Wat

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For other uses, see Wat (disambiguation).

Front of Wat Mahathat in Luang Prabang

Wat Preah Keo in Phnom Penh

The entrance to the Phra Viharn Luang (meeting hall) at Wat Suthat, one of the most important Buddhist temples in Bangkok

A wat (derived from the [Pāli] word vatthu-ārāma) is a monastery temple in Cambodia, Thailand, or Laos. The word "wat" (Khmer: វត្ត, Thai: วัด, sometimes rendered "vat" when referring to Laos) means "school".

Introduction

Strictly speaking a wat is a Buddhist sacred precinct with monks' quarters, the temple proper, an edifice housing a large image of Buddha, and a structure for lessons. A Buddhist site without a minimum of three resident monks cannot correctly be described as a wat, although the term is frequently used more loosely, even for ruins of ancient temples. (As a transitive or intransitive verb, wat means to measure, to take measurements; compare templum, from which temple derives, having the same root as template.)

In Cambodia, a wat is used to refer to all kinds of places of worship. Technically, wat generally refers to a Buddhist place of worship, but the technical term is វត្តពុទ្ធសាសនា (wat pootasasna). A Christian church can be referred as វិហារយេស៊ូ(vihear yeasu). Angkor Wat អង្គរវត្ត means city of temples.

In everyday language in Thailand, a wat is any place of worship except a mosque (Thai สุเหร่า - su-rao; or มัสยิด - Thai rendering of masjid; a mosque may also be described as โบสถ์ของอิสลาม - bot khong Is-a-lam). Thus wat cheen is a Chinese temple (either Buddhist or Taoist), wat khaek is a Hindu temple, and wat kris or wat krit or wat farang is a Christian church, though Thai โบสถ์ (โบด bot) may be used descriptively as with mosque.

Structure

A typical Buddhist wat consists of the following buildings:

• chaidei or chedi (Khmer ចេតិយ), (Lanna: phrathāt), (Thai เจดีย์) (from Sanskrit: chaitya, temple) - usually conical or bell-shaped buildings, often containing relics of Buddha
• vihan (Khmer វិហារ), (Lanna: wihān), viharn or wihaan (Thai วิหาร) from Sanskrit: vihara and Pali vihaan ) - a meeting and prayer room
• mondop (Lanna: mondop), (Thai มณฑป) (from Sanskrit: Mandapa) - a usually open, square building with four arches and a pyramidal roof, used to worship religious texts or objects
• sala (Khmer សាលា), (Lanna: sālā), (Thai ศาลา) (from Sanskrit: Shala - School, from an earlier meaning of shelter) - a pavilion for relaxation or miscellaneous activities
• bot (Lanna: bōt), โบสถ์ or ubosoth อุโบสถ์ (from Pali uposatha) - the holiest prayer room, also called the "ordination hall" as it is where new monks take their vows. Architecturally it is similar to the vihara; the main differences are the eight cornerstones placed around the bot to ward off evil. The bot is usually more decorated than the viharn.
• bibiloteca (Lanna: hōtham), (Thai หอไตร) - Tripitaka library where Buddhist scriptures are kept
• drum tower (Lanna: hōkong), (Thai หอกลอง)
• bell tower (Lanna: hōding), (Thai หอระฆัง)
• multipurpose hall (Lanna: sālā), (Thai: ศาลาการเปรียญ, study hall) is a building in a wat. In the past this hall was only for monks to study in, as parian is a Pali word meaning 'educated monk' or 'monk student'.

The living quarters of the monks, including the กุฏิ (Lanna: kuti), (Thai กุติ kuti or กุด kut - monk cells) are separated from the sacred buildings.

The roofs of Thai temples are often adorned with chofahs.

Examples

Some well-known wats include:

Cambodia

• Angkor Wat, Siem Reap
• Silver Pagoda, Phnom Penh
• Wat Botum, Phnom Penh
• Wat Ounalom, Phnom Penh

Laos

• Pha That Luang, Vientiane, Laos
• Wat Xieng Thong, Luang Prabang

Thailand

Main article: Thai temple art and architecture

• Bangkok
  • Wat Suthat, Bangkok, Thailand
  • Wat Benchamabophit (The Marble Temple)
  • Wat Ratchanadda
  • Wat Phra Kaew
  • Wat Arun
  • Wat Bowonniwet

• Lanna (Northern Thailand)
  • Wat Phrathat Doi Suthep, Chiang Mai
  • Wat Chiang Man, Chiang Mai
  • Wat Chedi Luang, Chiang Mai
  • Wat Phra Singh, Chiang Mai
  • Wat Phra Maha Jinadhatucao Doi Tung (Wat Phrathat Doi Tung), Chiang Rai
  • Wat Phra That Lampang Luang, Lampang
  • Wat Phumin, Nan

• Other regions
  • Wat Phra Pathom Chedi, Nakhon Pathom

Gallery

• 
  Angkor Wat, Siem Reap, Cambodia
• 
  Silver Pagoda, Phnom Penh
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  Wat Phnom, Phnom Penh
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  Two viharns and a chedi at Wat Phra That Chang Kham, Nan, Thailand
• 
  Chedi and viharn at Wat Suan Tan, Nan, Thailand
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  Wat Phra Kaew, Bangkok, Thailand
• 
  Wat Phrathat Doi Suthep, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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  Wat Xieng Thong, Luang Prabang, Laos