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List of sovereign states in the 1930s

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This is a list of sovereign states in the 1930s, giving an overview of states around the world during the period between 1 January 1930 and 31 December 1939. It contains entries, arranged alphabetically, with information on the status and recognition of their sovereignty. It includes 77 widely recognized sovereign states, entities which were de facto sovereign but which were not widely recognized by other states, and 1 state which was initially unrecognized but then gained full recognition later in the decade.

Sovereign states

[edit]
Name and capital city Information on status and recognition of sovereignty

A

[edit]
→ Afghanistan – Kingdom of Afghanistan
Capital: Kabul 		Widely recognized independent state. LON member state (from 27 September 1934).
→ Albania – Albanian Kingdom (to April 12, 1939)
Capital: Tirana 		Widely recognized LON member state. Under occupation by Italy from April 12, 1939.
→ Andorra – Principality of Andorra
Capital: Andorra la Vella 		Widely recognized independent state.
 Argentina – Argentine Republic
Capital: Buenos Aires 		Widely recognized LON member state. Argentina was a federation of 15 provinces and 9 federal territories.[a] It had a claim over Argentine Antarctica. It also claimed the Falkland Islands and South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands, both of which were British crown colonies.
Aussa – Sultanate of Aussa (to 1936)
Capital: Aussa 		Widely recognized state. Annexed into Italian East Africa.
 Australia – Commonwealth of Australia
Capital: Canberra 		Widely recognized LON member state; Commonwealth realm. Australia was a federation of six states and three territories.[b] It had sovereignty over the following external territories:

Australia administered two League of Nations mandates:

  • Nauru (Administered by Australia, New Zealand and the United Kingdom)
  • New Guinea
→ Austria (to March 12, 1938)
Capital: Vienna 		Widely recognized LON member state. Annexed by Nazi Germany on March 12, 1938.

B

[edit]
 Belgium – Kingdom of Belgium
Capital: Brussels 		Widely recognized LON member state. Belgium had sovereignty over one colony and one concession:

Belgium administered one League of Nations mandate:

 Bolivia

Capital: Sucre (official), La Paz (administrative)

Widely recognized independent state.
Brazil Brazil
Capital: Rio de Janeiro 		Widely recognized independent state. Brazil was a federation of 20 states, one territory, and one federal district.[c]
Bulgaria Bulgaria – Kingdom of Bulgaria
Capital: Sofia 		Widely recognized LON member state.

C

[edit]
 Canada – Dominion of Canada
Capital: Ottawa 		Widely recognized LON member state; Commonwealth realm.
Chile
Capital: Santiago
  • Republic of Chile (to June 4, 1932)
  • Socialist Republic of Chile (from June 4 to September 13, 1932)
  • Republic of Chile (from September 13, 1932)
 Widely recognized LON member state; withdrew on May 14, 1938.
 China – Republic of China
Capital: Nanjing 		Widely recognized LON member state.
 Colombia – Republic of Colombia
Capital: Bogotá 		Widely recognized LON member state.
Costa Rica Costa Rica – Republic of Costa Rica
Capital: San José 		Widely recognized independent state.
 Cuba – Republic of Cuba
Capital: Havana 		Widely recognized LON member state.
 Czechoslovakia (to 14 March 1939)
Capital: Prague 		Widely recognized LON member state. Under occupation by Nazi Germany from 15 May 1939. A government in exile was regarded as the legitimate government by the Allies.

D

[edit]
 Danzig – Free City of Danzig (to 12 September 1939)
Capital: Danzig 		Widely recognized independent state. Annexed by Nazi Germany from 12 September 1939.
 Denmark – Kingdom of Denmark
Capital: Copenhagen 		Widely recognized LON member state. Denmark had sovereignty over one possession:
Dominican Republic Dominican Republic – Third Dominican Republic
Capital: Santo Domingo 		Widely recognized LON member state.

