Jump to content

LaserWriter and Figure skating at the 1998 Winter Olympics: Difference between pages

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Difference between pages)
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
No edit summary
 
430072 (talk | contribs)
486 edits
added "notes= " (pelease don't delete this line)
 
Line 1: Line 1:
The '''[[Figure skating]] [[1998 Winter Olympics]]''' [[results]]
[[Image:Apple Personal LaserWriter LS.jpg|thumb|right|Personal LaserWriter LS]]
The [[Apple Computer|Apple]] '''LaserWriter''' was one of the first [[laser printer]]s available to the mass market. The combination of the LaserWriter printer, publishing software [[Adobe PageMaker|Aldus PageMaker]], and the [[graphical user interface|GUI]]-based [[Apple Macintosh|Macintosh]], is generally considered to have sparked the [[desktop publishing]] (DTP) revolution.


==History==
When it was introduced in late [[1985]], the LaserWriter was the first laser printer for the Macintosh world. With a printer resolution of 300 [[dpi]] and printing speed of 8ppm, the LaserWriter may have seemed like just another ordinary printer. But at the heart of the Laserwriter's raster image processor lay the [[Adobe]] [[PostScript]] [[interpreter]], a feature that would ultimately transform the landscape of computer desktop publishing.


== Men ==
The original LaserWriter used a [[Canon Inc.|Canon]] Canon LBP-CX print engine [http://www.fixyourownprinter.com/reference/pcr/engine/1311], which was used by many printer manufacturers at the time. The print engine is responsible for feeding paper, image transfer, and fusing the image. Parts from early LaserWriter and HP LaserJet printers are sometimes interchangable, as they were often based on the same print engine.
{| class="wikitable"
|- bgcolor="#efefef"
| '''Medal'''
| '''Athlete'''
|-
| bgcolor="gold" | [[Gold medal|Gold]]
| {{flagicon|RUS}} [[Ilia Kulik]] (RUS)
|-
| bgcolor="silver" | [[Silver medal|Silver]]
| {{flagicon|CAN}} [[Elvis Stojko]] (CAN)
|-
| bgcolor="cc9966" | [[Bronze medal|Bronze]]
| {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Philippe Candeloro]] (FRA)
|}


{{Infobox SPFSC6.0
Unlike [[Hewlett-Packard|HP]]'s [[Printer Control Language|PCL]] and other early printer control languages, PostScript was a complete [[page description language]]. PostScript described fonts in outline form, an attribute allowing arbitrary size, rotation, and position. PostScript handled bitmap graphics and [[vector graphics]] equally well, allowing any mixture of fonts, bitmaps, and drawing primitives on a single page (limited by the PostScript interpreter's available RAM). While competing printers offered some of these capabilities, they were limited in their ability to reproduce free-form layouts (as a desktop publishing application might produce).
|title= [[Ilia Kulik]] ({{RUS}})
|final rank= 1st (Gold)
|coach= [[Tatiana Tarasova]]
|choreographer= ?
|show Music= Y
|music SP= ?
|music FS= ?
|music EX= ?
|show Runtime= Y
|runtime SP= ?
|runtime FS= 4 min. 40 sec.
|runtime EX= ?
|show Jumps Singles= Y
|jumps SP= ?
|jumps FS= 4 Toe loop, 3 Axel + 3 Toe loop, 3 Loop, 3 Axel, 3 Lutz, 3 Flip, 3 Salchow, 3 Toe loop
|jumps EX= ?
|show Judges= Y
|judge 1= GBR
|judge 2= UKR
|judge 3= CAN
|judge 4= ROM
|judge 5= JPN
|judge 6= RUS
|judge 7= AZE
|judge 8= USA
|judge 9= FRA
|show Required Elements or Technical Merit= Y
|required elements score 1= ?
|required elements score 2= ?
|required elements score 3= ?
|required elements score 4= ?
|required elements score 5= ?
|required elements score 6= ?
|required elements score 7= ?
|required elements score 8= ?
|required elements score 9= ?
|technical merit score 1= 5.7
|technical merit score 2= 5.9
|technical merit score 3= 5.8
|technical merit score 4= 5.9
|technical merit score 5= 5.9
|technical merit score 6= 5.8
|technical merit score 7= 5.8
|technical merit score 8= 5.8
|technical merit score 9= 5.8
|show Presentation= Y
|presentation score 1 SP= ?
|presentation score 2 SP= ?
|presentation score 3 SP= ?
|presentation score 4 SP= ?
|presentation score 5 SP= ?
|presentation score 6 SP= ?
|presentation score 7 SP= ?
|presentation score 8 SP= ?
|presentation score 9 SP= ?
|presentation score 1 FS= 5.9
|presentation score 2 FS= 5.9
|presentation score 3 FS= 5.8
|presentation score 4 FS= 5.8
|presentation score 5 FS= 5.9
|presentation score 6 FS= 5.9
|presentation score 7 FS= 5.9
|presentation score 8 FS= 5.9
|presentation score 9 FS= 5.9
|show Ordinal= Y
|ordinal 1 SP= ?
|ordinal 2 SP= ?
|ordinal 3 SP= ?
|ordinal 4 SP= ?
|ordinal 5 SP= ?
|ordinal 6 SP= ?
|ordinal 7 SP= ?
|ordinal 8 SP= ?
|ordinal 9 SP= ?
|ordinal 1 FS= 1
|ordinal 2 FS= 1
|ordinal 3 FS= 1
|ordinal 4 FS= 1
|ordinal 5 FS= 1
|ordinal 6 FS= 1
|ordinal 7 FS= 1
|ordinal 8 FS= 1
|ordinal 9 FS= 1
|rank SP= ?
|rank FS= 1st
|notes=
}}


