Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2015-03-18/Op-ed
Does the Wikimedia fundraising survey address community concerns?
The publication of the Wikimedia survey findings on fundraising questions, compiled by Lake Research Partners (see last week's special report in the Signpost), came three months after significant concerns were voiced on the Wikimedia mailing list and on meta:Talk:Fundraising_principles about the design and wording of the December 2014 fundraising banners and e-mails. The fundraising team promised to post feedback analysis on March 1. To the extent that this survey may be viewed as a response to community concerns, does it address them?Let us revisit the debate that took place three months ago. I will focus here on concerns expressed about the banner and e-mail wordings, rather than complaints about the size and design of the banners.
Fundraising banner wording
Slide 16 of the survey findings document displays a sample fundraising banner. For reference, it reads as follows:
DEAR WIKIPEDIA READERS, We'll get right to it: This week we ask our readers to help us. To protect our independence, we'll never run ads. We survive on donations averaging about $15. Only a tiny portion of our readers give. If everyone reading this right now gave $3, our fundraiser would be done within an hour. That's right, the price of a cup of coffee is all we need. We're a small non-profit with costs of a top website: servers, staff and programs. Wikipedia is something special. It is like a library or a public park where we can all go to learn. If Wikipedia is useful to you, take one minute to keep it online and ad-free. Thank you.
This is one of several, all very similar wordings that were used. For a longer example, see the image above right.
Community concerns
A number of longstanding community members felt that the messages on the fundraising banners were misleading, given the Wikimedia Foundation's unprecedented wealth. Below are excerpts from posts made by community members on the public Wikimedia-l mailing list. Emphases are mine.
Wittylama wrote on November 27, 2014:
“ | I am however negatively-struck by the finishing statement, a return to the old motto of "keep us online without advertising for one more year". I thought that we had collectively agreed that banners that directly threaten advertising next year were not going to happen any more. Remember when we used to get lots of mainstream media reports saying "Wikipedia will soon have ads!" as a result of those campaigns in the past? (This is different from simply saying "we don't have ads and we're proud of it", etc.) | ” |
Wikimedia developer Ori Livneh wrote on November 30, 2014:
“ | I agree that the urgency and alarm of the copy is not commensurate with my (admittedly limited) understanding of our financial situation. Could we run a survey that places the banner copy alongside a concise statement of the Foundation's financials, and which asks the respondent to indicate whether they regard the copy as misleading.
Quantitative assessments of fundraising strategy ought to consider impact on all assets, tangible or not. This includes the Foundation's goodwill and reputation, which are (by common wisdom) easy to squander and hard to repair. It is critical that we be maximally deliberate on this matter. In addition to the survey suggested above, I want to also propose that we: (a) solicit input from a neutral reputation management consultancy, and (b) create a forum for staffers to talk openly about this matter, without fear of reprisal. |
” |
Ryan Lane, the creator of Wikimedia Labs, wrote on December 2, 2014:
“ | Today I had a coworker private message me, worried that Wikipedia was in financial trouble. He asked me if the worst happened, would the content still be available so that it could be resurrected? I assured him that Wikimedia is healthy, has reserves, and successfully reaches the budget every year. Basically I said there wasn't much to worry about, because there isn't.
The messaging being used is actively scaring people. This isn't the first person that's asked me about this. When they find out there's not a real problem, their reaction quickly changes. They become angry. They feel manipulated. |
” |
Administrator Martijn Hoekstra wrote on December 3, 2014:
“ | I'm alarmed about the content. That should come to no surprise to the fundraising team, because I can't imagine this content hasn't been written to evoke the maximum amount of alarm. But it crosses the line towards dishonesty. | ” |
Former Arbitration Committee member John Vandenberg wrote on December 4, 2014, in response to Lila Tretikov:
“ | Lila, the concern is not that the fundraiser is working, which your soundbite confirms, but that it is deceiving people, or at least manipulating them 'too much' to be consistent with our values.
