Theodosia Meade, Countess of Clanwilliam

Theodosia Meade, Countess of Clanwilliam (Miss Hawkins-Magill) by Joshua Reynolds

Theodosia Hawkins-Magill (5 September 1743 in Brighton – 2 March 1817 in Brighton), later Countess of Clanwilliam, was a great heiress and landowner in County Down, Ireland.

Early life

Theodosia Hawkins-Magill was born on 5 September 1743 in Brighton. She was the daughter and heir of Robert Hawkins-Magill (d. 10 April 1745), of Gill Hall, Dromore, County Down, by his second wife, Anne Bligh, daughter of John Bligh, 1st Earl of Darnley and Theodosia Bligh, 10th Baroness Clifton. Her father died on 10 April 1745, when she was less than two years old and she inherited his fortune. Her mother remarried in December 1747, to Bernard Ward, and had a number of further children. Mrs Pendarves wrote of Bernard Ward and the former Lady Anne Hawkins-Magill: 'He wants taste and Lady Anne is so whimsical that I doubt her judgement'.

Theodosia may have been called "Titty" by her family, as this was a pet name used for Theodosia's aunt, Lady Theodosia Bligh, who married William, 2nd Lord Brandon, in 1745.

Theodosia Clanwilliam by Thomas Gainsborough, 50 x 40 inches

When young, Theodosia Hawkins-Magill was painted by both Reynolds and Gainsborough, both paintings are now held by the Ulster Museum.

Marriage and family

On 29 August 1765 Theodosia Hawkins-Magill married John Meade (21 April 1744 – 19 October 1800, St. Stephen's Green, Dublin), son and heir of Sir Richard Meade, 3rd Baronet, of Ballintober, Co. Cork, by Catherine, daughter of Henry Prittie, of Kilboy, Co. Tipperary. She was then known as Theodosia Meade.

Her husband was Member of Parliament for Banagher between 1764–66. On 17 November 1766 as Sir John Meade, 4th Baronet, he was created Baron Gillford, of the manor of Gillford, Co. Down, and Viscount Clanwilliam, of Co. Tipperary. Nearly a decade later, on 20 July 1776 he became Earl of Clanwilliam; all in the peerage of Ireland. This gave Theodosia the title of Countess of Clanwilliam, and was called Lady Clanwilliam.

Between them (hers being the far greater share) their estates in 1799 were said to be worth £14,000 per annum, which made them approximately the eleventh largest landowners in Ireland. Theodosia had strong terms to her marriage settlement that prevented her husband from accessing and selling her estates. He was profligate and built up significant debts despite his wealth, owing £72,135 by 1787, and by his death in 1800 his estate had reduced considerably to service these debts.

Between 1766 and 1782, the couple had ten children.

Theodosia, Countess of Clanwilliam's memorial stone at St Peter's Church, Preston Village, Brighton

Theodosia Meade, Countess of Clanwilliam died on 2 March 1817 and was buried in the cemetery of St Peter's Church, Preston Village.

Politics

Despite the fact that women would not have the vote for another two centuries, rich and influential women could have significant political influence. Lady Clanwilliam's family, the Magills, had a long history of representing Co. Down in parliament in the late 1600s and early 1700, and she promoted her sons' political careers to continue the tradition. In October 1793 she announced that her absent eldest son Lord Gilford would stand for the Down by-election, but he was not elected and soon fell out with his mother after he married Countess Caroline Thun, daughter of Maria Wilhelmine von Thun und Hohenstein, of a Catholic Austrian aristocratic family. The Clanwilliams were a prominent protestant Ascendancy family, strongly opposed to Catholic emancipation in Ireland, and the marriage caused a rift.

Properties

She lived at Gill Hall and at Burrenwood, a cottage ornée put up near Castlewellan on some land halfway between her mother's house at Castle Ward, the Greenore Ferry, Rathfriland, and her ancestral seat at Gill Hall.

Burrenwood

Main article: Burrenwood

Burrenwood stands between the forest parks of Tollymore and Castlewellan, beside the Mourne mountains and just inland from Dundrum bay at Newcastle. Burrenwood is comparable with the Swiss cottage at Cahir (Tipperary); Derrymore, Bessbrook, Co. Armagh (National Trust, of Northern Ireland); and the Petit hameau de la Reine at Versailles.