== Women ==
The use of PostScript did not come cheap. At an introductory price of [[United States dollar|US$]]6,995, the LaserWriter was more expensive than PC laser printers of comparable print speed and quality. The LaserWriter's high cost was largely due to the extra processing power needed to run the PostScript interpreter. As it was a complete [[programming language]], PostScript came saddled with the overhead of a complex software rasterizer program (running inside the printer). Powering the LaserWriter was a [[Motorola 68000]] [[central processing unit|CPU]] running at 12 [[Megahertz|MHz]], 512KB of workspace [[RAM]], and a 1 MB framebuffer. At introduction, the LaserWriter had the most processing power in Apple's product line — more than an 8MHz Macintosh.


{| class="wikitable"
Since the price of a single LaserWriter cost many times that of a dot-matrix impact printer, some means to share the printer with several Macs was desired. [[Local area network|LANs]] were not yet widespread, being both complex and expensive, so Apple developed its own networking scheme, [[LocalTalk]]. Based on the [[AppleTalk]] [[protocol stack]], LocalTalk connected the LaserWriter to the Mac over an [[RS-422]] serial port. At 250 [[kilobit|kbit]]/[[second|s]], LocalTalk was slower than the Centronics PC parallel interface, but offered the advantage of sharing a single LaserWriter over multiple Macs.
|- bgcolor="#efefef"
| '''Medal'''
| '''Athlete'''
|-
| bgcolor="gold" | [[Gold medal|Gold]]
| {{flagicon|USA}} [[Tara Lipinski]] (USA)
|-
| bgcolor="silver" | [[Silver medal|Silver]]
| {{flagicon|USA}} [[Michelle Kwan]] (USA)
|-
| bgcolor="cc9966" | [[Bronze medal|Bronze]]
| {{flagicon|CHN}} [[Lu Chen]] (CHN)
|}


