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List of submarine volcanoes

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Map of world's major seamounts.

A list of active and extinct submarine volcanoes and seamounts located under the world's oceans. There are estimated to be 40,000 to 55,000 seamounts in the global oceans.[1] Almost all are not well-mapped and many may not have been identified at all. Most are unnamed and unexplored. This list is therefore confined to seamounts that are notable enough to have been named and/or explored.

List

[edit]
Name Summit Elevation Approximate elevation
above seafloor		 Location Coordinates Last known eruption
Adams Seamount −39 m (−128 ft)[2] 3,500 m (11,000 ft)  Pitcairn Islands 25°22′S 129°16′W / 25.37°S 129.27°W / -25.37; -129.27 50 BC ± 1000 years
Ampère Seamount −55 m (−180 ft) 4,445 m (15,000 ft)  Portugal 35°05′N 12°33′W / 35.08°N 12.55°W / 35.08; -12.55
Axial Seamount −1,400 m (−4,590 ft)  United States 45°33′N 130°00′W / 45.55°N 130.00°W / 45.55; -130.00 2015
Banc Capel  France 24°45.70′S 159°42.13′E / 24.76167°S 159.70217°E / -24.76167; 159.70217
Banua Wuhu −5 m (−16 ft)[3] 400 m (1,300 ft)  Indonesia 3°08′17″N 125°29′28″E / 3.138°N 125.491°E / 3.138; 125.491 1919
Bear Seamount −1,100 m (−3,610 ft) 2,000 m (6,560 ft)  United States 39°55′N 67°24′W / 39.92°N 67.4°W / 39.92; -67.4
Boomerang Seamount −650 m (−2,130 ft)  French Southern and Antarctic Lands 37°43′18″S 77°49′20″E / 37.7216°S 77.8221°E / -37.7216; 77.8221 1995
Bounty Seamount −450 m (−1,480 ft) 3,950 m (13,000 ft)  Pitcairn Islands 25°11′S 129°23′W / 25.183°S 129.383°W / -25.183; -129.383
Bowie Seamount −24 m (−79 ft) 3,000 m (9,800 ft)  Canada 53°18′N 135°38′W / 53.3°N 135.63°W / 53.3; -135.63 18,000 BP
Brothers Volcano −1,350 m (−4,430 ft)  New Zealand 34°52′30″S 179°04′30″E / 34.875°S 179.075°E / -34.875; 179.075
Campi Flegrei Mar Sicilia −8 m (−26 ft)[4]  Italy 37°06′N 12°42′E / 37.1°N 12.7°E / 37.1; 12.7 1867
Clark −860 m (−2,820 ft)  New Zealand 36°27′58″S 177°50′20″E / 36.466°S 177.839°E / -36.466; 177.839
Cobb Seamount −34 m (−110 ft) 2,743 m (8,999 ft)  United States 46°44′N 130°47′W / 46.733°N 130.783°W / 46.733; -130.783
Coleman Seamount −717 m (−2,400 ft)  Solomon Islands 8°50′28″S 157°09′36″E / 8.841°S 157.16°E / -8.841; 157.16
Cortes Bank −1 m (−3.3 ft)  United States 32°28′41″N 119°12′54″W / 32.478°N 119.215°W / 32.478; -119.215
Cotton Volcano −950 m (−3,120 ft)  New Zealand 35°03′S 178°59′E / 35.05°S 178.99°E / -35.05; 178.99
Dom João de Castro Bank −14 m (−46 ft)  Portugal 38°14′N 26°38′W / 38.23°N 26.63°W / 38.23; -26.63 1720
Empedocles −7 m (−23 ft) 400 m (1,300 ft)  Italy 37°09′49″N 12°43′07″E / 37.16361°N 12.71861°E / 37.16361; 12.71861
Emperor of China −2,850 m (−9,350 ft)  Indonesia 6°37′S 124°13′E / 6.62°S 124.22°E / -6.62; 124.22
Ferdinandea Island −8 m (−26 ft)[5] 63 m (207 ft)  Italy 37°10′N 12°43′E / 37.167°N 12.717°E / 37.167; 12.717 1863
Fonuafoʻou −17 m (−55.8 ft)  Tonga 20°19′S 175°25′W / 20.32°S 175.42°W / -20.32; -175.42 1993
Foundation Seamounts South Pacific Ocean 35°S 120°W / 35°S 120°W / -35; -120 2001
Fukutoku-Okanoba −29 m (−95 ft)[6]  Japan 24°16′48″N 141°29′06″E / 24.28°N 141.485°E / 24.28; 141.485 2021[citation needed]
