South Florida Bulls men's soccer
South Florida Bulls men's soccer | |||
---|---|---|---|
Founded | 1965 | ||
University | University of South Florida | ||
Athletic director | Michael Kelly | ||
Head coach | Bob Butehorn (6th season) | ||
Conference | The American | ||
Location | Tampa, Florida | ||
Stadium | Corbett Stadium (Capacity: 4,000) | ||
Nickname | Bulls | ||
Colors | Green and gold[1] | ||
| |||
NCAA Tournament Quarterfinals | |||
1997, 2008, 2011 | |||
NCAA Tournament Round of 16 | |||
1969, 1972, 1973, 1997, 2007, 2008, 2011 | |||
NCAA Tournament appearances | |||
1969, 1970, 1971, 1972, 1973, 1975, 1982, 1996, 1997, 1998, 2001, 2005, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2015, 2016, 2019, 2022 | |||
Conference Tournament championships | |||
1976, 1977, 1979, 1980, 1981, 1982, 1985, 1986, 1988, 1991, 1996, 1998, 2008, 2013 | |||
Conference Regular Season championships | |||
1976, 1980, 1981, 1982, 1983, 1984, 1985, 1996, 1997, 1998, 2005, 2011, 2016 |
The South Florida Bulls men's soccer team represents the University of South Florida in the sport of soccer. The Bulls currently compete in the American Athletic Conference (The American) within the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA). USF plays in Corbett Stadium, which opened in 2011 and is also used by the USF women's soccer team. Prior to that, they played at USF Soccer Field from their first season in 1965 until 1978 and USF Soccer Stadium (later called USF Soccer and Track Stadium) from 1979 until 2010. They are coached by Bob Butehorn, who is in his sixth year with the Bulls as of the 2022 season.
The men's soccer team was the first team in USF history to play an intercollegiate game, defeating Florida Southern 4–3 on September 25, 1965.
Men's soccer is historically one of USF's most successful sports teams, winning a combined 27 regular season and tournament conference championships (the most of any program at the school) and reaching the NCAA Tournament 23 times. The furthest the Bulls have advanced in the tournament is to the Elite Eight, which they have reached three times.
History
[edit]Dan Holcomb era (1965–1986)
[edit]USF men's soccer began NCAA play in 1965 under Coach Dan Holcomb. Holcomb guided the team for 22 years, compiling a record of 216–86–23, and earning 7 NCAA tournament berths and 15 combined regular season and tournament conference titles.[2]
Jay Miller era (1987–1993)
[edit]In 1987, Jay Miller took over as coach of the Bulls. In seven years, he compiled a record of 69–43–15. The Bulls entered the Sun Belt Conference in 1990, and, with a record 5–1–1 in conference play, they were named co-champions.
In 1992 and 1993 the Bulls played in the Metro Conference, compiling a conference record of 3–5–1.
Under Coach Miller, the Bulls failed to reach the NCAA Tournament.[2]
T. Logan Fleck era (1994–1996)
[edit]In three seasons, Fleck compiled a record of 34–17–0. In 1994, while still in the Metro Conference, The Bulls were 9–7–0 overall, and 3–2 in conference. They moved to Conference USA in 1995, and went 8–6–0 overall, and 5–3–0 in conference play. In 1996, Fleck's final season, the Bulls won the Conference USA title, and appeared in the NCAA Tournament.[2] Fleck, who was also the inaugural coach of the USF women's soccer team in 1995 and 1996, resigned after the 1996 season to coach the women's team full time.