The competitors for the gold medal were Americans [[Tara Lipinski]] and [[Michelle Kwan]]. Kwan and Lipinski were in first and second places after the short program, respectively. In the free skate, both Lipinski and Kwan skated excellent programs. 6 judges placed Lipinski ahead of Kwan; three placed Kwan ahead of Lipinski. So Lipinski won the gold medal, and Kwan took the silver. (See the two tables below).
The built-in ability to function in workgroups greatly enhanced the LaserWriter's value proposition. Connectivity, versatility, and [[WYSIWYG]] laser quality formed a winning combination in the LaserWriter. Apple's gamble with PostScript paid off handsomely. PostScript enabled the LaserWriter to print complex pages containing high-resolution [[Raster graphics|bitmap graphics]], [[outline font]]s, and vector illustrations. Compared to the HP [[Laserjet]] and other PCL printers, the LaserWriter could print more complex layouts. Paired with the program Aldus PageMaker, the LaserWriter gave the layout editor an exact replica of the printed page. For high-volume publications, the LaserWriter offered the perfect proofing tool. For the low-volume desktop publisher, the LaserWriter could stand in as the master copy. The Mac platform quickly gained the favor of emerging desktop-publishing industry, both low and high, a niche area the Mac dominates to this day.


The competitors for the bronze medal were [[Lu Chen]] from China, [[Maria Butyrskaya]] and [[Irina Slutskaya]] from Russia. In the free skate, they all skated well, but had mistakes. The final placements were very close and far from unanimous. The 3rd-5th place votes were split unevenly between Chen, Butyrskaya, and Slutskaya. Chen beat Butyrskaya by the tally of 5 judges to 4 and beat Slutskaya 6 judges to 3. Finally Chen won her second straight bronze medal in the Olympic Games.
Millions of LaserWriter units were eventually sold, and it is often credited as having saved the Macintosh platform and the Apple company. Building on the success of the original LaserWriter, Apple developed many successive models. Later LaserWriters offered faster printing, higher [[dots per inch|resolution]]s, [[Ethernet]] connectivity, and eventually, color output. To compete, many other laser printer manufacturers licensed Adobe PostScript for inclusion into their own models.


Interestingly, Tara Lipinski (Gold), Michelle Kwan (Silver) and Lu Chen (Bronze) were the [[World Figure Skating Championships|World Champions]] in 1997, 1996 and 1995, respectively.
Eventually, the standardization on Ethernet and PostScript as a means for connecting to and controlling laser printers rendered Apple's printers superfluous. The Mac platform functioned equally well with any non-Apple Postscript printer. After the [[LaserWriter 8500]], Apple discontinued the Laserwriter product line.
{{Infobox SPFSC6.0
|title= [[Tara Lipinski]] ({{USA}})
|final rank= 1st (Gold)
|coach= [[Richard Callaghan]]
|choreographer= [[Sandra Bezic]]
|show Music= Y
|music SP= Anastasia
|music FS= Rainbow/Scenes of Summer
|music EX= ?
|show Runtime= Y
|runtime SP= 2 min. 41 sec.
|runtime FS= 4 min. 11 sec.
|runtime EX= ?
|show Jumps Singles= Y
|jumps SP= Triple [[Lutz jump|Lutz]] + Double [[Loop jump|Loop]], Triple [[Flip jump|Flip]], Double [[Axel jump|Axel]]
|jumps FS= Double Axel, Triple Flip, Triple Lutz + Double [[Toe loop jump|Toeloop]], Triple Loop + Triple Loop, Triple Lutz, Triple Toeloop + Half Loop + Triple [[Salchow jump|Salchow]] + SEQ
|jumps EX= ?
|show Judges= Y
|judge 1= AUS
|judge 2= HUN
|judge 3= AUT
|judge 4= GER
|judge 5= USA
|judge 6= RUS
|judge 7= UKR
|judge 8= POL
|judge 9= FRA
|show Required Elements or Technical Merit= Y
|required elements score 1= 5.8
|required elements score 2= 5.6
|required elements score 3= 5.6
|required elements score 4= 5.6
|required elements score 5= 5.8
|required elements score 6= 5.8
|required elements score 7= 5.7
|required elements score 8= 5.6
|required elements score 9= 5.7
|technical merit score 1= 5.9
|technical merit score 2= 5.9
|technical merit score 3= 5.9
|technical merit score 4= 5.8
|technical merit score 5= 5.8
|technical merit score 6= 5.9
|technical merit score 7= 5.9
|technical merit score 8= 5.8
|technical merit score 9= 5.9
|show Presentation= Y
|presentation score 1 SP= 5.8
|presentation score 2 SP= 5.6
|presentation score 3 SP= 5.7
|presentation score 4 SP= 5.8
|presentation score 5 SP= 5.7
|presentation score 6 SP= 5.8
|presentation score 7 SP= 5.8
|presentation score 8 SP= 5.8
|presentation score 9 SP= 5.9
|presentation score 1 FS= 5.8
|presentation score 2 FS= 5.8
|presentation score 3 FS= 5.9
|presentation score 4 FS= 5.8
|presentation score 5 FS= 5.8
|presentation score 6 FS= 5.9
|presentation score 7 FS= 5.9
|presentation score 8 FS= 5.8
|presentation score 9 FS= 5.9
|show Ordinal= Y
|ordinal 1 SP= ?
|ordinal 2 SP= ?
|ordinal 3 SP= ?
|ordinal 4 SP= ?
|ordinal 5 SP= ?
|ordinal 6 SP= ?
|ordinal 7 SP= ?
|ordinal 8 SP= ?
|ordinal 9 SP= ?
|ordinal 1 FS= 1
|ordinal 2 FS= 1
|ordinal 3 FS= 1
|ordinal 4 FS= 2
|ordinal 5 FS= 2
|ordinal 6 FS= 1
|ordinal 7 FS= 1
|ordinal 8 FS= 2
|ordinal 9 FS= 1
|rank SP= 2nd
|rank FS= 1st
|notes=
}}