Gill Hall, near Dromore

Surviving fragment. The Stable block of Gill Hall, January 2002

Meanwhile, Gill Hall had become one of the most haunted houses in Ireland and was home to the "Beresford ghost story".

This took place on 14 October 1693 when John Power, 2nd Earl of Tyrone (1665–1693) told his friend, Nichola Sophia (1665/6–1712/13), the sister-in-law of Sir John Magill (d. 1700), youngest daughter of Hugh, 1st Lord Hamilton of Glenawly, wife to Sir Tristram Beresford, 3rd Baronet (1669–1701), and mother of Sir Marcus Beresford, 4th Baronet and 1st Viscount Tyrone, of his own death that day thus showing, as arranged, that there was life on the other side.

Part of the stable block remains but the house was destroyed over thirty years ago.

Descent of Gill Hall

• Captain John Magill (McGill), was granted fairs at Loughan in 1669, and who died in 1677, via his only child, Susanna, to her son;

• Sir John Johnston, Kt (dsps 1701), aka Sir John Magill, 1st and only Bt.

Johnston was High Sheriff 1660, changed his name to Magill, an MP, and was given an Irish Baronetcy in 1680. In February 1689 he was colonel of a company of volunteers. His first wife Elizabeth Hawkins was his sister's sister-in-law. His widow, his second wife, sister of Lady Beresford, having remarried, died in 1708 and is buried in Westminster Abbey.

Sir John Magill's only daughter (born 1684): 'by the negligence of a servant was killed when an infant, by a fall from a scaffold at Gill Hall' (another possible ghost source).

Renowned Dublin silversmith Robert Calderwood (c 1706–1766) was a nephew. (Magill's sister was Calderwood's mother). Accordingly, Calderwood (Dublin Goldsmiths Company, Warden: 1733-36, & Master: 1736-37) was patronised by his Gill Hall cousins.

Magill left Gill Hall to his elder sister's son (and his first wife's nephew);

• John Hawkins (1675 – 5 September 1713), who also accordingly (in 1701, as instructed in his uncle's will) changed his name to Magill or Hawkins Magill. MP for County Down 1703–1713. High Sheriff for County Down 1700 and 1712. His father was granted a fair/market in Rathfriland in 1682, having been High Sheriff in 1675. His father was also an elder half-brother to Ulster King at Arms, William Hawkins. Two sons and a daughter (John, Hugh and Arabella Susanna (b&d 1698) died young. His surviving son, by his wife Rose, daughter of Sir Robert Colville, by Rose, daughter of William Leslie, MP, son of Henry Leslie, Bishop of Meath:

• Robert Hawkins Magill (1704–1745 at Seaforde, 'during a great hunting party'); High Sheriff of County Down 1732; MP for County Down (1724–1745); Trustee of the Linen Board for Munster 1736-1745; foundation member of the Dublin Society 1731; his first wife (whom he married in 1728) was Rachael (died 13/14 April 1739), daughter of Clotworthy (Skeffington), 3rd Viscount Massereene, and granddaughter of Sir Edward Hungerford, KB, (after whom today's Hungerford Bridge is named) she was the widow of Randal (Mac Donnell), 4th Earl of Antrim (1680–1721), whom she had married in 1699;

left it to his daughter, by his second wife (Anne Bligh);

• Theodosia Hawkins Magill, aka Theodosia, Countess of Clanwilliam.

Heraldic note

• Hawkins of Rathfriland (Alderman Hawkins (d.1680): per chevron argent and vert three hinds trippant proper.

crest: a falcon rising proper, belled or, perched on a lure gold.

motto: providence with adventure (also for Hawkins' in Scotland).

• Magill (for John Mac Gill, died 1677): azure three doves argent.

(cf. Makgill/M'Gill/Mac Gill (of Kembach/Rankeillour, Fife): gules three martlets argent.

motto: In Domino confido. crest: a martlet argent).

• Hawkins Magill (for John (formerly Hawkins) Magill 1701): quarterly 1st and 4th, azure three pewits argent (for Magill), 2nd and 3rd per chevron argent and vert three hinds trippant (for Hawkins).

crest: a falcon standing on a hawk's lure both proper argent and vert.

• Meade (of Ballintobber): gules, a chevron ermine between three trefoils slipped argent;

crest: an eagle displayed with two heads sable, armed or.

motto: Toujours prest.