E

[edit]
Ecuador – Republic of Ecuador
Capital: Quito 		Widely recognized independent state. LON member state from September 28, 1934.
Kingdom of Egypt Egypt – Kingdom of Egypt
Capital: Cairo 		Widely recognized independent state. LON member state from May 26, 1937.
 El Salvador
Capital: San Salvador 		Widely recognized LON member state; withdrew on August 11, 1937.
Estonia Estonia – Republic of Estonia
Capital: Tallinn 		Widely recognized LON member state.
 Ethiopia – Ethiopian Empire (to 9 May 1936)
Capital: Addis Ababa 		Widely recognized LON member state. Under occupation by Italy from May 9, 1936, and annexed into Italian East Africa from June 1, 1936.

F

[edit]
 Finland – Republic of Finland
Capital: Helsinki 		Widely recognized LON member state.
France – French Republic
Capital: Paris 		Widely recognized LON member state. France administered the foreign affairs of the following colonies and protectorates:

France administered the following League of Nations mandates:

G

[edit]
→ → Germany
Capital: Berlin 		Widely recognized LON member state; withdrew on October 19, 1933.
→ Kingdom of Greece Greece
Capital: Athens 		Widely recognized LON member state.[1]
Guatemala – Republic of Guatemala
Capital: Guatemala City 		Widely recognized LON member state; withdrew on May 26, 1936.

H

[edit]
Haiti Haiti – Republic of Haiti
Capital: Port-au-Prince 		Widely recognized LON member state under United States occupation to August 1, 1934.
 Honduras
Capital: Tegucigalpa 		Widely recognized LON member state; withdrew on July 10, 1936.
 Hungary – Kingdom of Hungary
Capital: Budapest 		Widely recognized LON member state; withdrew on April 11, 1939.

I

[edit]
 Iceland – Kingdom of Iceland
Capital: Reykjavík 		Widely recognized independent state.
Persia / Iran
Capital: Tehran
  • Imperial State of Persia (to 21 March 1935)
  • Imperial State of Iran (from 21 March 1935)
 Widely recognized LON member state.
Iraq – Hashemite Kingdom of Iraq (from 3 October 1932)
Capital: Baghdad 		Widely recognized independent state. LON member state from October 3, 1932.
Ireland
Capital: Dublin 		Widely recognized LON member state; Commonwealth realm.
 Italy – Kingdom of Italy
Capital: Rome 		Widely recognized LON member state under fascism; withdrew on December 11, 1937. Italy had sovereignty over two colonies (four colonies until January 1934 and three colonies until June 1936) and three concessions:

J

[edit]
 Japan – Empire of Japan
Capital: Tokyo 		Widely recognized LON member state; withdrew on March 27, 1933. Japan had sovereignty over the following dependencies and concessions:

Japan administered one League of Nations mandate:

L

[edit]
 Latvia – Republic of Latvia
Capital: Riga 		Widely recognized LON member state.
 Liberia – Republic of Liberia
Capital: Monrovia 		Widely recognized LON member state.
→ Liechtenstein – Principality of Liechtenstein
Capital: Vaduz 		Widely recognized independent state.
Lithuania Lithuania – Republic of Lithuania
Capital: Kaunas 		Widely recognized LON member state.
 Luxembourg – Grand Duchy of Luxembourg
Capital: Luxembourg City 		Widely recognized LON member state.

M

[edit]
→  Mexico – United Mexican States
Capital: Mexico City 		Widely recognized independent state. LON member state from September 12, 1931; declared a member on September 12, 1931. Mexico had sovereignty over one territory:
 Monaco – Principality of Monaco
Capital: Monaco 		Widely recognized independent state.
 Muscat and Oman – Sultanate of Muscat and Oman
Capital: Muscat 		De jure independent state. De facto a British protectorate.

