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Kvinnherad

Coordinates: 59°55′41″N 06°02′13″E / 59.92806°N 6.03694°E / 59.92806; 6.03694
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Kvinnherad Municipality
Kvinnherad kommune
Municipality
Kvinnherred herred[1]  (historic name)
Quindherred herred  (historic name)
View of the Husnes area
View of the Husnes area
Flag of Kvinnherad Municipality
Flag
Coat of arms of Kvinnherad Municipality
Coat of arms
Vestland within Norway
Vestland within Norway
Kvinnherad within Vestland
Kvinnherad within Vestland
Coordinates: 59°55′41″N 06°02′13″E / 59.92806°N 6.03694°E / 59.92806; 6.03694
CountryNorway
CountyVestland
DistrictSunnhordland
Established1 Jan 1838
 • Created asFormannskapsdistrikt
Administrative centreRosendal
Government
 • Mayor (2023)Vegard Bjørnevik (H)
Area
 • Total1,090.75 km2 (421.14 sq mi)
 • Land1,042.67 km2 (402.58 sq mi)
 • Water48.08 km2 (18.56 sq mi)  4.4%
 • Rank#104 in Norway
Population
 (2023)
 • Total13,058
 • Rank#93 in Norway
 • Density12.5/km2 (32/sq mi)
 • Change (10 years)
Decrease −1.9%
DemonymKvinnhering[2]
Official language
[3]
 • Norwegian formNynorsk
Time zoneUTC+01:00 (CET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+02:00 (CEST)
ISO 3166 codeNO-4617[4]
WebsiteOfficial website
Data from Statistics Norway

Kvinnherad is a municipality in Vestland county, Norway. It is located in the traditional district of Sunnhordland, along the Hardangerfjorden. The municipality was the 5th in size in former Hordaland county.[5]

The administrative centre of the municipality is the village of Rosendal. The largest village is Husnes, with about 6,000 people living in or near the village. Other villages include Ænes, Åkra, Dimmelsvik, Eidsvik, Hatlestrand, Herøysund, Høylandsbygd, Ølve, Sæbøvik, Sundal, Sunde, Uskedal, and Valen.

The 1,091-square-kilometre (421 sq mi) municipality is the 104th largest by area out of the 356 municipalities in Norway. Kvinnherad is the 93rd most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 13,058. The municipality's population density is 12.5 inhabitants per square kilometre (32/sq mi) and its population has decreased by 1.9% over the previous 10-year period.[6][7]

In the southern part of Kvinnherad you will find the typical fjord landscape of western Norway. The areas of Mauranger and Rosendal are said to have about the most beautiful fjord landscape of Hardanger as a whole: narrow fjords, wild water-falls, and the nearby Folgefonna, the third biggest glacier in Norway.[5]

General information

[edit]
View of the Sæbøvik area
View of Halsnøy Abbey
The 13th century Ænes Church

The parish of Qvindherred was established as a municipality on 1 January 1838 (see formannskapsdistrikt law). On 1 January 1907, a small area northwest of the villages of Ølve and Husa (population: 67) was transferred from neighboring Tysnes municipality to Kvinnherad. During the 1960s, there were many municipal mergers across Norway due to the work of the Schei Committee. On 1 January 1965, the following areas were merged into one large municipality of Kvinnherad:[8]

On 1 January 2013, the southwestern part of the Folgefonna peninsula (south of Kysnesstranda) was transferred from Kvinnherad to the neighboring Jondal municipality. This removed forty residents and 37.1 square kilometres (14.3 sq mi) of land area from the municipality.[9]

Name

[edit]

The municipality (originally the parish) is named after the old name for the area (Old Norse: Kvinnaherað). The first element may be derived from the word tvinnr which means "double", likely referring to the two rivers running through Rosendal, the administrative centre of the municipality. The last element is herað which means "district" or "countryside".[10] The municipal name has been spelled several ways throughout history. Before 1889, the name was written Quindherred, then in 1889 the spelling was "modernized" to Kvinnherred. At that time, all municipalities in Norway were titled herred (which was used similarly to the word "municipality"), so it was formally named Kvinnherred herred, which looked a little repetitive.[1] On 3 November 1917, a royal resolution changed the spelling of the name of the municipality to Kvinnherad.[11]

Coat of arms

[edit]

