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2024 United Kingdom riots

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For the unrelated riot earlier in July, see 2024 Harehills riot.

2024 United Kingdom riots
Southport Mosque, location of the first riot.
Date30 July 2024–present
(3 months, 3 weeks and 1 day)
Location
Various locations[a]
Caused by
Methods
Parties

Far-right protesters:[b]

Counter-protests

Casualties
Injuries59+ police officers, 3 police dogs[d]
Arrested
  • London: 100+[7]
  • Elsewhere: 40[e]

In July and August 2024, far-right protesters[b] rioted in various parts of the United Kingdom[a] in response to a mass stabbing in Southport, Merseyside on 29 July 2024.

The riots began on 30 July when a crowd, some of whom police believed to be supporters of the English Defence League, gathered outside Southport Mosque. The protesters wrongly believed the suspect in the mass stabbing was a Muslim immigrant, due to the spread of misinformation on social media platforms. They attacked police officers, threw objects at the mosque, and set a police vehicle on fire. The riot left over fifty officers injured, some seriously, three police dogs wounded, and multiple arrests were made. The unrest spread to other part of England in the following days. On 31 July, over 100 protesters were arrested in London and demonstrations occurred in Manchester, Hartlepool and Aldershot. On 2 August, rioting took place in Sunderland. A police station was set on fire, three police officers were injured, and several people arrested. On 3 August, far-right protesters again clashed with police in various locations, as well as with anti-racist counter-protests.

The riots have been described as being Islamophobic,[11][12][13] racially charged,[14][15][16] anti-immigration,[17][18][16] and far-right.[b] The fascist National Front party and neo-Nazi group British Movement spread misinformation online,[26][27] and members of the neo-Nazi group Patriotic Alternative took part in and helped organise the Southport riots.[28][2]

Background

Southport stabbing

Main article: 2024 Southport stabbing

On 29 July 2024, a knife attack took place at a children's yoga and dance workshop. Three children were killed, and eight other children were injured, with five of them in critical condition. Two adults at the event were also critically injured.[29]

False claims

Following the stabbing, there was incorrect speculation online about the suspected attacker.[30] Misinformation, including false claims about the suspect's identity, nationality, religion and immigration status, were circulated on social media by high-profile far-right accounts.[31] The false claim that the perpetrator was named "Ali Al-Shakati" is believed to have originated from the X account of an anti-lockdown campaigner and gained a greater audience when repeated by the website Channel 3 Now. Andrew Tate also posted on X that the attacker was an "illegal immigrant", and ex-boxer Anthony Fowler shared that it was a "fellow from Syria".[32][33] A newly created "Southport-themed" Telegram group became inundated with misinformation, including from the far-right National Front, prior to dissemination on social media platforms,[26] as well as disinformation spread on social media by the neo-Nazi group British Movement.[27]

Merseyside Police attempted to quell speculation by confirming that the name being circulated was not connected to the case and was not the suspect,[34] and it was later reported that the suspect was born in Wales to Rwandan parents and moved to the Southport area in 2013.[35][36] The spread of misinformation has widely been attributed to the cause of the riots.[37][38][39][40]

Professor of political communication, Andrew Chadwick, described a viral tweet as being "deliberately fabricated to generate hostility toward ethnic minorities and immigrants, and it's a potentially Islamophobic piece of propaganda".[41] Matthew Feldman, an expert on right-wing extremism, commented "It is difficult to think of a much better example of online harms breaching the real world than a fake story demonising Muslims and people of colour and leading to riots on the streets".[42] Former security minister, Stephen McPartland, accused Russia and Vladimir Putin's regime of involvement in the campaign of misinformation, describing it as "part of the Russian playbook".[43] Guardian columnist Owen Jones blamed X (formerly Twitter) as a "cesspit of disinformation and far-right talking points" for the spread of unverified claims.[44]

Timeline

30 July

At approximately 20:05 BST, hundreds of protesters gathered outside Southport Mosque chanting, "No surrender!" and "English till I die!"[45] Within several minutes, protesters clashed with police.[46] Protesters barricaded themselves and shouted "Tommy Robinson," a far-right activist who founded the English Defence League (EDL). Robinson had been arrested and then released two days prior.[47] By 20:37, protesters began throwing objects at the mosque and police, leaving one officer injured.[48] A police van was set alight[49] as police deployed smoke canisters.[50] Merseyside Police requested officers from Greater Manchester Police, Cheshire Constabulary, Lancashire Police, and North Wales Police.[51] Riot police cleared the area near the mosque by 21:14[52] and protesters began dispersing shortly after that as night fell.[53] By 23:14, the riot had ended.[49] A local convenience store was damaged.[54]