One way to test that would be to organise a survey for donors, informing them of the current financials, the current strategy document and current status on achieving that strategy, a breakdown on where the money is currently going and ask them whether they are happy with the amount and tone of the information they were given before being asked to donote. [sic] WMF donors may already being [sic] surveyed like this (ideally done by academics in the discipline rather than WMF staff/contractors); if so, hopefully that data can be shared. |
” |
MZMcBride wrote on December 18, 2014:
“ | The fundraising rules also need to make explicit that lying is flatly unacceptable. Having the first rule be "don't lie" might be the easiest solution here, though it's shocking that this needs to be written down. The fundraising teams, past and present, regularly lie to our readers in an effort to extract donations. Specific examples of lying include [...] repeatedly making manipulative and misleading suggestions that continued donations keep the projects online.
The Wikimedia Foundation recently raised $20 million. Assuming a generous $3 million to keep the projects online per year, that's over six years that the projects could continue operating before needing to ask for money again. Contrast with e-mails and in-site donation advertising that suggest that the lights will go off soon if readers don't donate today. |
” |
David Gerard, another former Arbitrator, replied to MZMcBride minutes later:
“ | And we're not talking about semantic arguments, we're seeing blatant falsehoods. | ” |
Does the survey address or invalidate these concerns?
Survey findings
Some of the main findings of the survey are:
- Ignorance and misconceptions about the Wikimedia Foundation and Wikipedia are common. For example, slide 3 states that "Although a majority of Wikipedia users correctly identify the organization that supports it as a non-profit, many are misinformed or uncertain."
- The most common reason for donating is, "I use Wikipedia often and want to support it", refined after additional questions to "I use Wikipedia and would like to see it remain a source of information" (slides 9–10).
- Most users find the fundraising messages "convincing" (slide 23).
In aggregate, these findings—that people are generally not well informed about even the most basic organisational aspects of Wikipedia and the Wikimedia Foundation, that they would like Wikipedia to remain available to them, and that they find a banner message calling for donations so that Wikipedia can stay "online and ad-free for another year" convincing—are not particularly surprising. This is precisely what the criticism on the mailing list was based on.
Most importantly, I found no evidence in the Lake Research Partners document that what John Vandenberg and Ori Livneh asked for in the posts quoted above—i.e. that survey respondents be given detailed information about current financials, strategies and cost breakdowns, and then asked to re-assess the fundraising messages—was done as part of this survey.
Receiving such information is certainly capable of drastically changing some donors' minds, as illustrated by the following comments posted on Twitter:
“ | @Wikipedia can you explain this please. http://up.wiki.x.io/wikipedia/foundation/e/e3/FINAL_13_14From_KPMG.pdf#page=4 #keepitfree #charity #donations #scam #BalanceSheets #wantthetruth #wtf i can assure you, @Wikipedia WILL NOT see another penny from me. I know plenty of charities that r much more in need I am astonished about their deceiving and unethical be[haviours] in regards to their #keepitfree #donation campaign |
” |
That the survey findings remain silent on this topic is unfortunate.
Fundraiser performance
The Wikimedia Foundation's revenue has increased every year of its existence, and by about 1,000% over the past six years or so. (See Wikimedia Foundation#Finances.) In addition, the Foundation has tended to overachieve its revenue targets and underspend in recent years, leading to substantial increases in its reserve.
The December 2014 fundraiser apparently was the most successful ever. According to WMF fundraising data, more than $30 million was raised from December 2 through December 31—over $10 million more than the fundraising target mentioned in the January 2015 Wikimedia Foundation blog post, "Thank you for keeping knowledge free and accessible". The combined total for November and December 2014 was close to $40 million, around two-thirds of the planned total for the 2014/2015 financial year.
The automated thank-you e-mail for donors reportedly read (my emphasis),
“ | My name is Lila Tretikov, and I’m the Executive Director of the Wikimedia Foundation. Over the past year, gifts like yours powered our efforts to expand the encyclopedia in 287 languages and to make it more accessible all over the world. [...] Our mission is lofty and presents great challenges. Most people who use Wikipedia are surprised to hear it is run by a non-profit organization and funded by your donations. Each year, just enough people donate to keep the sum of all human knowledge available for everyone. Thank you for making this mission possible.