The coat of arms was granted on 18 June 1982. The official blazon is "Argent, a pall wavy azure" (Norwegian: På kvit grunn ein blå gaffelkross laga med bølgjesnitt). This means the arms have a field (background) has a tincture of argent which means it is commonly colored white, but if it is made out of metal, then silver is used. The ordinary is a pall with wavy edges. The design of the arms show the confluence of two blue rivers into one on a white or silver background. The rivers symbolize the many streams and rivers in the municipality, especially the Hattebergselvi and the Melselvi, that come together just before they run into the sea at Rosendal. The arms were designed by Truls Nygaard, after a proposal by Magnus Hardeland. The municipal flag has the same design as the coat of arms.[12][13][14]

Churches

[edit]

The Church of Norway has nine parishes (sokn) within the municipality of Kvinnherad. It is part of the Sunnhordland prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Bjørgvin.

Churches in Kvinnherad
Parish (sokn) Church name Location of the church Year built
Fjelberg og Eid Eid Church Eidsvik 1824
Fjelberg Church Fjelbergøya 1722
Hatlestrand Hatlestrand Church Hatlestrand 1885
Husnes og Holmedal Holmedal Church Utåker 1815
Husnes Church Husnes 1874
Valen Church Valen 1978
Kvinnherad Kvinnherad Church Rosendal c. 1250
Uskedalen Uskedalen Church Uskedal 1914
Varaldsøy Varaldsøy Church Varaldsøy 1885
Ænes Ænes Church Ænes c. 1200
Ølve Ølve Church Ølve 1861
Åkra Åkra Church Åkra 1735

Economy

[edit]

The economy of Kvinnherad is based on the rich water resources within its boundaries. This includes power production, aluminium production (Sør-Norge Aluminium), fish farming, shipbuilding (Eidsvik Skipsbyggeri, Hellesøy Verft, Bergen Group Halsnøy), and lifeboat production (Umoe Schat-Harding, Norsafe, Eide Marine Tech, Noreq). These industries are spread throughout the municipality.

Kvinnherad has two local newspapers, Kvinnheringen and Grenda, as well as a local TV channel, TV Sydvest.

Government

[edit]

Kvinnherad Municipality is responsible for primary education (through 10th grade), outpatient health services, senior citizen services, welfare and other social services, zoning, economic development, and municipal roads and utilities. The municipality is governed by a municipal council of directly elected representatives. The mayor is indirectly elected by a vote of the municipal council.[15] The municipality is under the jurisdiction of the Haugaland og Sunnhordland District Court and the Gulating Court of Appeal.

Municipal council

[edit]

The municipal council (Kommunestyre) of Kvinnherad is made up of 35 representatives that are elected to four year terms. The tables below show the current and historical composition of the council by political party.