David Christiansen era (1997)
[edit]David Christainsen, a 28-year old assistant under Coach Fleck, was hired as the interim coach of the Bulls for the 1997 season. Christiansen went 14–8–2 overall, and 5–1–2 in conference, as the team was named Conference USA co-champions.[2] Christiansen took the team deep into NCAA Tournament, their best result up to that point, as they made it all the way to the Elite Eight. Christansen resigned after the season because of an incident on the team's flight back to Tampa following their loss to Indiana in the NCAA Tournament.[3]
John Hackworth era (1998–2001)
[edit]In 1998, under Coach Hackworth, the Bulls won the conference championship for a third straight year, this time winning both the regular season and tournament Conference USA titles. The team also appeared in the NCAA tournament for the third year in a row. Hackworth compiled a record of 47–32–2 overall, and 20–13–1 in conference in four seasons.[2]
George Kiefer era (2002–2016)
[edit]In 2002, George Kiefer took over as coach. In 2004, the Bulls jumped from Conference USA to the Big East, and in 2013 the Big East transitioned to the American Athletic Conference. The Bulls won the Big East regular season title in 2005 and 2011, the Big East tournament in 2008, the inaugural AAC Tournament in 2013, and the AAC regular season title in 2016. Under Coach Keifer, the Bulls found themselves in 10 NCAA Tournaments, including seven straight (2007–2013). They reached the Elite Eight in 2008 and 2011. In 2011, the Bulls moved from the USF Soccer and Track Stadium to the new Corbett Stadium.
Keifer had a record of 162–84–47 with the Bulls. On November 22, 2016, Kiefer was hired by the NC State Wolfpack men's soccer program.[4]
Bob Butehorn era (2017–present)
[edit]On December 18, 2016, Bob Butehorn was hired as the head coach for the program.[5] Butehorn previously coached the Florida Gulf Coast Eagles men's soccer program. The Bulls made the NCAA tournament in 2019. After a few disappointing seasons, the Bulls made the conference tournament championship game in 2022 and made the NCAA tournament for the second time under Butehorn's guide, and won a tournament game for the first time since 2012 after a 4–2 victory against Hofstra at Corbett Stadium, and lost in the second round to No. 1 overall seed Kentucky.[6]
Players
[edit]Current roster
[edit]- As of 21 Sep 2024[7]
Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules; some limited exceptions apply. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.
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Coaching staff
[edit]- As of 21 Sep 2024[7]
Position | Name |
---|---|
Head coach | Bob Butehorn |
Assistant coach | Armante' Marshall |
Assistant coach | William Chiles |
Assistant coach | Luis Vega |
Graduate assistant | Kori Cupid |
Fans
[edit]The main group of student supporters are known as the Goalmouths. They sit on the berm behind whichever goal USF is attacking in that particular half.
Rivalries
[edit]USF's main rival is American Athletic Conference foe Central Florida, with whom they compete in the War on I-4. The sides first met in 1974 and the Bulls lead the all-time series at 27–8–4.
The Bulls annually face the crosstown University of Tampa Spartans, an NCAA Division II school, in the preseason Rowdies Cup, which celebrates the city's rich soccer history. The Bulls have a deep connection with the Rowdies, as Corbett Stadium is named after USF alumni and former Rowdies owners (of the original club, not the current one) Dick and Cornelia Corbett. In addition to holding the match trophy until the next match, the winners also get to hoist the actual 1975 Soccer Bowl trophy, which was won by the original Tampa Bay Rowdies. Formerly called the Mayor's Cup until 2005, as of the 2022 edition, USF holds 25–11–3 edge in the all-time series which dates back to 1972.[8][9][10][11][12][13]