{{Infobox SPFSC6.0
==External links==
|title= [[Michelle Kwan]] ({{USA}})
*[http://www.fixyourownprinter.com/reference/pcr fixyourownprinter.com has a search engine to match print engines to printer models]
|final rank= 2nd (Silver)
|coach= [[Frank Carroll]]
|choreographer= Lori Nicol
|show Music= Y
|music SP= [[Sergei Rachmaninoff|Rachmaninoff]] [[Piano Concerto No. 3 (Rachmaninoff)|Piano Concerto No. 3]]
|music FS= [[Lyra Angelica]]
|music EX= ?
|show Runtime= Y
|runtime SP= 2 min. 41 sec.
|runtime FS= 4 min. 09 sec.
|runtime EX= ?
|show Jumps Singles= Y
|jumps SP= Triple Lutz + Double Toeloop, Double Axel, Triple Toeloop
|jumps FS= Triple Lutz + Double Toeloop, Triple Loop, Double Toeloop, Triple Flip, Double Axel, Triple Loop, Triple Salchow, Triple Lutz, Triple Toeloop
|jumps EX= ?
|show Judges= Y
|judge 1= AUS
|judge 2= HUN
|judge 3= AUT
|judge 4= GER
|judge 5= USA
|judge 6= RUS
|judge 7= UKR
|judge 8= POL
|judge 9= FRA
|show Required Elements or Technical Merit= Y
|required elements score 1= ?
|required elements score 2= ?
|required elements score 3= ?
|required elements score 4= ?
|required elements score 5= ?
|required elements score 6= ?
|required elements score 7= ?
|required elements score 8= ?
|required elements score 9= ?
|technical merit score 1= 5.7
|technical merit score 2= 5.7
|technical merit score 3= 5.8
|technical merit score 4= 5.7
|technical merit score 5= 5.8
|technical merit score 6= 5.8
|technical merit score 7= 5.7
|technical merit score 8= 5.7
|technical merit score 9= 5.8
|show Presentation= Y
|presentation score 1 SP= ?
|presentation score 2 SP= ?
|presentation score 3 SP= ?
|presentation score 4 SP= ?
|presentation score 5 SP= ?
|presentation score 6 SP= ?
|presentation score 7 SP= ?
|presentation score 8 SP= ?
|presentation score 9 SP= ?
|presentation score 1 FS= 5.9
|presentation score 2 FS= 5.9
|presentation score 3 FS= 5.9
|presentation score 4 FS= 5.9
|presentation score 5 FS= 5.9
|presentation score 6 FS= 5.9
|presentation score 7 FS= 5.9
|presentation score 8 FS= 5.9
|presentation score 9 FS= 5.9
|show Ordinal= Y
|ordinal 1 SP= ?
|ordinal 2 SP= ?
|ordinal 3 SP= ?
|ordinal 4 SP= ?
|ordinal 5 SP= ?
|ordinal 6 SP= ?
|ordinal 7 SP= ?
|ordinal 8 SP= ?
|ordinal 9 SP= ?
|ordinal 1 FS= 2
|ordinal 2 FS= 2
|ordinal 3 FS= 2
|ordinal 4 FS= 1
|ordinal 5 FS= 1
|ordinal 6 FS= 2
|ordinal 7 FS= 2
|ordinal 8 FS= 1
|ordinal 9 FS= 2
|rank SP= 1st
|rank FS= 2nd
|notes=
}}