Giggenbach Volcano −65 m (−213 ft)  New Zealand 30°02′10″S 178°42′43″E / 30.036°S 178.712°E / -30.036; 178.712
Gorringe Ridge −25 m (−82 ft)  Portugal 36°28′36″N 11°35′1″W / 36.47667°N 11.58361°W / 36.47667; -11.58361
Graveyard Seamounts −750 m (−2,460 ft) −400 m (−1,310 ft)  New Zealand 42°45′S 180°0′W / 42.750°S 180.000°W / -42.750; -180.000 Cenozoic
Hankow Reef −5 m (−16.4 ft)  Papua New Guinea 4°52′59″S 146°43′01″E / 4.883°S 146.717°E / -4.883; 146.717
Havre Seamount −720 m (−2,360 ft) 1,030 m (3,400 ft)  New Zealand 31°07′S 179°00′W / 31.11°S 179.00°W / -31.11; -179.00 2012
Healy −980 m (−3,220 ft)  New Zealand 34°59′S 179°00′E / 34.98°S 179.00°E / -34.98; 179.00 1360
Hebrides Terrace Seamount −980 m (−3,220 ft) 1,400 m (4,593 ft)  United Kingdom 56°17′N 10°10′W / 56.28°N 10.17°W / 56.28; -10.17 Cenozoic
Home Reef −10 m (−33 ft)[7]  Tonga 18°59′28″S 174°45′47″W / 18.99111°S 174.76306°W / -18.99111; -174.76306 2006
Jasper Seamount −70 m (−230 ft) 3,300 m (10,827 ft)  Mexico 30°26.40′N 122°44.40′W / 30.44000°N 122.74000°W / 30.44000; -122.74000
Kana Keoki −700 m (−2,300 ft) 3,000 m (9,843 ft)  Solomon Islands 8°45′S 157°02′E / 8.75°S 157.03°E / -8.75; 157.03
Kamaʻehuakanaloa Seamount (Lōʻihi) −969 m (−3,180 ft) 3,000 m (9,840 ft)  United States 18°55′N 155°16′W / 18.92°N 155.27°W / 18.92; -155.27 1996
Kavachi −20 m (−66 ft)  Solomon Islands 8°59′28″S 157°58′44″E / 8.991°S 157.979°E / -8.991; 157.979 2014
Kelvin Seamount  United States 38°29′N 63°35′W / 38.48°N 63.59°W / 38.48; -63.59
Kemp Caldera −80 m (−262 ft)[8]  United Kingdom 59°42′S 28°15′W / 59.700°S 28.250°W / -59.700; -28.250
Kick 'em Jenny −185 m (−607 ft) 1,300 m (4,270 ft)  Grenada 12°18′N 61°38′W / 12.30°N 61.64°W / 12.30; -61.64 2015
Kolumbo −10 m (−33 ft)  Greece 36°31′00″N 25°29′30″E / 36.51667°N 25.49167°E / 36.51667; 25.49167 1650
Kurose Hole −114 m (−374 ft)  Japan 33°24′N 139°41′E / 33.4°N 139.68°E / 33.4; 139.68
Kuwae −4 m (−13.1 ft)  Vanuatu 16°51′S 168°31′E / 16.85°S 168.52°E / -16.85; 168.52
Macdonald seamount −40 m (−131 ft) 4,200 m (13,800 ft)  French Polynesia 28°58.7′S 140°15.5′W / 28.9783°S 140.2583°W / -28.9783; -140.2583 1989
Marsili −450 m (−1,480 ft) 3,000 m (9,800 ft)  Italy 39°15′00″N 14°23′40″E / 39.25000°N 14.39444°E / 39.25000; 14.39444
Moai 2,500 m (8,200 ft)  Easter Island 27°06′S 109°51′W / 27.1°S 109.85°W / -27.1; -109.85 100,000 BCE
Monaco Bank −197 m (−646 ft)  Portugal 37°36′N 25°53′W / 37.6°N 25.88°W / 37.6; -25.88 1911
Monowai Seamount −132 m (−433 ft)  New Zealand 25°53′13″S 177°11′17″W / 25.887°S 177.188°W / -25.887; -177.188 2008
Muirfield Seamount −16 m (−52.5 ft) 4,800 m (16,000 ft)  Australia 13°13′30″S 96°7′30″E / 13.22500°S 96.12500°E / -13.22500; 96.12500
Myōjin-shō −11 m (−36.1 ft)  Japan 31°55.1′N 140°1.3′E / 31.9183°N 140.0217°E / 31.9183; 140.0217
Nadir Seamount −900 m (−3,000 ft)[9]  Guinea 8°45′N 16°55′W / 8.750°N 16.917°W / 8.750; -16.917
Nieuwerkerk −2,285 m (−7,500 ft)  Indonesia 6°36′00″S 124°40′30″E / 6.60°S 124.675°E / -6.60; 124.675
Ōmurodashi  Japan 34°32′48″N 139°26′30″E / 34.54667°N 139.44167°E / 34.54667; 139.44167 active
Orca Seamount 500 m (1,640 ft)  British Antarctic Territory 62°26′00″S 58°24′00″W / 62.433334°S 58.400002°W / -62.433334; -58.400002 inactive