Kvinnherad kommunestyre 2023–2027 [16]  
Party name (in Nynorsk) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeidarpartiet) 6
  Progress Party (Framstegspartiet) 3
  Green Party (Miljøpartiet Dei Grøne) 1
  Conservative Party (Høgre) 9
  Industry and Business Party (Industri‑ og Næringspartiet) 5
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristeleg Folkeparti) 2
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 5
  Socialist Left Party (Sosialistisk Venstreparti) 3
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 1
Total number of members:35
Kvinnherad kommunestyre 2019–2023 [17]  
Party name (in Nynorsk) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeidarpartiet) 7
  Progress Party (Framstegspartiet) 3
  Green Party (Miljøpartiet Dei Grøne) 2
  Conservative Party (Høgre) 9
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristeleg Folkeparti) 2
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 8
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 1
  Joint list of the Red Party (Raudt) and the Socialist Left Party (Sosialistisk Venstreparti) 3
Total number of members:35
Kvinnherad kommunestyre 2015–2019 [18]  
Party name (in Nynorsk) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeidarpartiet) 8
  Progress Party (Framstegspartiet) 3
  Green Party (Miljøpartiet Dei Grøne) 1
  Conservative Party (Høgre) 12
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristeleg Folkeparti) 2
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 6
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 1
  Joint list of the Red Party (Raudt) and the Socialist Left Party (Sosialistisk Venstreparti) 2
Total number of members:35
Kvinnherad kommunestyre 2011–2015 [19]  
Party name (in Nynorsk) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeidarpartiet) 9
  Progress Party (Framstegspartiet) 5
  Conservative Party (Høgre) 11
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristeleg Folkeparti) 3
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 3
  Socialist Left Party (Sosialistisk Venstreparti) 1
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 2
  Population Party (Innbyggjarpartiet) 1
Total number of members:35
Kvinnherad kommunestyre 2007–2011 [18]  
Party name (in Nynorsk) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeidarpartiet) 7
  Progress Party (Framstegspartiet) 5
  Conservative Party (Høgre) 4
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristeleg Folkeparti) 3
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 4
  Socialist Left Party (Sosialistisk Venstreparti) 1
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 5
  Population Party (Innbyggjarpartiet) 1
 Cross-Party Common List (Tverrpolitisk samlingsliste)1
 Independent Centre (Uavhengig sentrum)1
Total number of members:35
Kvinnherad kommunestyre 2003–2007 [18]  
Party name (in Nynorsk) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeidarpartiet) 8
  Progress Party (Framstegspartiet) 8
  Conservative Party (Høgre) 4
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristeleg Folkeparti) 3
  Red Electoral Alliance (Raud Valallianse) 1
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 9
  Socialist Left Party (Sosialistisk Venstreparti) 3
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 2
 Cross-Party Common List (Tverrpolitisk samlingsliste)7
Total number of members:45
Kvinnherad kommunestyre 1999–2003 [18]  
Party name (in Nynorsk) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeidarpartiet) 11
  Progress Party (Framstegspartiet) 5
  Conservative Party (Høgre) 4
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristeleg Folkeparti) 5
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 8
  Socialist Left Party (Sosialistisk Venstreparti) 3
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 2
 Cross-Party Common List (Tverrpolitisk samlingsliste)7
Total number of members:45
Kvinnherad kommunestyre 1995–1999 [20]  
Party name (in Nynorsk) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeidarpartiet) 11
  Progress Party (Framstegspartiet) 3
  Conservative Party (Høgre) 2
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristeleg Folkeparti) 4
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 11
  Socialist Left Party (Sosialistisk Venstreparti) 2
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 1
 Cross-party common list (Tverrpolitisk samlingsliste)11
Total number of members:45
Kvinnherad kommunestyre 1991–1995 [21]  
Party name (in Nynorsk) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeidarpartiet) 6
  Progress Party (Framstegspartiet) 2
  Conservative Party (Høgre) 3
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristeleg Folkeparti) 4
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 13
  Socialist Left Party (Sosialistisk Venstreparti) 3
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 1
 Cross-party common list (Tverrpolitisk samlingsliste)13
Total number of members:45
Kvinnherad kommunestyre 1987–1991 [22]  
Party name (in Nynorsk) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeidarpartiet) 11
  Progress Party (Framstegspartiet) 3
  Conservative Party (Høgre) 8
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristeleg Folkeparti) 6
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 12
  Socialist Left Party (Sosialistisk Venstreparti) 3
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 2
Total number of members:45
Kvinnherad kommunestyre 1983–1987 [23]  
Party name (in Nynorsk) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeidarpartiet) 11
  Progress Party (Framstegspartiet) 2
  Conservative Party (Høgre) 11
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristeleg Folkeparti) 7
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 10
  Socialist Left Party (Sosialistisk Venstreparti) 2
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 2
Total number of members:45
Kvinnherad kommunestyre 1979–1983 [24]  
Party name (in Nynorsk) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeidarpartiet) 9
  Conservative Party (Høgre) 12
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristeleg Folkeparti) 8
  New People's Party (Nye Folkepartiet) 1
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 11
  Socialist Left Party (Sosialistisk Venstreparti) 1
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 2
 Election list for Halsnøy and the Fjellberg islands
 (Valliste for Halsnøy og Fjellbergøyane)		1
Total number of members:45
Kvinnherad kommunestyre 1975–1979 [25]  
Party name (in Nynorsk) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeidarpartiet) 11
  Conservative Party (Høgre) 6
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristeleg Folkeparti) 10
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 12
  Socialist Left Party (Sosialistisk Venstreparti) 1
  Joint list of the Liberal Party (Venstre) and
New People's Party (Nye Folkepartiet)		 3
 Hatlestrand's list (Hatlestrand si liste)1
 Ølve's list (Ølve si liste)1
Total number of members:45
Kvinnherad kommunestyre 1971–1975 [26]  
Party name (in Nynorsk) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeidarpartiet) 13
  Conservative Party (Høgre) 4
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristeleg Folkeparti) 5
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 11
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 6
  Local List(s) (Lokale lister) 6
Total number of members:45
Kvinnherad kommunestyre 1967–1971 [27]  
Party name (in Nynorsk) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeidarpartiet) 11
  Conservative Party (Høgre) 4
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristeleg Folkeparti) 6
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 11
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 6
  Local List(s) (Lokale lister) 7
Total number of members:45
Kvinnherad kommunestyre 1963–1967 [28]  
Party name (in Nynorsk) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeidarpartiet) 11
  Conservative Party (Høgre) 3
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristeleg Folkeparti) 5
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 12
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 6
Total number of members:37
Kvinnherad heradsstyre 1959–1963 [29]  
Party name (in Nynorsk) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeidarpartiet) 6
  Conservative Party (Høgre) 3
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristeleg Folkeparti) 6
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 12
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 10
Total number of members:37
Kvinnherad heradsstyre 1955–1959 [30]  
Party name (in Nynorsk) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeidarpartiet) 2
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristeleg Folkeparti) 2
  Local List(s) (Lokale lister) 33
Total number of members:37
Kvinnherad heradsstyre 1951–1955 [31]  
Party name (in Nynorsk) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeidarpartiet) 4
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristeleg Folkeparti) 2
  Local List(s) (Lokale lister) 34
Total number of members:40
Kvinnherad heradsstyre 1947–1951 [32]  
Party name (in Nynorsk) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeidarpartiet) 5
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristeleg Folkeparti) 3
  Local List(s) (Lokale lister) 32
Total number of members:40
Kvinnherad heradsstyre 1945–1947 [33]  
Party name (in Nynorsk) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeidarpartiet) 8
  Local List(s) (Lokale lister) 32
Total number of members:40
Kvinnherad heradsstyre 1937–1941* [34]  
Party name (in Nynorsk) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeidarpartiet) 4
  Conservative Party (Høgre) 2
  Joint List(s) of Non-Socialist Parties (Borgarlege Felleslister) 4
  Local List(s) (Lokale lister) 30
Total number of members:40
Note: Due to the German occupation of Norway during World War II, no elections were held for new municipal councils until after the war ended in 1945.

