 10 January 2017.
  27. ^ "Погода в Кирове - климатический монитор за январь 2017 года".
  28. ^ "Weather in January 2017 in Rome, Italy". www.timeanddate.com. Retrieved 10 January 2023.
  29. ^ "Weather in January 2017 in Firenze, Italy". www.timeanddate.com. Retrieved 10 January 2023.
  30. ^ "Weather in January 2017 in Naples, Italy". www.timeanddate.com. Retrieved 10 January 2023.
  31. ^ "Weather in January 2017 in Milan, Italy". www.timeanddate.com. Retrieved 10 January 2023.
  32. ^ "Weather in January 2017 in Athens, Greece". www.timeanddate.com. Retrieved 10 January 2023.
  33. ^ "Weather in January 2017 in Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland". www.timeanddate.com. Retrieved 10 January 2023.
  34. ^ "Weather in January 2017 in Bern, Bern, Switzerland". www.timeanddate.com. Retrieved 10 January 2023.
  35. ^ "Weather in January 2017 in Dresden, Saxony, Germany". www.timeanddate.com. Retrieved 10 January 2023.
  36. ^ "Weather in January 2017 in Moscow, Russia". www.timeanddate.com. Retrieved 10 January 2023.
  37. ^ "Weather in January 2017 in Vienna, Vienna, Austria". www.timeanddate.com. Retrieved 10 January 2023.
  38. ^ "Weather in January 2017 in Budapest, Hungary". www.timeanddate.com. Retrieved 10 January 2023.
  39. ^ "Weather in January 2017 in Ljubljana, Slovenia". www.timeanddate.com. Retrieved 10 January 2023.
  40. ^ "Weather in January 2017 in Prague, Czechia". www.timeanddate.com. Retrieved 10 January 2023.
  41. ^ "Weather in January 2017 in Bratislava, Slovakia". www.timeanddate.com. Retrieved 10 January 2023.
  42. ^ "Weather in January 2017 in Belgrade, Serbia". www.timeanddate.com. Retrieved 10 January 2023.
  43. ^ "Weather in January 2017 in Sarajevo, Bosnia-Herzegovina". www.timeanddate.com. Retrieved 10 January 2023.
  44. ^ "Weather in January 2017 in Riga, Latvia". www.timeanddate.com. Retrieved 10 January 2023.
  45. ^ "Weather in January 2017 in Warsaw, Poland". www.timeanddate.com. Retrieved 10 January 2023.
  46. ^ "Weather in January 2017 in Minsk, Belarus". www.timeanddate.com. Retrieved 10 January 2023.
  47. ^ "Weather in January 2017 in Kyiv, Ukraine". www.timeanddate.com. Retrieved 10 January 2023.
  48. ^ "Weather in January 2017 in Bitola, North Macedonia". www.timeanddate.com. Retrieved 10 January 2023.
  49. ^ "Weather in January 2017 in Sofia, Bulgaria". www.timeanddate.com. Retrieved 10 January 2023.
  50. ^ "Weather in January 2017 in Malovište, North Macedonia". www.timeanddate.com. Retrieved 10 January 2023.
  51. ^ "Weather in January 2017 in Pristina, Kosovo". www.timeanddate.com. Retrieved 10 January 2023.
  52. ^ "Weather in January 2017 in Vilnius, Lithuania". www.timeanddate.com. Retrieved 10 January 2023.
  53. ^ "Weather in January 2017 in Komuna e Mitrovicës, Kosovo". www.timeanddate.com. Retrieved 10 January 2023.
  54. ^ "Dozens killed by Europe's coldest weather in years". USA Today. 10 January 2017. Retrieved 18 January 2017.

Sources

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