Palinuro Seamount 70 m (230 ft)  Italy 39°29′04″N 14°49′44″E / 39.48455°N 14.82892°E / 39.48455; 14.82892 8040 BCE
Patton Seamount −160 m (−520 ft)[10] 3,900 m (12,795 ft)  United States 54°34.80′N 150°26.40′W / 54.58000°N 150.44000°W / 54.58000; -150.44000 33 Million Years Ago
Protector Shoal −55 m (−180 ft) 1,200 m (3,900 ft)  South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands 56°01′S 28°25′W / 56.017°S 28.417°W / -56.017; -28.417 1962
Pukao 2,500 m (8,200 ft)  Easter Island 26°55′56″S 110°14′56″W / 26.9323°S 110.2490°W / -26.9323; -110.2490
Rumble I −1,100 m (−3,610 ft)  New Zealand 35°30′S 178°54′E / 35.5°S 178.9°E / -35.5; 178.9
Rumble II −880 m (−2,890 ft)  New Zealand 35°24′S 178°36′E / 35.4°S 178.6°E / -35.4; 178.6
Rumble III −140 m (−459 ft)  New Zealand 35°44′42″S 178°28′41″E / 35.745°S 178.478°E / -35.745; 178.478 1986
Rumble IV −450 m (−1,480 ft)  New Zealand 36°08′S 178°03′E / 36.13°S 178.05°E / -36.13; 178.05
Rumble V −1,100 m (−3,610 ft)  New Zealand 36°08′20″S 178°11′49″E / 36.139°S 178.197°E / -36.139; 178.197
Sedlo Seamount −660 m (−2,170 ft) 2,340 m (7,680 ft)  Azores 40°12.8′N 26°15.8′W / 40.2133°N 26.2633°W / 40.2133; -26.2633
Sofugan 99 m (320 ft) 2,200 m (7,218 ft)  Japan 29°47′38″N 140°20′31″E / 29.794°N 140.342°E / 29.794; 140.342
Submarine 1922 −5,000 m (−16,400 ft)  Indonesia 3°58′N 124°10′E / 3.97°N 124.17°E / 3.97; 124.17
Submarine Volcano NNE of Iriomotejima −200 m (−660 ft)  Japan 24°34′N 123°56′E / 24.57°N 123.93°E / 24.57; 123.93 1924
Suiyo Seamount −1,418 m (−4,650 ft)  Japan 28°36′0″N 140°38′0″E / 28.60000°N 140.63333°E / 28.60000; 140.63333
Supply Reef −8 m (−26 ft)[11]  Northern Mariana Islands 20°08′N 145°06′E / 20.13°N 145.1°E / 20.13; 145.1[11] 1989[11]
Tagoro  Spain 27°36′55″N 18°01′35″W / 27.6153°N 18.0264°W / 27.6153; -18.0264 2011
Taney Seamounts  United States 20°07′48″N 125°20′15″E / 20.13°N 125.3375°E / 20.13; 125.3375
Tangaroa −600 m (−1,970 ft)  New Zealand 36°19′16″S 178°01′41″E / 36.321°S 178.028°E / -36.321; 178.028
Tuzo Wilson Seamounts  Canada 51°24′N 130°54′W / 51.4°N 130.9°W / 51.4; -130.9 Holocene
Vailuluʻu −590 m (−1,940 ft)  American Samoa 14°12′54″S 169°3′30″W / 14.21500°S 169.05833°W / -14.21500; -169.05833
Vavilov −800 m (−2,600 ft)  Italy 39°52′N 12°35′E / 39.86°N 12.59°E / 39.86; 12.59
Vema seamount −26 m (−85 ft) 4,900 m (16,100 ft) South Atlantic Ocean 31°38′S 8°20′E / 31.633°S 8.333°E / -31.633; 8.333 11 Million Years Ago
Volcano W −900 m (−2,950 ft)  New Zealand 31°51′S 179°11′E / 31.85°S 179.18°E / -31.85; 179.18
Unnamed volcano (Ibugos) −24 m (−79 ft)  Philippines 20°20′N 121°45′E / 20.33°N 121.75°E / 20.33; 121.75 1854
Walters Shoals −18 m (−59.1 ft) 4,750 m (15,580 ft) Indian Ocean 33°12′S 43°50′E / 33.200°S 43.833°E / -33.200; 43.833
Walvis Ridge −1,200 m (−3,940 ft) South Atlantic 32°57′29″S 5°13′12″W / 32.958°S 5.22°W / -32.958; -5.22 2002
West Mata −1,100 m (−3,610 ft)  Tonga 15°06′S 173°45′W / 15.1°S 173.75°W / -15.1; -173.75 2009
Whakatāne Seamount −900 m (−2,950 ft)  New Zealand 36°49′S 177°28′E / 36.817°S 177.467°E / -36.817; 177.467
Wright −750 m (−2,460 ft)  New Zealand 31°30′S 179°12′E / 31.5°S 179.2°E / -31.5; 179.2
Yersey −3,800 m (−12,500 ft)  Indonesia 7°32′S 123°57′E / 7.53°S 123.95°E / -7.53; 123.95

