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Ghulam Hamdani Mas'hafi

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Ghulam Hamdani
Born1751
Amroha, Mughal Empire[1][2] (India)
Died1844 (aged 93)
Lucknow
OccupationUrdu poet
PeriodMughal era
GenreGhazal
SubjectLove, philosophy

Ghulam Hamdani (1751–1844), known by the takhallus (nom de plume) of Mas'hafi (مصحفی maṣḥafi), was an Urdu ghazal poet.[3]

Works

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Before his time, the language known as Hindi, Hindavi, Dehlavi, Dakhini, Lahori or Rekhta was commonly known as the Zaban-i-Ordu,[4] and commonly in local literature and speech, Lashkari Zaban or Lashkari.[5] Mashafi was the first person to simply shorten the latter name to Urdu.[6] He migrated to Lucknow during the reign of Asaf-ud-Daula. According to one source, his ghazals are full of pathos.[7]

He wrote Tazkira E Hindi in Persian language which demonstrates his skill in that tongue.[8] He also wrote in Hindavi also known as. Hindi poetry:

مصحفی فارسی کو طاق پہ رکھ

اب ہے اشعار ہندوی کا رواج[9]

Mushafi farsi ko taq pe rakh

Ab hai ashaar- e-Hindavi ka rivaj[10]

There are ten extant collections of his poems, but it is believed that he allowed others for a fee to publish his poems under their own authorship.[11] His personal life lacked discipline and his poetry reflects a level of sensuality.[12] He excelled in lyrics but also composed odes and romances.[13]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ Petievich, Carla. "Rekhti: Impersonating the feminine in Urdu poetry." (2001): 75-90.
  2. ^ Fatihi, A. R. "Semantic Space in Lesbian Lingo of REkhti."
  3. ^ The Princeton Encyclopedia of Poetry and poetics. Princeton University Press. 26 August 2012. p. 1499. ISBN 978-0691154916.
  4. ^ Maldonado Garcia, Maria Isabel. "The Urdu language reforms." Studies 26 (2011): 97.
  5. ^ Alyssa Ayres (23 July 2009). Speaking Like a State: Language and Nationalism in Pakistan. Cambridge University Press. p. 19. ISBN 9780521519311.
  6. ^ P.V. Kate (1987). Marathwada Under the Nizams. p. 136. ISBN 9788170990178.
  7. ^ Lucnow: the last phase of an oriental culture. Oxford University Press. 12 May 1994. p. 255. ISBN 9780195633757.
  8. ^ "Tazkira-e-Hindi by Mushafi Ghulam Hamdani | Rekhta". 15 October 2022. Archived from the original on 15 October 2022. Retrieved 15 October 2022.
  9. ^ "مصحفی غلام ہمدانی - شعر". Rekhta (in Urdu). Retrieved 15 October 2022.
  10. ^ "A Historical Perspective of Urdu | National Council for Promotion of Urdu Language". 15 October 2022. Archived from the original on 15 October 2022. Retrieved 15 October 2022.
  11. ^ Mujib Ashraf (1982). Muslim Attitudes towards British Rule…. University of Michigan. p. 203.
  12. ^ Abdul Jamil Khan (2006). Urdu/Hindi: An Artificial Divide. p. 189. ISBN 9780875864389.
  13. ^ Encyclopedia of Literature Vol.1. Philosophical Library. 1946. p. 570. ISBN 9780802215581.
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