{{Infobox SPFSC6.0
==Trivia==
|title= [[Lu Chen]] ({{CHN}})
The LaserWriter has an interactive PostScript [[interpreter (computing)|interpreter]]: one can actually connect a [[serial communications|serial]] terminal to the printer and, by typing "executive", communicate with the printer's computer. The printer will also display diagnostic error messages on this link. (RS-232, 19200 [[baud]], 8 [[bits]], no [[parity bit]], 1 [[stop bit]].)
|final rank= 3rd (Bronze)
|coach= Hongyun Liu
|choreographer= [[Sandra Bezic]]
|show Music= Y
|music SP= [[Adios Nonino]]
|music FS= [[Butterfly Lovers]]
|music EX= [[Butterfly (Mariah Carey song)|Butterfly]]
|show Runtime= Y
|runtime SP= 2 min. 35 sec.
|runtime FS= 4 min. 08 sec.
|runtime EX= 3 min. 35 sec.
|show Jumps Singles= Y
|jumps SP= Triple Lutz + Double Toeloop, Triple Toeloop, Double Axel
|jumps FS= Triple Lutz + Double Toeloop, Triple Flip, Double Axel, Triple Lutz, Triple Loop, Triple Salchow, Triple Toeloop + Triple Toeloop
|jumps EX= Triple Toeloop, Double Loop, Double Axel
|show Judges= Y
|judge 1= AUS
|judge 2= HUN
|judge 3= AUT
|judge 4= GER
|judge 5= USA
|judge 6= RUS
|judge 7= UKR
|judge 8= POL
|judge 9= FRA
|show Required Elements or Technical Merit= Y
|required elements score 1= 4.9
|required elements score 2= 5.1
|required elements score 3= 5.2
|required elements score 4= 5.2
|required elements score 5= 5.6
|required elements score 6= 5.5
|required elements score 7= 5.4
|required elements score 8= 5.3
|required elements score 9= 5.4
|technical merit score 1= 5.5
|technical merit score 2= 5.5
|technical merit score 3= 5.6
|technical merit score 4= 5.5
|technical merit score 5= 5.5
|technical merit score 6= 5.5
|technical merit score 7= 5.7
|technical merit score 8= 5.5
|technical merit score 9= 5.5
|show Presentation= Y
|presentation score 1 SP= 5.3
|presentation score 2 SP= 5.3
|presentation score 3 SP= 5.6
|presentation score 4 SP= 5.6
|presentation score 5 SP= 5.7
|presentation score 6 SP= 5.7
|presentation score 7 SP= 5.7
|presentation score 8 SP= 5.5
|presentation score 9 SP= 5.6
|presentation score 1 FS= 5.8
|presentation score 2 FS= 5.8
|presentation score 3 FS= 5.8
|presentation score 4 FS= 5.8
|presentation score 5 FS= 5.8
|presentation score 6 FS= 5.8
|presentation score 7 FS= 5.8
|presentation score 8 FS= 5.7
|presentation score 9 FS= 5.8
|show Ordinal= Y
|ordinal 1 SP= ?
|ordinal 2 SP= ?
|ordinal 3 SP= ?
|ordinal 4 SP= ?
|ordinal 5 SP= ?
|ordinal 6 SP= ?
|ordinal 7 SP= ?
|ordinal 8 SP= ?
|ordinal 9 SP= ?
|ordinal 1 FS= 3
|ordinal 2 FS= 4
|ordinal 3 FS= 3
|ordinal 4 FS= 3
|ordinal 5 FS= 4
|ordinal 6 FS= 5
|ordinal 7 FS= 4
|ordinal 8 FS= 4
|ordinal 9 FS= 4
|rank SP= 4th
|rank FS= 3rd
|notes=
}}


