Tillamook language

Tillamook
Tillamook
Hutyáyu, Hutyéyu
Native to	United States
Region	Northwestern Oregon
Ethnicity	Tillamook, Siletz
Extinct	1972, with the death of Minnie Scovell
Language family	Salishan Coast Salish Tillamook; ;
Dialects	Tillamook; Siletz;
Language codes
ISO 639-3	til
Glottolog	till1254
	Tillamook is classified as Extinct by the UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger
	This article contains IPA phonetic symbols. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Unicode characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA.

Tillamook is an extinct Salishan language, formerly spoken by the Tillamook people in northwestern Oregon, United States. The last fluent speaker was Minnie Scovell who died in 1972.^[1] In an effort to prevent the language from being lost, a group of researchers from the University of Hawaii interviewed the few remaining Tillamook-speakers and created a 120-page dictionary.^[3]

Phonology

Vowels

Vowels in Tillamook
	Front	Back
High	i	ə
Low	æ	ɑ

Consonants

Consonants in Tillamook
		Alveolar			Post- alveolar	Velar		Uvular		Glottal
		central	sibilant	lateral	Post- alveolar	unrounded	rounded	unrounded	rounded	Glottal
Stop	plain	t	t͡s		t͡ʃ	k	kᵓ	q	qᵓ	ʔ
Stop	ejective	tʼ	t͡sʼ	t͡ɬʼ	t͡ʃʼ	kʼ	kᵓʼ	qʼ	qᵓʼ	ʔ
Fricative			s	ɬ	ʃ	x	xᵓ	χ	χᵓ	h
Sonorant		n		l	j		ɰᵓ

Internal rounding

The so-called "rounded" consonants (traditionally marked with the diacritic ⟨ʷ⟩, but here indicated with ⟨ᵓ⟩), including rounded vowels and ⟨w⟩ (/ɰᵓ/), are not actually labialized. The acoustic effect of labialization is created entirely inside the mouth by cupping the tongue (sulcalization). Uvulars with this distinctive internal rounding have "a kind of ɔ timbre" while "rounded" front velars have ɯ coloring. These contrast and oppose otherwise very similar segments having ɛ or ɪ coloring—the "unrounded" consonants.

/w/ is also formed with this internal rounding instead of true labialization, making it akin to [ɰ]. So are vowel sounds formerly written as /o/ or /u/, which are best characterized as the diphthong /əɰ/ with increasing internal rounding.^[4]

Notes

^ ^a ^b "A language all but lost". Tilamook Headlight Herald. May 19, 2009. Archived from the original on March 5, 2016.
^ Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger (Report) (3rd ed.). UNESCO. 2010. p. 11.
^ "Speaking Tillamook". Clatsop-Nehalem Confederated Tribes. Archived from the original on June 16, 2011.
^ Thompson & Thompson 1966, p. 316.

Bibliography

Edel, May M (1939). The Tillamook language. New York: J.J. Augustin. LCCN 40001628. OCLC 10272025.
"May M. Edel papers". Archives West. April 13, 2018 [2007]. Retrieved June 19, 2024.
Thompson, Lawrence C.; Thompson, M. Terry (1966). "A Fresh Look at Tillamook Phonology". International Journal of American Linguistics. 32 (4): 313–319. doi:10.1086/464920. JSTOR 1264085. S2CID 145658086.

External links

University of Oregon: The Tillamook
Tillamook Language
"Tillamook Vocabulary". California Language Archive. Retrieved September 22, 2013.
OLAC resources in and about the Tillamook language

[tillamookheadlightherald-1] "A language all but lost". Tilamook Headlight Herald. May 19, 2009. Archived from the original on March 5, 2016.

[2] Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger (Report) (3rd ed.). UNESCO. 2010. p. 11.

[3] "Speaking Tillamook". Clatsop-Nehalem Confederated Tribes. Archived from the original on June 16, 2011.

[FOOTNOTEThompsonThompson1966316-4] Thompson & Thompson 1966, p. 316.

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