Świętokrzyskie Mountains
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Świętokrzyskie Mountains (Holy Cross Mountains), (Polish: ) are a mountain range in central Poland, in the vicinity of the city of Kielce. The mountain range consists of a number of separate ranges, the highest of which is Łysogóry (lit. bald mountains). The two highest peaks are Łysica at 612 meters (2008 ft) and Łysa Góra at 593 meters (1946 ft). Together with the Jura Krakowsko-Częstochowska the mountains form a region called the Lesser Poland Upland (Wyżyna Małopolska). Their area is 1684 km² (650 mi²). Approximate location is 50°53′N 20°55′E / 50.883°N 20.917°E.
Pre-history
The Świętokrzyskie Mountains are one of the oldest mountain ranges in Europe. They were formed during the Caledonian orogeny of the Silurian period and then rejuvenated in the Hercynian orogeny of the Upper Carboniferous period.
The region was once on the southern coast of the ancient supercontinent of Laurasia. The oldest known evidence of tetrapods comes from 395-million-year old fossil footprints found in Zachełmie. The rocks were formed from a marine tidal flat or lagoon.[1][2]
The mountains have also yielded the oldest evidence of Dinosauromorpha, pushing back the evolution of dinosaurs to small, four-legged animals living during the Early Triassic. The fossil footprints date to some 250 million years ago, only a couple of million years after the Permian–Triassic extinction event, during a time when the environment was still destabilized.[3] Footprints of early bipedal dinosaurs known as Sphingopus, from 246 million years ago, were also found.[4]
History
From the early Middle Ages the mountains were a place of extensive copper and iron mining. Later they were also a significant site of limestone and red sandstone extraction. At present, the center part of the mountains contains the Świętokrzyski National Park.
The name, Holy Cross Mountains, refers to a Christian relic from a nearby Benedictine monastery on Łysa Góra, said to be a small piece of wood from the Cross on which Jesus Christ was crucified.
References
- ^ Dalton, Rex (January 6, 2010). "Discovery pushes back date of first four-legged animal". Nature (journal). Retrieved January 8, 2010.
- ^ Viegas, Jennifer (January 6, 2010). "Earliest Four-Limbed Animals Left Mud Tracks". Discovery.com. Retrieved January 8, 2010.
- ^ Viegas, Jennifer (October 5, 2010). "Oldest Evidence for Dinosaurs in Tiny Footprints". Discovery.com. Retrieved October 11, 2010.
- ^ Fox, Maggie (October 5, 2010). "First dinosaurs walked on little cat feet". Reuters. Retrieved October 11, 2010.
See also
- Bartek the most famous tree in Poland
- Caledonian orogenesis
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