During the riot, The Guardian said that far-right activists had been promoting the protest that started in Southport,[45] prior to involvement in the riot.[19] Huff Post described far-right activists as having "hijacked" the vigil for the victims,[55] and Manchester Evening News reported "far right thugs, fuelled by lies, sought to exploit the tragedy".[56] Merseyside Police said on the night of the riot that they believed supporters of the English Defence League were involved in and organised the disturbances.[1][57][58] Hope Not Hate described them as supporters of Tommy Robinson.[59] Robinson denied the EDL were involved, while arguing that the anger in Southport was justified.[41] A prominent member of the neo-Nazi group Patriotic Alternative took part in the riot and another member helped to promote the event.[2][28]

The following day, the anti-fascist group Hope Not Hate warned of the possibility of further demonstrations by far-right groups in several cities across the country.[43] Concerns of further violence were echoed by Merseyside Police.[60]

31 July

In London, the Metropolitan Police established public order conditions for a protest dubbed "Enough is Enough",[43] the slogan of Patriotic Alternative,[26] where far-right demonstrators clashed with police on 31 July.[61][62] More than 100 people were arrested.[7]

On the evening of 31 July, a group of approximately 40 demonstrators[63] gathered outside a Holiday Inn in Manchester which was purportedly housing asylum seekers. Chants were heard of the group exclaiming "we want our country back", a phrase associated with far-right groups in the UK.[64] Two people were arrested.[7]

Demonstrations also broke out in the County Durham town of Hartlepool on the same evening. Objects including eggs and glass bottles were thrown at the police in response to the latter's riot shields.[65][66] Several police officers were injured and a police car was set alight. Eight people were arrested.[7]

There was also a protest outside a hotel housing migrants in Aldershot. Police and crime commissioner, Donna Jones, described "mob-type" behaviour, and Hampshire Constabulary reported a crowd of 200 people, with a minority throwing objects and subjecting people to racial abuse.[67]

The organiser of a march in Middlesbrough was arrested by Cleveland Police on suspicion of possessing a firearm with intent to cause fear of violence.[68]

2 August

On the evening of 2 August, protestors gathered in Sunderland's Keel Square for a march around the city centre. Mounted officers from Northumbria Police attended the demonstration along with officers in riot gear. Police and protestors clashed outside a mosque in St Mark's Road after some of the marchers attempted to approach the building. The protestors chanted "save our kids" and "we want our country back", as well as slogans in support of Tommy Robinson, and Islamophobic slurs.[69][70] An Uber taxi was burnt and shops looted. Sunderland Central police station was set alight, and trains to Sunderland were cancelled or diverted to St Peter's.[71][72] Eight people were subsequently arrested and three police officers hospitalised.[5]

A hundred protestors shouting anti-immigrant slogans gathered in Liverpool on the same evening.[73][74]

3 August

On 3 August, numerous far-right rallies and counter-protests occurred in England. In Leeds, approximately 150 protesters chanted slogans such as "paedo Muslims off our street" and "stop the boats", with counter-protesters chanting "Nazi scum off our streets". In Manchester, 150 protesters took part in the "Enough is Enough" protest. In Nottingham, clashes were reported between opposing groups of protesters, and in Stoke-on-Trent, there appeared to be a stand-off between groups of protesters. In Hull, protesters attacked a hotel housing asylum seekers, throwing bricks and smashing windows,[10] and in Liverpool, far-right protesters threw bricks at police.[6] Police in Bristol made multiple arrests and closed roads after protestors gathered in Castle Park.[75][76]

In Liverpool, shops were looted and a library was set on fire.[77]

A protest also took place in Belfast, where anti-immigration and anti-racism demonstrators were kept apart by police. A shop on the city's Botanic Avenue was damaged when protesters and counter-protesters smashed windows and damaged furniture. Fireworks were also thrown during the march.[78]