Season-by-season results
[edit]Year | Conference | Games played | Record (W–L–T) |
Win percentage | Conference record (W–L–T) |
Head coach | Postseason |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1965 | Independent (National Collegiate) | 10 | 6–4–0 | .600 | N/A | Dan Holcomb | |
1966 | 11 | 10–0–1 | .955 | ||||
1967 | 12 | 10–2–0 | .833 | ||||
1968 | 9 | 6–2–1 | .722 | ||||
1969 | 10 | 8–2–0 | .800 | NCAA Round of 16 | |||
1970 | 11 | 7–3–1 | .682 | NCAA First Round | |||
1971 | 10 | 7–3–0 | .700 | NCAA First Round | |||
1972 | Independent (College Division) | 15 | 9–4–2 | .667 | NCAA Round of 16 | ||
1973 | Independent (Division I) | 13 | 10–3–0 | .769 | NCAA Round of 16 | ||
1974 | 14 | 6–6–2 | .500 | ||||
1975 | 13 | 9–3–1 | .731 | NCAA First Round | |||
1976 | Sun Belt | 18 | 11–6–1 | .639 | 4–0–0 (Won conference tournament and regular season) | ||
1977 | 15 | 10–5–0 | .667 | 2–1–0 (Won conference tournament) | |||
1978 | 15 | 7–7–1 | .500 | 1–2–0 | |||
1979 | 18 | 12–6–0 | .667 | 3–1–0 (Won conference tournament) | |||
1980 | 16 | 14–1–1 | .906 | 3–0–0 (Won conference tournament and regular season) | |||
1981 | 15 | 12–2–1 | .833 | 3–0–0 (Won conference tournament and regular season) | |||
1982 | 19 | 13–3–3 | .763 | 4–0–0 (Won conference tournament and regular season) | NCAA First Round | ||
1983 | 20 | 15–4–1 | .775 | 3–0–1 (Won conference regular season) | |||
1984 | 21 | 13–6–2 | .667 | 3–1–0 (Won conference regular season) | |||
1985 | 20 | 12–6–2 | .650 | 3–0–1 (Won conference tournament and regular season) | |||
1986 | 19 | 9–8–2 | .526 | 2–0–1 (Won conference tournament) | |||
1987 | 18 | 8–8–2 | .500 | 3–2–1 | Jay Miller | ||
1988 | 18 | 9–7–2 | .556 | 4–1–1 (Won conference tournament) | |||
1989 | 20 | 9–11–0 | .450 | 2–4–0 | |||
1990 | 17 | 12–3–2 | .765 | 5–1–1 | |||
1991 | Metro Conference | 20 | 9–5–6 | .600 | 2–0–2 (Won conference tournament) | ||
1992 | 18 | 13–3–2 | .778 | 2–1–1 | |||
1993 | 16 | 9–6–1 | .594 | 1–4–0 | |||
1994 | 16 | 9–7–0 | .562 | 3–2–0 | T. Logan Fleck | ||
1995 | Conference USA | 14 | 8–6–0 | .571 | 5–3–0 | ||
1996 | 21 | 17–4–0 | .810 | 7–1–0 (Won conference tournament and regular season) | NCAA First Round | ||
1997 | 24 | 14–8–2 | .625 | 5–1–2 (Won conference regular season) | David Christinsen | NCAA Quarterfinal | |
1998 | 22 | 12–8–2 | .591 | 6–1–1 (Won conference tournament and regular season) | John Hackworth | NCAA First Round | |
1999 | 18 | 10–8–0 | .556 | 3–5–0 | |||
2000 | 19 | 10–9–0 | .526 | 6–3–0 | |||
2001 | 22 | 15–7–0 | .682 | 7–4–0 | NCAA Second Round | ||
2002 | 18 | 11–7–0 | .611 | 6–4–0 | George Kiefer | ||
2003 | 18 | 7–8–3 | .472 | 4–3–2 | |||
2004 | 17 | 10–5–2 | .647 | 5–3–1 | |||
2005 | Big East | 21 | 13–6–2 | .667 | 9–2–0 (Won conference regular season) | NCAA Second Round | |
2006 | 19 | 9–6–4 | .636 | 1–0–3 | |||
2007 | 22 | 14–6–2 | .680 | 6–4–1 | NCAA Round of 16 | ||
2008 | 23 | 15–5–3 | .712 | 7–3–1 (Won conference tournament) | NCAA Quarterfinal | ||
2009 | 21 | 14–4–3 | .729 | 6–3–2 | NCAA Second Round | ||
2010 | 18 | 9–6–4 | .609 | 4–3–2 | NCAA First Round | ||
2011 | 21 | 13–4–4 | .696 | 7–1–2 (Won conference regular season) | NCAA Quarterfinal | ||
2012 | 19 | 8–6–5 | .548 | 2–3–3 | NCAA Second Round | ||
2013 | American Athletic Conference | 21 | 8–4–9 | .595 | 2–2–4 (Won conference tournament) | NCAA First Round | |
2014 | 20 | 10–7–3 | .575 | 4–3–1 | |||
2015 | 19 | 11–6–3 | .625 | 5–1–2 | NCAA Second Round | ||