{{Infobox SPFSC6.0
==Images==
|title= [[Maria Butyrskaya]] ({{RUS}})
|final rank= 4th
|coach= ?
|choreographer= ?
|show Music= Y
|music SP= ?
|music FS= ?
|music EX= ?
|show Runtime= Y
|runtime SP= ?
|runtime FS= 4 min. 07 sec.
|runtime EX= ?
|show Jumps Singles= Y
|jumps SP= ?
|jumps FS= Triple Lutz, Triple Flip, Triple Salchow, Triple Toeloop, Triple Loop, Double Toeloop, Double Axel, Double Toeloop
|jumps EX= ?
|show Judges= Y
|judge 1= AUS
|judge 2= HUN
|judge 3= AUT
|judge 4= GER
|judge 5= USA
|judge 6= RUS
|judge 7= UKR
|judge 8= POL
|judge 9= FRA
|show Required Elements or Technical Merit= Y
|required elements score 1= ?
|required elements score 2= ?
|required elements score 3= ?
|required elements score 4= ?
|required elements score 5= ?
|required elements score 6= ?
|required elements score 7= ?
|required elements score 8= ?
|required elements score 9= ?
|technical merit score 1= 5.5
|technical merit score 2= 5.4
|technical merit score 3= 5.5
|technical merit score 4= 5.6
|technical merit score 5= 5.5
|technical merit score 6= 5.6
|technical merit score 7= 5.8
|technical merit score 8= 5.6
|technical merit score 9= 5.7
|show Presentation= Y
|presentation score 1 SP= ?
|presentation score 2 SP= ?
|presentation score 3 SP= ?
|presentation score 4 SP= ?
|presentation score 5 SP= ?
|presentation score 6 SP= ?
|presentation score 7 SP= ?
|presentation score 8 SP= ?
|presentation score 9 SP= ?
|presentation score 1 FS= 5.5
|presentation score 2 FS= 5.7
|presentation score 3 FS= 5.8
|presentation score 4 FS= 5.7
|presentation score 5 FS= 5.6
|presentation score 6 FS= 5.8
|presentation score 7 FS= 5.8
|presentation score 8 FS= 5.8
|presentation score 9 FS= 5.8
|show Ordinal= Y
|ordinal 1 SP= ?
|ordinal 2 SP= ?
|ordinal 3 SP= ?
|ordinal 4 SP= ?
|ordinal 5 SP= ?
|ordinal 6 SP= ?
|ordinal 7 SP= ?
|ordinal 8 SP= ?
|ordinal 9 SP= ?
|ordinal 1 FS= 5
|ordinal 2 FS= 5
|ordinal 3 FS= 5
|ordinal 4 FS= 4
|ordinal 5 FS= 5
|ordinal 6 FS= 3
|ordinal 7 FS= 3
|ordinal 8 FS= 3
|ordinal 9 FS= 3
|rank SP= 3rd
|rank FS= 4th
|notes=
}}


