Minimal genome: Difference between revisions
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The concept of '''minimal genome''' implies that [[genome]]s can be reduced to a bare minimum, given that they contain many non-essential genes. These genes may be of little or no importance to the organism. Therefore, if a collection of all the essential genes were put together, a minimum genome can be created artificially. By adding genes back, the creation of an organism of desired properties is possible. The concept of minimal genome arose from existing species that are able to carry out all necessary biological functions with just a small number of essential genes. Such species have evolved in the [[Firmicutes]] taxon by massive genome reduction.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Essential genes of minimal bacterium|pmid=16407165}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|title=Minimal genome concept|pmid=10607608}}</ref> |
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In order to create a new organism a scientist must determine the minimal set of genes required for [[metabolism]] and [[Self-replication|replication]]. This can be achieved by experimental and computational analysis of the biochemical pathways needed to carry out basic metabolism and reproduction.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Kegg-Encyclopedia of genes and genomes|pmid=9847135}}</ref> A good model for a minimal genome is ''[[Mycoplasma genitalium]]'', an organism with the smallest known genome. Most genes that are used by this organism are usually considered essential for survival; based on this concept a minimal set of 256 genes has been proposed.<ref>{{cite journal|title=M.genitalium genome|pmid=10591650}}</ref> |
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==''Mycoplasma genitalium''== |
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#''Main Article'' ''[[Mycoplasma genitalium]]'' |
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''M.genitalium'' is a human urogenital pathogen which has the smallest genome of size 580 kb and it consists of only 482 protein-coding genes. |
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==Minimal Genome Projects== |
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Below is the table that contains a list of minimal genome projects conducted on these organisms by different techniques.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Minimal genome projects|pmid=12526847}}</ref> |
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{| class="wikitable sortable" |
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! Year |
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! Organism |
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! Method |
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|- |
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| 1996 |
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|''H.influenzae, E.coli'' |
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| In ''silico'' comparison of genomes |
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|- |
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| 1998 |
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| ''H.influenzae, S. pneumoniae'' |
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| Tn mutagenesis and DNA fingerprinting |
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|- |
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| 1999 |
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| ''M.genitalium'' |
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| Saturating Tn mutagenesis |
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|- |
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| 2000 |
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| ''V. cholerae'' |
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| Tn mutagenesis and arabinose promoter |
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|- |
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| 2001 |
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| S. aureus |
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| Antisense RNA |
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|- |
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| 2001 |
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| ''M. bovis'' |
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| Tn mutagenesis and microarray |
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|- |
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| 2002 |
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| ''H.influenzae'' |
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| Tn mutagenesis and DNA fingerprinting |
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|- |
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| 2002 |
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| ''Buchnera spp'' |
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| Sequence comparison |
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|- |
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| 2002 |
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| ''S.cervisiae'' |
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| Systematic gene deletion |
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|- |
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| 2002 |
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| ''S.aureus'' |
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| Antisense RNA |
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|- |
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| 2002 |
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| ''E. coli'' |
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| Red recombinase excision |
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|- |
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| 2002 |
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| ''E.coli'' |
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| Cre/''loxP'' excision |
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|- |
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|} |
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== References == |
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{{Reflist}} |
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* Essential genes of minimal bacterium {{Cite pmid|16407165}} |
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* Minimal genome concept{{Cite pmid|10607608}} |
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* Minimal genome projects{{Cite pmid|12526847}} |
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* {{cite journal|title=Kegg-Encyclopedia of genes and genomes|pmid=9847135}} |
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* {{cite journal|title=M.genitalium genome|pmid=10591650}} |
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