2016 | 19 | 10–6–4 | .600 | 5–1–2 (Won conference regular season) | NCAA First Round | ||
2017 | 16 | 6–6–4 | .500 | 3–2–2 | Bob Butehorn | ||
2018 | 17 | 7–8–2 | .471 | 4–1–2 | |||
2019 | 19 | 11–7–1 | .605 | 4–3–0 | NCAA First Round | ||
2020 | 10 | 4–6–0 | .400 | 4–6–0 | |||
2021 | 15 | 6–7–2 | .467 | 4–5–1 | |||
2022 | 20 | 9–7–4 | .550 | 5–1–3 | NCAA Second Round | ||
2023 | 16 | 6–9–1 | .406 | 3–4–1 | |||
Total | 1006 | 588–322–106 | .637 | 191–96–47 | 23 Appearances (13–20–6 record) | ||
Bold indicates tournament won Italics indicate Conference Championship |
*- indicates season in progress, totals will be updated at end of season
NCAA tournament results
[edit]Year | Round | Location | Opponent | Result | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1969 | 1st round (round of 24) | Annapolis, MD | Navy | W 1–0 | |
2nd round (round of 16) | College Park, MD | Maryland | L 1–4 | ||
1970 | 1st round (round of 24) | Annapolis, MD | Navy | T 0–0 | Navy advances on corner kicks |
1971 | 1st round (round of 24) | Annapolis, MD | Navy | L 1–3 | |
1972[14] | 1st round (round of 24) | Harrisonburg, VA | James Madison | W 1–0 OT[a] | College Division tournament |
2nd round (round of 16) | Baltimore, MD | Baltimore | L 0–1 | ||
1973 | 1st round (round of 24) | Morgantown, WV | West Virginia | W 3–1 | |
2nd round (round of 16) | Clemson, SC | Clemson | L 0–1 4OT | ||
1975 | 1st round (round of 24) | Clemson, SC | Clemson | L 0–3 | |
1982 | 1st round (round of 24) | Durham, NC | Duke | L 1–2 | |
1996 | 1st round (round of 32) | Miami, FL | Florida International | L 1–6 | |
1997 | 1st round (round of 32) | Miami, FL | Florida International | W 3–1 | |
2nd round (round of 16) | New York, NY | St. John's | W 2–1 | ||
Quarterfinals | Bloomington, IN | Indiana | L 0–6 | ||
1998 | 1st round (round of 32) | Tampa, FL | William & Mary | L 1–2 2OT | |
2001 | 1st round (round of 48) | Tampa, FL | Akron | W 2–1 | |
2nd round (round of 32) | State College, PA | Penn State | L 0–1 3OT | ||
2005 | 1st round (round of 48) | Tampa, FL | Stetson | W 3–0 | |
2nd round (round of 32) | Charlottesville, VA | Virginia | T 4–4 | Virginia advances on PKs, 7–6 | |
2007 | 1st round (round of 48) | Tampa, FL | Colgate | W 2–1 | |
2nd round (round of 32) | Akron, OH | Akron | W 1–0 2OT | ||
3rd round (round of 16) | Storrs, CT | Connecticut | L 0–5 | ||
2008 | 2nd round (round of 32) | Tampa, FL | Harvard | W 2–1 | |
3rd round (round of 16) | Tampa, FL | UNC Greensboro | T 1–1 | USF advances on PKs, 3–1 | |
Quarterfinals | Winston-Salem, NC | Wake Forest | L 0–5 | ||
2009 | 1st round (round of 48) | Tampa, FL | Stetson | W 2–1 | |
2nd round (round of 32) | Akron, OH | Akron | L 0–2 | ||
2010 | 1st round (round of 48) | Orlando, FL | UCF | L 0–3 | |
2011 | 2nd round (round of 32) | Tampa, FL | UCF | W 2–1 OT | |
3rd round (round of 16) | Tampa, FL | New Mexico | T 0–0 | USF advances on PKs, 6–5 | |
Quarterfinals | Omaha, NE | Creighton | L 0–1 OT | ||
2012 | 1st round (round of 48) | Tampa, FL | Florida Gulf Coast | T 0–0 | USF advances on PKs, 5–3 |
2nd round (round of 32) | Tampa, FL | Tulsa | L 0–1 OT | ||
2013 | 1st round (round of 48) | Chapel Hill, NC | North Carolina | L 0–1 | |
2015 | 2nd round (round of 32) | Tampa, FL | Boston College | L 1–2 OT | |
2016 | 1st round (round of 48) | Tampa, FL | Florida Gulf Coast | T 2–2 | FGCU advances on PKs, 3–0 |
2019 | 1st round (round of 48) | Louisville, KY | Louisville | L 1–4 | |
2022 | 1st round (round of 48) | Tampa, FL | Hofstra | W 4–2 | |
2nd round (round of 32) | Lexington, KY | Kentucky | L 0–4 | ||
Total | 23 Appearances | 13–20–6 |
- ^ USF's media guide claims the Bulls won 2–1 in overtime, but the NCAA record book says the score was 1–0.
