Alexei Abrikosov (physicist)

For his father, physician, see Alexei Ivanovich Abrikosov.

Alexei A. Abrikosov
Born	(1928-06-25) June 25, 1928 Moscow, Russian SFSR, USSR
Nationality	Russian
Alma mater	Moscow State University USSR Academy of Sciences
Known for	Condensed matter physics
Awards	Nobel Prize in Physics (2003)
Scientific career
Fields	Physics
Institutions	Landau Institute Moscow State University Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology Argonne National Laboratory
Notes
He is the son of the physician Alexei Ivanovich Abrikosov.

Alexei Alexeyevich Abrikosov (Template:Lang-ru) (born June 25, 1928) is a Soviet and Russian theoretical physicist whose main contributions are in the field of condensed matter physics. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 2003.

Biography

Abrikosov was born in Moscow, Russian SFSR, USSR, on June 25, 1928, to a couple of physicians: Prof. Alexei Ivanovich Abrikosov and Dr. Fani Abrikosova, née Wulf. He graduated from Moscow State University in 1948. From 1948 to 1965, he worked at the Institute for Physical Problems of the USSR Academy of Sciences, where he received his Ph.D. in 1951 for the theory of thermal diffusion in plasmas, and then his Doctor of Physical and Mathematical Sciences degree in 1955 for a thesis on quantum electrodynamics at high energies. From 1965 to 1988, he worked at the Landau Institute for Theoretical Physics (USSR Academy of Sciences). He has been a professor at Moscow State University since 1965, and served as a full member of the USSR Academy of Sciences from 1987 to 1991. In 1991, he became a full member of the Russian Academy of Sciences.

In 1952, Abrikosov discovered the way in which magnetic flux can penetrate a superconductor. The phenomenon is known as type-II superconductivity, and the accompanying arrangement of magnetic flux lines is called the Abrikosov vortex lattice.

Since 1991, he has been working in the Materials Science Division at Argonne National Laboratory in Illinois on a contract basis. Abrikosov is an Argonne Distinguished Scientist at the Condensed Matter Theory Group in Argonne’s Materials Science Division. His recent research at Argonne National Laboratory has focused on the origins of magnetoresistance, a property of some materials that change their resistance to electrical flow under the influence of a magnetic field.

Honours and awards

Abrikosov was awarded the Lenin Prize in 1966, the Fritz London Memorial Prize in 1972, and the USSR State Prize in 1982. In 1989 he received the Landau Prize from the Academy of Sciences, Russia. Two years later, in 1991, Abrikosov was awarded the Sony Corporation’s John Bardeen Award. The same year he was elected a Foreign Honorary Member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. He is also a member of the Royal Academy of London, a fellow of the American Physical Society, and in 2000 was elected to the prestigious National Academy of Sciences. He was the co-recipient of the 2003 Nobel Prize in Physics, with Vitaly Ginzburg and Anthony James Leggett, for theories about how matter can behave at extremely low temperatures.

Other awards include:

• Member of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR (now Russian Academy of Sciences), 1964
• Lenin Prize, 1966
• Honorary Doctor of the University of Lausanne, 1975
• Order of the Badge of Honour, 1975
• Order of the Red Banner of Labour, 1988
• USSR State Prize, 1982
• Academician of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR (now Russian Academy of Sciences) 1987
• Landau Prize, 1989
• John Bardeen Award, 1991
• Foreign Honorary Member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, 1991
• Member of the National Academy of Sciences, USA, 2000
• Foreign Member of the Royal Society of London, 2001
• Nobel Prize in Physics, 2003

References

• Abrikosov, A. A. “Theory of an Unusual Metal-Insulator Transition in Layered High-Tc Cuprates”, Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, United States Department of Energy,(August 28, 2003).
• Abrikosov, A. A. “Theory of High-{Tc} Superconducting Cuprates Based on Experimental Evidence”, Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, United States Department of Energy,(Dec. 10, 1999).
• Abrikosov, A. A. “New Developments in the Theory of HTSC (High Temperature Superconductors)”, Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, United States Department of Energy, Office of Energy Research,(Sept. 1994).
• Abrikosov, A. A. "On the magnetic properties of superconductors of the second group", Soviet Physics JETP 5, 1174 (1957), page scans of the original article.
• “Argonne Scientist Wins 2003 Nobel Prize for Physics” McGregor, S., Oct. 7, 2003, press release.

External links

• Biography and Bibliographic Resources, from the Office of Scientific and Technical Information, United States Department of Energy
• A Short Biography, on the website of the Material Science Division of Argonne National Laboratory