See also

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References

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  1. ^ Kim, Seung-Sep; Wessel, Paul (2011). "New global seamount census from altimetry-derived gravity data". Geophysical Journal International. 186 (2): 615–631. Bibcode:2011GeoJI.186..615K. doi:10.1111/j.1365-246X.2011.05076.x.
  2. ^ "Adams Seamount". Global Volcanism Program. Smithsonian Institution. Retrieved 2017-02-28.
  3. ^ "Banua Wuhu". Global Volcanism Program. Smithsonian Institution. Retrieved 2017-02-28.
  4. ^ "Campi Flegrei Mar Sicilia". Global Volcanism Program. Smithsonian Institution. Retrieved 2017-02-28.
  5. ^ Bird, Maryann (20 March 2000). "Fire from the Sea". Time magazine. Archived from the original on 2011-12-14. Retrieved 4 January 2018.
  6. ^ "Fukutoku-Oka-no-Ba". Global Volcanism Program. Smithsonian Institution. Retrieved 2017-02-28.
  7. ^ "Home Reef". Global Volcanism Program. Smithsonian Institution. Retrieved 2017-02-28.
  8. ^ Leat, P. T.; Pearce, J. A.; Barker, P. F.; Millar, I. L.; Barry, T. L.; Larter, R. D. (30 October 2004). "Magma genesis and mantle flow at a subducting slab edge: the South Sandwich arc-basin system". Earth and Planetary Science Letters. 227 (1): 17–35. Bibcode:2004E&PSL.227...17L. doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2004.08.016. ISSN 0012-821X.
  9. ^ "Marine Gazetteer Placedetails". www.marineregions.org/gazetteer. Retrieved 26 September 2022. MRGID 5093
  10. ^ Chaytor, J. D.; Keller, R. A.; Duncan, R. A.; Dziak, R. P. (2007). "Seamount morphology in the Bowie and Cobb hot spot trails, Gulf of Alaska". Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. 8 (9): Q09016. Bibcode:2007GGG.....8.9016C. doi:10.1029/2007GC001712.
  11. ^ a b c "Supply Reef". Global Volcanism Program. Smithsonian Institution. Retrieved 2017-03-03.
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