1,2-Butanediol
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| Names | |
|---|---|
| IUPAC name
Butane-1,2-diol
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| Other names
1,2-Dihydroxybutane
α-Butylene glycol | |
| Identifiers | |
3D model (JSmol)
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| ChemSpider | |
| ECHA InfoCard | 100.008.663 |
| RTECS number |
|
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
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|
| |
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| Properties | |
| C4H10O2 | |
| Molar mass | 90.121 g/mol |
| Density | 1.0023 g/cm3 (20 °C) |
| Melting point | −50 °C[note 1] |
| Boiling point | 195–196.9 °C 96.5 °C (10 mmHg) |
| miscible | |
| Solubility | soluble in ethanol, acetone; sparingly soluble in esters and ethers; insoluble in hydrocarbons |
Refractive index (nD)
|
1.4378 (20 °C) |
| Viscosity | 7.3 mPa s (20 °C) |
| Thermochemistry | |
Std enthalpy of
formation (ΔfH⦵298) |
−532.8 kJ/mol |
Std enthalpy of
combustion (ΔcH⦵298) |
−2479 kJ/mol |
| Hazards | |
| Flash point | 90 °C |
| Related compounds | |
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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1,2-Butanediol is a vic-diol (glycol) first described by Charles-Adolphe Wurtz in 1859.[6] It is produced industrially as a byproduct of the production of 1,4-butanediol from butadiene,[7] and is also a byproduct of the catalytic hydrocracking of starches and sugars such as sorbitol to ethylene glycol and propylene glycol.[8][note 2] It is used to produced polyester resins and plasticizers,[3][7] and is a potential feedstock for the industrial production of α-ketobutyric acid, a precursor to many amino acids.[9]
Notes
- ^ The value of −50 °C for the melting point is taken from Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry and used by the Hazardous Substances Data Bank and the OECD Screening Information Dataset. Other reported values of the melting point range from −114 °C to −30 °C.
- ^ The catalytic hydrocracking of starches and sugars is not currently a major industrial route to ethylene glycol and propylene glycol, partly because of the complexity of the mixtures of polyhydric alcohols which is formed.
References
- ^ Weast, Robert C., ed. (1981). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (62nd ed.). Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press. p. C-190. ISBN 0-8493-0462-8..
- ^ Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Vol. A1. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. p. VA4 461. ISBN 978-3527306732..
- ^ a b 1,2-Butanediol (PDF), SIDS Initial Assessment Report, Geneva: United Nations Environment Programme, February 1995.
- ^ Moureu, H.; Dode, M. (1937), "Chaleurs de formation de l'oxyde d'ethylene, de l'ethanediol et de quelques homologues", Bull. Soc. Chim. Fr., 4: 637–47.
- ^ 1,2-Butanediol, International Chemical Safety Card 0395, Geneva: International Programme on Chemical Safety, March 1996.
- ^ Wurtz, A. (1859), Ann. Chim. Phys., 55: 400
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