N

[edit]
Najran – Principality of Najran (to 1934)
Capital: Najran 		Widely recognized independent state.
→ → → Nejd and Hejaz – (personal union to 23 September 1932), Saudi Arabia (from September 23, 1932)
Capital: Riyadh 		Widely recognized independent state. Nejd and Hejaz had sovereignty over one protectorate:
  • Asir (to November 20, 1930)
Nepal → Nepal Nepal – Kingdom of Nepal
Capital: Kathmandu 		Widely recognized independent state.
Netherlands Netherlands – Kingdom of the Netherlands
Capital: Amsterdam 		Widely recognized LON member state. The Netherlands had sovereignty over three colonies:
Dominion of Newfoundland → United Kingdom Newfoundland – Dominion of Newfoundland (de facto to February 16, 1934)
Capital: St. John's 		Widely recognized independent state; de facto Commonwealth realm to February 16, 1934.
New Zealand – Dominion of New Zealand
Capital: Wellington 		Widely recognized LON member state; Commonwealth realm. New Zealand had sovereignty over four dependent territories:

New Zealand administered one League of Nations mandate:

 Nicaragua – Republic of Nicaragua
Capital: Managua 		Widely recognized LON member state under United States occupation to 1933; withdrew on June 27, 1936.
 Norway – Kingdom of Norway
Capital: Oslo 		Widely recognized LON member state. Norway had sovereignty over three uninhabited possessions:

P

[edit]
 Panama – Republic of Panama
Capital: Panama City 		Widely recognized LON member state.
 Paraguay – Republic of Paraguay
Capital: Asunción 		Widely recognized LON member state; withdrew on February 23, 1935.
 Peru
Capital: Lima 		Widely recognized LON member state; withdrew on April 8, 1939.
Poland – Republic of Poland (to 6 October 1939)
Capital: Warsaw 		Widely recognized LON member state. Under occupation by Nazi Germany from 6 October 1939. A government in exile was regarded as the legitimate government by the Allies.
Portugal
Capital: Lisbon 		Widely recognized LON member state. The following are colonies and possession of Portugal:

R

[edit]
 Romania – Kingdom of Romania
Capital: Bucharest 		Widely recognized LON member state.

S

[edit]
 San Marino – Most Serene Republic of San Marino
Capital: San Marino 		Widely recognized independent state.
Siam / Thailand
Capital: Bangkok
  • Kingdom of Siam (to 23 June 1939)
  • Kingdom of Thailand (from 23 June 1939)
 Widely recognized LON member state.
 South Africa – Union of South Africa
Capital: Pretoria (administrative), Cape Town (legislative), Pietermaritzburg (archival), Bloemfontein (judicial) 		Widely recognized LON member state; Commonwealth realm. South Africa administered one League of Nations mandate:
→ Soviet Union – Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
Capital: Moscow 		Widely recognized independent state. LON member state from September 18, 1934; expelled on December 14, 1939. The Soviet Union was a federation of seven (later 11) republics.[e]
→ → Francoist Spain Spain
Capital: Madrid (1930–1936), Valencia (1936–1937), Barcelona (1937–1939) 		Widely recognized LON member state; withdrew on May 9, 1939.[2] Spain had sovereignty over the following colonies and protectorate:
 Sweden – Kingdom of Sweden
Capital: Stockholm 		Widely recognized LON member state.
  Switzerland
Capital: Bern 		Widely recognized LON member state.

T

[edit]
Tibet
Capital: Lhasa 		De facto independent state. Claimed by the Republic of China.
Ottoman Empire → Turkey Turkey – Republic of Turkey
Capital: Ankara 		Widely recognized independent state. LON member state from July 18, 1932.

U

[edit]
 United Kingdom – United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
Capital: London 		Widely recognized LON member state. The United Kingdom had sovereignty over 62 colonies:

United Kingdom administered the following League of Nations mandates:

 United States – United States of America
Capital: Washington, D.C. 		Widely recognized independent state. The United States had sovereignty over 21 territories:
 Uruguay – Eastern Republic of Uruguay
Capital: Montevideo 		Widely recognized LON member state.

V

[edit]
 Vatican City – Vatican City State
Capital: Vatican City 		Widely recognized independent state.
→ Venezuela – United States of Venezuela
Capital: Caracas 		Widely recognized LON member state; withdrew on July 12, 1938.