On behalf of nearly half a billion people who read Wikipedia, thousands of volunteer editors, and staff at the Foundation, I thank you for keeping Wikipedia online and ad-free this year. |
” |
Is it true that each year, "just enough" people donate to keep the sum of all human knowledge online and available for everyone? No. Looking at the figures, each year just enough people have donated for the Wikimedia Foundation to have been able to
- accumulate close to $28 million in cash or cash equivalents and over $23 million in investments as of 30 June 2014 (i.e. before the December 2014 fundraiser),
- increase their annual spending by more than 1,000% since 2008,
- increase the number of paid Wikimedia Foundation staff positions from 11 in 2007 to around 250 today, with dozens more paid staff in various Wikimedia chapters.
According to the Wikimedia Foundation's most recent financial statement, less than 5 cents of each revenue dollar (a little over $2.5 million) went to Internet hosting.
The single biggest expense item was Wikimedia Foundation salaries and wages (nearly $20 million). Most of that goes to the software engineering department, whose work in recent years has often been controversial in the community; witness recent debates about VisualEditor, the Media Viewer, Superprotect and mobile user profiles.
Times have changed
From a historical perspective, it's interesting to contrast the current state of affairs with what Jimmy Wales told a TED audience in 2005 (time code 4:35, emphasis mine):
“ | So, we're doing around 1.4 billion page views monthly. So, it's really gotten to be a huge thing. And everything is managed by the volunteers and the total monthly cost for our bandwidth is about 5,000 dollars, and that's essentially our main cost. We could actually do without the employee ... We actually hired Brion because he was working part-time for two years and full-time at Wikipedia so we actually hired him so he could get a life and go to the movies sometimes. | ” |
A fundraising message focused on keeping Wikipedia "online and ad-free" was entirely appropriate at a time when that was indeed the project's main cost. But those times are long past.
The influx of hundreds of millions of dollars—a reflection of the goodwill Wikipedia's volunteer-created content generates around the world—is bringing about a major structural change in the Wikimedia movement, creating hundreds of paid jobs at the Wikimedia Foundation and in Wikimedia chapters around the world, in particular to move software engineering tasks from volunteers to paid staff (with mixed results to date). It's where the lion's share of donors' money is going.
The survey leaves me with little confidence that readers and donors are aware of these facts, and it tells us nothing about how they would feel if they learnt them.
Future fundraising
If the uppermost value involved in Wikimedia fundraising is to generate as much money as possible, then the findings of this survey can be used to argue that there is no problem. According to the survey results, people don't mind the fundraising banners all that much; they find them compelling—and donate money as a result. The most recent campaign was outstandingly successful in financial terms. This is what fundraising campaigns are for, right?
Critics like those quoted above might counter that the Wikimedia movement's aspirations are about providing full and accurate information to the public, and that transparency and honesty should take precedence over self-interest.
In a little over eight months' time, there will be another December fundraiser. I look forward to seeing which of these arguments will prevail, and whether the 2015 banners will once more ask people to donate tens of millions of dollars in order to keep Wikipedia "online and ad-free".
Andreas Kolbe has been a Wikipedia contributor since 2006 and is a longstanding contributor to the Signpost's "In the media" section. The views expressed in this editorial are his alone and do not reflect any official opinions of this publication. Responses and critical commentary are invited in the comments section.
Discuss this story
How does this fit into the wider narrative?
I took over the reins of managing News and notes a few weeks ago, and one of the first things that, coming back, shocked me, was the sheer mass of the amount of things that I, as the reporter responsible for covering internal news, had to keep on plate very week. Since the first time I wrote for the Signpost in 2011 the Wikimedia Foundation has doubled in size in staff, and the effect on what I have to cover in compiling weekly news has had the requisite increase as well. I have two things to say about this, one good, one bad.