• Meade (of Earsham and Burrenwood):

quarterly, 1st and 4th, grand quarters, gules, a chevron ermine between three trefoils slipped argent (Meade); 2nd and 3rd, grand quarters, quarterly 1st and 4th, azure, three peewits argent (Magill); 2nd and 3rd, per chevron and vert, three hinds trippant proper (Hawkins) a crest for difference.

Mantling: gules and argent.

Ancestry

Some of Theodosia's ancestors

Theodosia Hawkins Magill	Robert Hawkins-Magill (1704–1745). MP. (married 1st (1728) Rachael (d.1739), widow (married 1699) of Randal Mac Donnell, 4th Earl of Antrim (1680-1721); daughter of Clotworthy Skeffington, 3rd Viscount Massereene; and granddaughter of Sir Edward Hungerford, KB.)	Paternal Grandfather: John Hawkins Magill (1675-5 Sept. 1713) MP County Down 1703–13.	John Hawkins, of Rathfriland. High Sheriff 1675. Son of Alderman (William) Hawkins (d.1680) of London, Dublin and Rathfriland Castle.
			Mary, daughter of Lt. William Johnston, (by his wife Susanna only child of Captain John Mac Gill of Gill Hall (d.1677)), & sister of Sir John Magill, Bt. (d.1700)
		Paternal Grandmother: Rose Colville. They married 17 August 1697.	Sir Robert Colville (1625–1697), of Newtown, Co. Down and Mount Colvill (Galgorm Parks), Ballymena, co. Antrim. He bought the Abbey of Kells. MP. Rose Leslie was the third of his four wives.
			Rose, daughter of William Leslie, of Coleraine, and of Prospect, Co. Antrim. MP & a Deputy-Governor. He was third son of Bishop Henry Leslie.
	Lady Anne Bligh. (aka Viscountess Ward).	Maternal Grandfather: John Bligh, 1st Earl of Darnley (1687–1728)	Thomas Bligh (1654–1710), of Rathmore, Co. Meath.
			Elizabeth Naper, of Loughcrew, Co. Meath
		Maternal Grandmother: Lady Theodosia Hyde, suo jure Baroness Clifton of Leighton Bromswold	Edward Hyde, Viscount Cornbury, 3rd Earl of Clarendon (1661–1723)
			Catherine O'Brien, suo jure Baroness Clifton of Leighton Bromswold (1673–1706). Of Cobham Hall, Kent. Granddaughter of George, 9th Seigneur d'Aubigny (k. 1642), and niece of Charles, 6th Duke of Lennox (d.1672).

References

• A. P. W. Malcolmson 1999. Familia, no. 15.
• FitzGerald, Alison (September 2005). "Cosmopolitan commerce: the Dublin goldsmith Robert Calderwood: in the first detailed reconstruction of the career of one of Ireland's leading eighteenth-century goldsmiths, Alison FitzGerald reveals a spirited, well-connected and highly successful entrepreneur". Apollo. 162 (523).
• Bernard Burke, Sir, CB, LLD, 1884. The general armoury of England, Scotland, Ireland and Wales, Ulster King at Arms, Harrison, London.
• Edith Mary Johnston-Liik, 2002, History of the Irish Parliament, 1692-1800, six volumes, Ulster History Foundation.
• Esme Wingfield-Stratford, 1959. The Lords of Cobham Hall, Cassell, London.
• G. E. Cokayne (ed.), 1904, Complete Baronetage, Exeter.
• G. E. Cokayne (ed.), The Complete Peerage volume III.
• G. E. Cokayne (ed.), The Complete Peerage (G.E.C.), et al., volume VII, page 452, note d (description of ghost story).
• Grace Dorothea Meade (1902–1977), 1937-11-21, Houses of Ulster transcript, BBC.
• Hugh Montgomery-Massingberd (ed.), 1976, Burke's Irish Family Records, Burke's Peerage Ltd..
• T. C. & E. C. Jack, 1905. Fairbairn's Book of Crests of the Families of Great Britain and Ireland, 4th edition, 2 vols., London, & Edinburgh.

External links

• Ulster Museum's 1765 Reynolds portrait of Theodosia Magill.
• Art Fund's superior reproduction of the above painting.
• Ulster Museum's 1765 Gainsborough portrait of Theodosia Magill.
• The Beresford ghost story, October 1693.
• Gill Hall, old photo of it.
• 1775 Ewer in the Ulster Museum, bearing the arms of Clanwilliam.