Y

[edit]
Yemen – Mutawakkilite Kingdom of Yemen
Capital: Sana'a 		Widely recognized independent state.
 Yugoslavia – Kingdom of Yugoslavia
Capital: Belgrade 		Widely recognized independent state.

Other entities

[edit]

Excluded from the list above are the following noteworthy entities which either were not fully sovereign or did not claim to be independent:

Ararat – Republic of Ararat (to September 17, 1930)
Capital: Kurdava 		Unrecognized state.
 Asch – Free City of Asch (from September 22, 1938 to October 1938)
Capital: Asch 		Unrecognized state.
Asturias and León – Sovereign Council of Asturias and León[3] (from September 6, 1936 to October 21, 1937)
Capital: Gijón 		Unrecognized state.
Brazil, Socialist Republic of – Socialist Republic of Brazil (November 23 to 27, 1935)
Capital: Rio de Janeiro 		Unrecognized state. Claimed by Brazil after four days.
 Carpatho-Ukraine (from 30 December 1938 to 15 March 1939)
Capital: Khust 		Unrecognized state. Occupied by Hungary on March 15, 1939.
Catalonia Catalonia (from 14 to 17 April 1931 and from 6 to 7 October 1934)
Capital: Barcelona 		Self-declared state in 1931; became an autonomous government within the Spanish Republic, named Generalitat of Catalonia, from April 17, 1931. Self-declared revolutionary state in 1934 during the Events of 6 October.
China, Provisional Government of – Provisional Government of the Republic of China (from December 14, 1937)
Capital: Beiping 		Unrecognized state. Puppet state of Japan.
China, Reformed Government of – Reformed Government of the Republic of China (from March 28, 1938)
Capital: Nanjing 		Unrecognized state. Puppet state of Japan.
China, Soviet Republic of – Chinese Soviet Republic (from November 7, 1931 to September 22, 1937)
Capital: Ruijin (1931–1936), Bao'an (1936–1937), Yan'an (1937) 		Unrecognized state.
Democratic Finland – Finnish Democratic Republic (from December 1, 1939)
Capital: Helsinki (official), Terijoki (de facto) 		Partially recognized socialist republic. Puppet state of the Soviet Union.
East Hebei – East Hebei Autonomous Council (from November 25, 1935 to February 1, 1938)
Capital: Tungchow 		Unrecognized state. Puppet state of Japan.
East Turkestan – Turkish Islamic Republic of East Turkestan (from November 12, 1933 to February 6, 1934)
Capital: Kashgar 		De facto unrecognized independent state. De jure regional province of China.
Fujian People's Government (from November 22, 1933 to January 13, 1934)
Capital: Fuzhou, Zhangzhou 		Unrecognized state. Annexed by China on January 13, 1934.
 Hatay – Hatay State (from 7 September 1938 to 7 July 1939)
Capital: Antakya 		Transitional political state. Annexed by Turkey from 7 July 1939.
Jiangxi – Chinese Soviet Republic (from November 7, 1931 to September 22, 1937)
Capital: Ruijin (1931–1936), Bao'an (1936–1937), Yan'an (1937) 		Unrecognized state.
Korea, Provisional Government of – Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea
Capital-in-exile: Shanghai (to 1932), Hangzhou (1932–1935), Jiaxing (1935), Nanjing (1935–1937), Changsha (1937–1938), Canton (1938–1939), Qijiang (from 1939) 		Partially recognized Korean government-in-exile.
 Manchukuo (from February 18, 1932)
Capital: Xinjing
  • State of Manchuria (from February 18, 1932 to March 1, 1934)
  • Empire of Manchuria (from March 1, 1934)
 Puppet state of Japan.
 Mengjiang – Mengjiang United Autonomous Government (from September 1, 1939)
Capital: Kalgan 		Puppet state of Japan.
Mongolia – Mongolian People's Republic
Capital: Ulaanbaatar 		Satellite state of the Soviet Union.
Mongol Union (from May 12, 1936 to September 1, 1939)
Capital: Hohhot
  • Mongol Military Government (from May 12, 1936 to October 27, 1937)
  • Mongol United Autonomous Government (from October 27, 1937 to September 1, 1939)
 Puppet state of Japan. Became part of Mengjiang from September 1, 1939.
North Shanxi – North Shanxi Autonomous Government (from October 15, 1937 to September 1, 1939)
Capital: Datong 		Puppet state of Japan. Became part of Mengjiang from September 1, 1939.
Northwest Soviet Federation – Northwestern Federation of the Chinese Soviet Republic (from May 30, 1935 to July 1, 1936)
Capital: Mao County (to 1935), Barkam (to 1935), Jinchuan County (to 1935), Garzê County (from 1935 to 1936) 		Unrecognized state. A confederation of two ethnic minority governments including the Revolutionary Government of the Republic of Geledesha and the Tibetan People's Republic.
Shanghai – Great Way Municipal Government of Shanghai (from December 5, 1937 to May 3, 1938)
Capital: Pudong 		Puppet government of Japan.
Slovakia – Slovak Republic (from March 14, 1939)
Capital: Bratislava 		Client state of Nazi Germany recognized by several neutral states.
South Chahar – South Chahar Autonomous Government (from September 4, 1937 to September 1, 1939)
Capital: Kalgan 		Puppet state of Japan. Became part of Mengjiang from September 1, 1939.
→ → → Tannu Tuva – Tuvan People's Republic
Capital: Khem-Beldyr (renamed Kyzyl in 1926) 		Partially recognized socialist republic. Satellite state of the Soviet Union.
 Western Oromia – Western Galla Confederation[4] (to 1936)
Capital: Gore 		Unrecognized state.Rump Oromo state in western Ethiopia.