It was announced courts will open and work for 24 hours a day to preliminarily rule on suspects of committing crimes arrested by the police after an agreement between the government, the judiciary and the Crown Prosecution Service was reached. Such protocol was previously triggered during the 2011 England riots.[79]

Aftermath

The Merseyside Police Federation said that over fifty officers were injured at the Southport incident, with North West Ambulance Service reporting that twenty-seven were hospitalised and twelve were discharged at the scene.[80] Merseyside Police stated that eight officers were seriously injured and three police dogs were wounded.[81]

One man from Standish was arrested on suspicion of possessing a bladed article.[82] Police put in place a 24-hour Section 60 Order giving officers further stop-and-search authority, and a Section 34 Order, allowing police to direct people who are engaging in certain activities away from the area. Merseyside Police deployed additional officers after the riot, and ambulance resources remained.[80]

According to The Independent, the Home Secretary Yvette Cooper is "reviewing whether the far-right English Defence League [...] should be made a proscribed terrorist organisation", after its connection to the riots,[43] a suggestion echoed by Deputy Prime Minister Angela Rayner.[83] The Reform UK leader Nigel Farage was criticised for suggesting that the truth was being withheld, and subsequently accused of inciting violence and creating conspiracy theories by a former counter-terrorism police officer,[84] as well as condemned by the husband of the murdered MP Jo Cox, who accused Farage of "inciting a riot".[85] Farage was also accused of giving legitimacy to acts of violence by Steve Rotheram, the Mayor of Liverpool City Region, after releasing a video in which he said the protests were "nothing to what could happen over the course of the next few weeks".[86]

Responses

Prime Minister Keir Starmer wrote that those who had "hijacked the vigil for the victims" had "insulted the community as it grieves" and that rioters would feel the full force of the law.[87] On 1 August, and following a meeting with senior police officers, Starmer announced the establishment of a national violent disorder programme to facilitate greater cooperation between police forces when dealing with violent disorder.[88]

Home Secretary Yvette Cooper condemned the riot as appalling and requested a criminal investigation.[89] The MP for Southport, Patrick Hurley, said on BBC Radio 4's Today on 31 July, that the rioters were not local residents, but were "thugs who'd got the train in" and were "utterly disrespecting the families of the dead and injured children, and [...] the town".[90] The rioters had broken windows of Southport Mosque; Hurley told Today that people "were using the horrific incident on Monday, the deaths of three little kiddies, for their own political purposes".[91]

The Liverpool Region Mosque Network and the Muslim Association of Britain released statements condemning the riot.[92] Ahead of anticipated protests the following weekend, the Muslim Council of Britain recommended that mosques "review and strengthen their security protocols".[93][94]

On 2 August, and with a number of further protests expected to occur over subsequent days, Home Office minister David Hanson said that police were monitoring organisations, and would use face recognition technology to identify anyone involved in violence.[95] Jenny Sims, the Assistant Chief Constable of Merseyside Police, said the force was fully prepared for anyone intent on causing disorder.[96]

In response to the far-right rallies, counter-protests by anti-racists were organised under the banner of "Stop the far right: Don’t let the racists divide us", predominantly by Stand Up to Racism.[97]

Elsewhere

Church leaders in Northern Ireland condemned calls for anti-Islamic protests in the province on the weekend following the stabbing.[13] The Police Service of Northern Ireland have said that they are planning a proportionate response.[98]

See also

Notes

  1. ^ a b Southport, Hartlepool, London, Aldershot, Manchester, Sunderland, Liverpool, Leeds, Nottingham, Stoke-On-Trent, Hull, Bristol, and Belfast.
  2. ^ a b c The riots have been described by multiple sources as far right.[19][20][21][22][23][24][17][25]
  3. ^ Merseyside Police, Cleveland Police, Metropolitan Police, Hampshire and Isle of Wight Constabulary, Greater Manchester Police, Northumbria Police, and additional police forces providing support.
  4. ^ Southport: 53 police officers and 3 police dogs,[4] Sunderland: 3 police officers[5], Hull: 3 police officers, Liverpool: Multiple police officers.[6]
  5. ^ Southport: 7 charged with violent disorder and one minor arrested on suspicion of arson,[8][9] Hartlepool: 8, Manchester: 2,[7] Sunderland: 10, Aldershot: 2,[10] Hull: 4, Belfast: 2, Stoke: 4 [6]

References

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