{{Infobox SPFSC6.0
<gallery>
|title= [[Irina Slutskaya]] ({{RUS}})
Image:Apple Color LaserWriter 12-600 PS.jpg|Color LaserWriter 12-600 PS
|final rank= 5th
Image:Apple LaserWriter Pro 630.jpg|LaserWriter Pro 630
|coach= Zhanna Gromova
Image:Apple Laserwriter 16-600 PS.jpg|Laserwriter 16-600 PS
|choreographer= ?
Image:Apple Laserwriter II.jpg|Laserwriter II
|show Music= Y
Image:Apple Laserwriter Select 310.jpg|Laserwriter Select 310
|music SP= ?
Image:Apple Personal LaserWriter 300.jpg|Personal LaserWriter 300
|music FS= Ah Nastasia
Image:Apple Personal LaserWriter 320.jpg|Personal LaserWriter 320
|music EX= ?
Image:Apple Personal LaserWriter LS.jpg|Personal LaserWriter LS
|show Runtime= Y
</gallery>
|runtime SP= ?
|runtime FS= 4 min. 09 sec.
|runtime EX= ?
|show Jumps Singles= Y
|jumps SP= ?
|jumps FS= Triple Lutz + Double Toeloop, Triple Salchow + Double Loop, Triple Flip, Triple Toeloop + Triple Toeloop, Double Axel, Triple Loop
|jumps EX= ?
|show Judges= Y
|judge 1= AUS
|judge 2= HUN
|judge 3= AUT
|judge 4= GER
|judge 5= USA
|judge 6= RUS
|judge 7= UKR
|judge 8= POL
|judge 9= FRA
|show Required Elements or Technical Merit= Y
|required elements score 1= ?
|required elements score 2= ?
|required elements score 3= ?
|required elements score 4= ?
|required elements score 5= ?
|required elements score 6= ?
|required elements score 7= ?
|required elements score 8= ?
|required elements score 9= ?
|technical merit score 1= 5.6
|technical merit score 2= 5.7
|technical merit score 3= 5.7
|technical merit score 4= 5.7
|technical merit score 5= 5.7
|technical merit score 6= 5.7
|technical merit score 7= 5.6
|technical merit score 8= 5.6
|technical merit score 9= 5.6
|show Presentation= Y
|presentation score 1 SP= ?
|presentation score 2 SP= ?
|presentation score 3 SP= ?
|presentation score 4 SP= ?
|presentation score 5 SP= ?
|presentation score 6 SP= ?
|presentation score 7 SP= ?
|presentation score 8 SP= ?
|presentation score 9 SP= ?
|presentation score 1 FS= 5.6
|presentation score 2 FS= 5.7
|presentation score 3 FS= 5.7
|presentation score 4 FS= 5.6
|presentation score 5 FS= 5.7
|presentation score 6 FS= 5.7
|presentation score 7 FS= 5.8
|presentation score 8 FS= 5.6
|presentation score 9 FS= 5.6
|show Ordinal= Y
|ordinal 1 SP= ?
|ordinal 2 SP= ?
|ordinal 3 SP= ?
|ordinal 4 SP= ?
|ordinal 5 SP= ?
|ordinal 6 SP= ?
|ordinal 7 SP= ?
|ordinal 8 SP= ?
|ordinal 9 SP= ?
|ordinal 1 FS= 4
|ordinal 2 FS= 3
|ordinal 3 FS= 4
|ordinal 4 FS= 5
|ordinal 5 FS= 3
|ordinal 6 FS= 4
|ordinal 7 FS= 5
|ordinal 8 FS= 5
|ordinal 9 FS= 5
|rank SP= 5th
|rank FS= 5th
|notes=
}}


== Pairs ==
[[Category:Apple hardware]]
{| class="wikitable"
[[Category:Non-impact printers]]
|- bgcolor="#efefef"
| '''Medal'''
| '''Athletes'''
|-
| bgcolor="gold" | [[Gold medal|Gold]]
| {{flagicon|RUS}} [[Oksana Kazakova]] / [[Artur Dmitriyev]] (RUS)
|-
| bgcolor="silver" | [[Silver medal|Silver]]
| {{flagicon|RUS}} [[Yelena Berezhnaya]] / [[Anton Sikharulidze]] (RUS)
|-
| bgcolor="cc9966" | [[Bronze medal|Bronze]]
| {{flagicon|GER}} [[Mandy Wötzel]] / [[Ingo Steuer]] (GER)
|}