Individual honors
[edit]Hermann Trophy finalists
[edit]- Fergus Hopper, 1977[2]
All Americans
[edit]First team
[edit]- Roy Wegerle, 1982, 1983
- Mike Mekelburg, 1996
- Jeff Attinella, 2009
Second team
[edit]Third team
[edit]Conference honors
[edit]Player of the decade
[edit]- Jeff Cunningham, 1990s
Player of the year
[edit]- Tim Geltz, 1991
- Mark Chung, 1992
- Mike Mekleberg, 1996
- Jeff Cunningham, 1997
- Brian Waltrip, 1998
- Dom Dwyer, 2011
- Prosper Figbe, 2016
Goalkeeper of the year
[edit]- Jeff Attinella, 2009
- Spasoje Stefanovic, 2014, 2016
First team all conference
[edit]- Ralph Baker, 1977, 1979
- Fran Lemmons, 1977
- Declan O’Donoghue, 1977, 1978
- Harry Jean-Charles, 1977
- Kyle White, 1978, 1979, 1980, 1981
- Shay Smith, 1978
- Paul Ritter, 1979
- Jesper Pederson, 1979
- Dan Peterson, 1980
- Mike Metzner, 1980
- Nigel Armorer-Clarke, 1980, 1981
- Bob Bauman, 1980
- Hisham Ramzi, 1981
- Jim Peterson, 1981
- Jay White, 1981, 1982
- Roy Wegerle, 1982, 1983
- Johann Westerhorstmann, 1982, 1984
- Ranier Kuhn, 1982
- Garnett Craig, 1982
- Kelvin Jones, 1983, 1984
- Aris Bogdaneris, 1984, 1985, 1986
- Ray Perlee, 1984, 1985, 1986
- Alan Anderson, 1984, 1986, 1987
- David Dodge, 1985
- Giles Hooper, 1987
- Michael Bates, 1988
- Mark Chung, 1989, 1990, 1992
- R.C. Campagnolo, 1989, 1990
- Tim Geltz, 1991
- Ed Carmean, 1991
- Mike Borgard, 1992, 1993, 1994
- Andy Restrepo, 1992
- Jeff Gopsill, 1992
- Oystein Drillestad, 1992, 1993, 1994
- Jeff Cunningham, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997
- Mike Mekelburg, 1994, 1996
- Harold Ooft, 1994
- Todd Denault, 1996
- Brian Waltrip, 1997, 1998
- Brian Alvero, 1998, 1999
- Kevin Alvero, 1998, 1999
- Jeff Houser, 1998
- Jason Cudjoe, 2001
- Jeff Thwaites, 2001, 2002
- Hunter West, 2002
- Kareem Smith, 2004
- Rodrigo Hidalgo, 2005
- Kevon Neaves, 2007, 2008
- Yohance Marshall, 2008
- Jeff Attinella, 2009
- Dom Dwyer, 2011
- Ben Sweat, 2013
- Lucas Baldin, 2014
- Lindo Mfeka, 2014, 2015, 2016
- Wesley Charpie, 2014
- Spasoje Stefanovic, 2014, 2016
- Nazeem Bartman, 2015, 2016
- Brendan Hines-Ike, 2015
- Prosper Figbe, 2016
- Adrian Billhardt, 2017
- Ricardo Gomez, 2017
- Tomasz Skublak, 2018
- Javain Brown, 2019
- Avionne Flanagan, 2019
- Pedro Faife, 2024
Coach of the year
[edit]- Dan Holcomb, 1976, 1980
- John Hackworth, 1998
USF Athletic Hall of Fame members
[edit]- Dan Holcomb – Head Coach 1965–86
- Fergus Hopper – DF 1974–77
- Matthew O'Neal – FW 2013–14*
- Jeff Atinella – G 2007–10
- Jeff Cunningham – FW 1994–97
*Two sport athlete, mainly inducted for his performance with USF's Track and Field team.
