Southern Cordilleran languages
| Southern Cordilleran | |
|---|---|
| Geographic distribution | northern Luzon |
| Linguistic classification | Austronesian
|
| Language codes | |
| Glottolog | sout2907 |
The Southern Cordilleran languages are a group of closely related languages within the Northern Luzon subgroup of the Austronesian language family.[1][2] They are spoken in an area stretching from the southern shore of Lingayen Gulf to the highlands of Quirino province. The most widely spoken Southern Cordilleran language is Pangasinan, one of the eight major languages of the Philippines.
Internal classification
[edit]The subgroup was first proposed by Zorc (1979).[3] Himes (1998) classifies the Southern Cordilleran languages as follows:[2]
Reconstruction
[edit]| Proto-Southern Cordilleran | |
|---|---|
| Reconstruction of | Southern Cordilleran languages |
Reconstructed ancestors | |
Proto-Southern Cordilleran has been reconstructed by Himes (1998).[2]
Phonology
[edit]| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Close | *i | *ɨ | *u |
| Open | *a |
| Bilabial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Stop | voiceless | *p | *t | *k | *ʔ | |
| voiced | *b | *d | *g | |||
| Fricative | *s | |||||
| Nasal | *m | *n | *ŋ | |||
| Lateral | *l | |||||
| Approximant | *w | *y | ||||
Vocabulary
[edit]The comparison table (taken from Himes (1998)[2] and Zorc (1979)[3]) illustrates the correspondences between the Southern Cordilleran languages, including inherited vocabulary as well as Southern Cordilleran innovations.
| Words inherited from Proto-Austronesian (PAn) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ilongot | Pangasinan | Ibaloi | PSC | PAn | Meaning | ||
| ma:go | a:gɨw | ʔágɨw | *ʔa:gɨw | *qaləjaw | 'day' | ||
| dɨ:nom | danúm | čánom | *dánum | *daNum | 'water' | ||
| Southern Cordilleran innovations | |||||||
| Ilongot | Pangasinan | Ibaloi | PSC | PAn | Meaning | ||
| ʔa:gɨt | agát | ʔagát | *ʔágat | (*laqia) | 'ginger' | ||
| bɨsik | batík | bɨtík | *bɨtík | (*laRiw) | 'run' | ||
| tɨɣí | salí | sɨdí | *sɨlí | (*qaqay) | 'foot' | ||
| -to | -tu | -to | *-tu | (*nia) | 'his/her' | ||
| kɨyó | kiyɨ́w | kiyɨ́w | *kɨyɨ́w[a] | (*kaSiw) | 'tree' | ||
| tóʔo | tuʔú | túʔu | *túʔu[b] | (*Cau) | 'person' | ||
References
[edit]- ^ Reid, Lawrence A. (2006). "On reconstructing the morphosyntax of Proto-Northern Luzon, Philippines". Philippine Journal of Linguistics. 37: 1–64.
- ^ a b c d Himes, Ronald S. (1998). "The Southern Cordilleran Group of Philippine Languages". Oceanic Linguistics. 37 (1): 120–177. doi:10.2307/3623282. JSTOR 3623282.
- ^ a b Zorc, R. David (1979). "On the Development of Contrastive Word Accent: Pangasinan, a Case in Point". In Nguyễn Đ.L. (ed.). Southeast Asian linguistic studies, Vol. 3. Pacific Linguistics, C-45. pp. 241–258. doi:10.15144/PL-C45.241.
External links
[edit]- "Southern Cordilleran" at Ethnologue, 23rd ed., 2020.