== Ice Dancing ==
{| class="wikitable"
|- bgcolor="#efefef"
| '''Medal'''
| '''Athletes'''
|-
| bgcolor="gold" | [[Gold medal|Gold]]
| {{flagicon|RUS}} [[Oksana Grishuk]] / [[Evgeny Platov]] (RUS)
|-
| bgcolor="silver" | [[Silver medal|Silver]]
| {{flagicon|RUS}} [[Anjelica Krylova]] / [[Oleg Ovsyannikov]] (RUS)
|-
| bgcolor="cc9966" | [[Bronze medal|Bronze]]
| {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Marina Anissina]] / [[Gwendal Peizerat]] (FRA)
|}

{{Olympic Games Figure skating}}
{{EventsAt1998WinterOlympics}}

[[Category:1998 Winter Olympics]]
[[Category:1998 Winter Olympics events]]

[[category:Figure skating at the Olympics|1998]]


==External links==
* [http://www.caretoicedance.com/scandals.html#nag1998 Care to Ice Dance? - Scandals at the 1998 Olympics]


[[de:Olympische Winterspiele 1998/Eiskunstlauf]]
[[it:LaserWriter]]
[[es:Patinaje artístico en los Juegos Olímpicos de Nagano 1998]]
[[fr:Patinage artistique aux jeux Olympiques de 1998]]
[[it:Pattinaggio di figura alle olimpiadi invernali 1998]]
[[no:Kunstløp under Vinter-OL 1998]]
[[pl:Łyżwiarstwo figurowe na Zimowych Igrzyskach Olimpijskich 1998]]

Revision as of 07:11, 8 April 2006

The Figure skating 1998 Winter Olympics results


Men

Medal Athlete
Gold Russia Ilia Kulik (RUS)
Silver Canada Elvis Stojko (CAN)
Bronze France Philippe Candeloro (FRA)

Template:Infobox SPFSC6.0

Women

Medal Athlete
Gold United States Tara Lipinski (USA)
Silver United States Michelle Kwan (USA)
Bronze China Lu Chen (CHN)

The competitors for the gold medal were Americans Tara Lipinski and Michelle Kwan. Kwan and Lipinski were in first and second places after the short program, respectively. In the free skate, both Lipinski and Kwan skated excellent programs. 6 judges placed Lipinski ahead of Kwan; three placed Kwan ahead of Lipinski. So Lipinski won the gold medal, and Kwan took the silver. (See the two tables below).

The competitors for the bronze medal were Lu Chen from China, Maria Butyrskaya and Irina Slutskaya from Russia. In the free skate, they all skated well, but had mistakes. The final placements were very close and far from unanimous. The 3rd-5th place votes were split unevenly between Chen, Butyrskaya, and Slutskaya. Chen beat Butyrskaya by the tally of 5 judges to 4 and beat Slutskaya 6 judges to 3. Finally Chen won her second straight bronze medal in the Olympic Games.

Interestingly, Tara Lipinski (Gold), Michelle Kwan (Silver) and Lu Chen (Bronze) were the World Champions in 1997, 1996 and 1995, respectively. Template:Infobox SPFSC6.0

Template:Infobox SPFSC6.0

Template:Infobox SPFSC6.0

Template:Infobox SPFSC6.0

Template:Infobox SPFSC6.0

Pairs

Medal Athletes
Gold Russia Oksana Kazakova / Artur Dmitriyev (RUS)
Silver Russia Yelena Berezhnaya / Anton Sikharulidze (RUS)
Bronze Germany Mandy Wötzel / Ingo Steuer (GER)

Ice Dancing

Medal Athletes
Gold Russia Oksana Grishuk / Evgeny Platov (RUS)
Silver Russia Anjelica Krylova / Oleg Ovsyannikov (RUS)
Bronze France Marina Anissina / Gwendal Peizerat (FRA)


Retrieved from "http://en.wiki.x.io/w/index.php?title=LaserWriter&oldid=47523854"