Players who went on to play professionally
[edit]- Bernardo Añor, professional footballer for Sporting Kansas City, currently on loan to Minnesota United FC
- Jeff Attinella, professional footballer for the Portland Timbers.
- Lucas Baldin, professional footballer for Deportivo Lara.
- Tyler Blackwood, professional footballer for Oakland Roots.
- Peter Chandler, veteran of USMNT, played professionally in the original NASL.
- Wesley Charpie, professional footballer for Louisville City FC.
- Mark Chung, veteran of USMNT, played professionally in MLS for 10 years.
- Jeff Cunningham, veteran of USMNT, played professionally in MLS for 15 years.
- Dom Dwyer, professional footballer who most recently played for Toronto FC and has also played for the USMNT.
- Kevin Eagan, played professionally in the original NASL.
- Tom Fitzgerald, NCAA winning soccer coach and MLS coach.
- Brendan Hines-Ike, professional footballer for D.C. United.
- Dallas Jaye, professional footballer for Greenville Triumph & Guam national football team.
- Yohance Marshall, professional footballer who most recently played for Icelandic club Kórdrengir.
- Nikola Paunic, professional footballer for Orange County Blues FC.
- Troy Perkins, veteran of USMNT, played professionally in MLS for 10 years.
- Diego Restrepo, professional footballer for Austin Bold FC.
- Neven Subotić, professional footballer for SCR Altach.
- Ben Sweat, record appearance holder for South Florida Men's soccer, professional footballer for New York City FC.
- Roy Wegerle, veteran of 1994 and 1998 World Cup for USMNT, played professionally in the original NASL, EPL and MLS.
- Anthony Wallace, capped once by the USMNT, plays professionally for OKC Energy FC.
Media
[edit]Under the current American Athletic Conference TV deal, all home and in-conference away men's soccer games are shown on one of the various ESPN networks or streamed live on ESPN+.[15] Live radio broadcasts of games are also available worldwide for free on the Bulls Unlimited digital radio station on TuneIn.[16]
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ USF Athletics Brand Guide (PDF). August 18, 2022. Retrieved August 23, 2022.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j "2020 Men's Soccer History and Records" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 30 June 2021.
- ^ "Soccer coach resigns at USF". Tampa Bay Times. Retrieved 2022-03-04.
- ^ "George Kiefer Named NC State Men's Soccer Head Coach". Atlantic Coast Conference. TheACC.com. November 22, 2016. Retrieved December 19, 2016.
- ^ "Butehorn Appointed Men's Soccer Head Coach". University of South Florida Athletics. GoUSFBulls.com. December 18, 2016. Retrieved December 19, 2016.
- ^ "USF Dominates Hofstra in NCAA First Round, 4-2; Face No. 1 Overall Seed Kentucky on Sunday". USF Athletics. 17 November 2022. Retrieved 2022-11-18.
- ^ a b Men's soccer roster on gofbulls.com
- ^ http://www.gousfbulls.com/ViewArticle.dbml?DB_OEM_ID=7700&ATCLID=209225951 [dead link ]
- ^ "Spartans Take Rowdies Cup With 1-0 Victory Over USF". Archived from the original on 2015-03-20. Retrieved 2014-11-24.
- ^ "Bulls Down Spartans to Claim Rowdies Cup". gousfbulls.com. Retrieved August 24, 2015.
- ^ "Bulls Retain Rowdies Cup". gousfbulls.com. Archived from the original on August 28, 2017. Retrieved August 27, 2017.
- ^ "Rudderham Scores Hat Trick, Bulls Retain Rowdies Cup". gousfbulls.com. Retrieved September 17, 2018.
- ^ "2019 Tampa Spartans Men's Soccer Schedule".
- ^ "Division II men's soccer championship brackets" (PDF). NCAA.
- ^ "AAC, ESPN Agree To 12-Year Media-Rights Deal Worth $1B". www.sportsbusinessjournal.com. 19 March 2019. Retrieved 2022-11-13.
- ^ "Bulls Unlimited". USF Athletics. Retrieved 2022-11-18.