First, the good. I don't think that the Wikimedia Foundation should necessarily return to the days of Sue Gardner-plus-40 (or, as it was in '07, Sue Gardner-plus-7), because both the Wikimedia movement and the wikimedias themselves have fundamentally changed in that time. For all the flack it gets the Foundation has deployed a number of effective measures: it has, as its core purpose, managed to keep editor numbers stable and has managed to significantly impact both systematic bias and the gender gap as organizational and structural problems within the volunteerist movement. I accept that there are certain problems that develop and important cultural implications that occur when a movement jumps from 1-and-something combined articles to 4-and-something million on the English Wikipedia alone; in fact, I wrote an essay touching on this topic back in 2011 that I encourage everyone to read.
But my acceptance of Foundation bureaucracy comes with an important caveat, and that is one of oversight. Why is that people flock to wikireview or whatever it's called? Because there isn't a powerful independent entity which oversights the Foundation as extensively as the Foundation can oversight the community. We try to do it here at the Signpost, but as I think readers in 2014 know we're a tiny band of a half-dozen to a dozen editors attempting to keep track of movements in an organization 200+ people strong, not to mention the paid employees of the charter organizations, user-groups, volunteers in the community, etc. etc. I read a blog post like this one and—frankly, I learn nothing; it's corporate communication at its finest (not to say that the blog is all bad: see this for instance). And the Foundation needs oversight—it needs it badly. Long-time observers will know that to a large extent the Wikimedia Foundation has outgrown the volunteers that it serves. This goes all the way back to when in 2011 the Foundation flatly refused to implement ACTRIAL; the rationale was illustrated for me most scaldingly by Foundation employee Okeyes (formerly Ironholds) here. They have at times continued to perform actions diametrically opposed to community consensus: see for instance this RfC. It's in these instances that the Foundation rears its ugly head and asserts itself on a higher plane than us volunteers.
So then, who has the final say in matters concerning the Foundation: the community or the Foundation itself? The answer is clearly the latter, and that, in a nutshell, is the problem with the Wikimedia Foundation as it stands today. We've reached the point where a thousand of editors signing an open letter to the Foundation is not only necessary, but fails to generate the desired response. I doubt this will either. ResMar 18:01, 21 March 2015 (UTC)[reply]
Computer equipment and office furniture
Financial reports
wmf:Financial reports is the homepage for the foundation's financials. There I do see reports for the 2013–2014 fiscal year, but apparently they haven't filed their IRS Form 990 for 2014 yet. There is however a link to the 990 for 2013 on that page. – Wbm1058 (talk) 20:03, 22 March 2015 (UTC)[reply]
Wikimedia Foundation#Finances contains the following table:
(revenue)
(expenses)
(net assets)
If I recall correctly, planned revenue for the 2014–2015 financial year is $58.5 million. Given that the December fundraiser seems to have overachieved considerably, the actual total may turn out to be higher. Andreas JN466 00:05, 23 March 2015 (UTC)[reply]
Visual Editor
It's great to have this debate and discuss the issue in the open, but I found the remarks that the engineering team had had "mixed results" pretty unfair. The Visual Editor is a triumph. It can't handle every edge case or language, but my god it's a revolution for day-to-day editing of the English Wikipedia. Give the team their dues. Stevage 13:39, 24 March 2015 (UTC)[reply]
The price of a cup of coffee?
What really got me, as an Israeli, is the claim about the price of a cup of coffee. In Israel, where the cost of living has been a major issue recently (probably related to the Arab Spring in the neighboring countries), there's a relatively new chain (called Coffix) wherer the price of a cup of coffee is just 5 shekels, not the 15 claimed by the fundraiser banner (or even the 12 shekels which would represent the 3$ ammount mentioned in the article). עוד מישהו Od Mishehu 14:28, 26 March 2015 (UTC)[reply]
Epoch Times article
Petr Svab, The Epoch Times, March 28, 2015, Donate to Wikipedia and Pay for… What Exactly? Andreas JN466 03:40, 29 March 2015 (UTC)[reply]