See also

[edit]

Notes

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  1. ^ 15 Provinces: Buenos Aires, Catamarca, Córdoba, Corrientes, Entre Ríos, Jujuy, La Pampa, La Rioja, Mendoza, Salta, San Juan, San Luis, Santa Fe, Santiago del Estero, Tucumán. 9 Territories: Buenos Aires, Chaco, Chubut, Formosa, Misiones, Neuquén, Río Negro, Santa Cruz, Tierra del Fuego.
  2. ^ 6 States: New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria, Western Australia. 3 Territories: Australian Capital Territory, Jervis Bay Territory, Northern Territory.
  3. ^ 20 States: Alagoas, Amazonas, Bahia, Ceará, Espírito Santo, Goiás, Maranhão, Mato Grosso, Minas Gerais, Pará, Paraíba, Paraná, Pernambuco, Piauí, Rio Grande do Norte, Rio Grande do Sul, Rio de Janeiro, Santa Catarina, São Paulo, Sergipe. 1 Territory: Acre. 1 federal district: Federal District.
  4. ^ Claimed by Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea (partially recognized government-in-exile).
  5. ^ Byelorussian SSR, Russian SFSR, Transcaucasian SFSR (to December 5, 1936), Ukrainian SSR, Uzbek SSR, Turkmen SSR, Tajik SSR, Armenian SSR (from December 5, 1936), Azerbaijan SSR (from December 5, 1936), Georgian SSR (from December 5, 1936), Kazakh SSR (from December 5, 1936), Kirghiz SSR (from December 5, 1936).

References

[edit]
  1. ^ The Kingdom of Greece had a fascist regime called the 4th of August Regime established on August 4, 1936.
  2. ^ The Kingdom of Spain had a government in exile from 4 April 1939.
  3. ^ Morán García Robes, Julio (1997). Las Humanidades en Acatlan – Asturias en la Guerra civil española. México D.F.: Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. p. 33. ISBN 9683650449. Retrieved 4 October 2013. (in Spanish)
  4. ^ Gebissa, Ezekiel (2002). "The Italian Invasion, the Ethiopian Empire, and Oromo Nationalism: The Significance of the Western Oromo Confederation of 1936". Northeast African Studies. 9 (3): 75–96. ISSN 0740-9133.
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