Mayors

[edit]

The mayors (Nynorsk: ordførar) of Kvinnherad:[35]

  • 1838–1845: Elias Børge Unger
  • 1846–1849: Christian Lerche Dahl
  • 1850–1851: Gabriel Andreas Heiberg
  • 1852–1855: Samson Torsen Stueland
  • 1856–1857: Christian Lerche Dahl
  • 1858–1861: Hans H. Helland
  • 1862–1862: O. Matthiesen
  • 1862–1865: Ole L. Berget
  • 1866–1867: Lars Olsen Skeie
  • 1868–1869: Hans H. Helland
  • 1870–1873: Clemmet Gerhardsen Roalstveit
  • 1874–1875: Michael L. Langballe
  • 1876–1881: Ole Andreas Olsen (V)
  • 1882–1885: Godskalk Knudsen Aarsand (V)
  • 1886–1893: Andreas Lavik (MV)
  • 1894–1898: Ivar Arnesen (V)
  • 1899–1916: Axel Lea (V)
  • 1917–1941: Ingemar Traavik (Bp)
  • 1942–1945: Einar Tvedt (NS)
  • 1945–1949: Ingemar Traavik (Bp)
  • 1949–1955: Lars Eikeland (V)
  • 1956–1959: Magnus Aksnes (V)
  • 1960–1963: Knut Skaaluren (Sp)
  • 1964–1971: Berge Sæberg (Sp)
  • 1972–1975: Jens Arnesen (H)
  • 1976–1979: Berge Sæberg (Sp)
  • 1980–1985: Jens Arnesen (H)
  • 1986–1993: Thorleif J. Hellesøy (Sp)
  • 1994–1995: Eirik Meyer Eide (KrF)
  • 1995–2003: Aksel Kloster (Ap)
  • 2003–2007: Bjarne Berge (LL)
  • 2007–2015: Synnøve Solbakken (Ap)
  • 2015–2019: Peder Sjo Slettebø (H)
  • 2019–2021: Hans Inge Myrvold (Sp)
  • 2021–2023: Hilde Enstad (Ap)
  • 2023-present: Vegard Bjørnevik (H)[36]

Geography

[edit]

The municipality is located along the large Hardangerfjorden, mostly on the southeast side of the fjord on the Folgefonna peninsula, but also a small part on the other side. It includes several notable islands in the fjord including Varaldsøy, Fjelbergøya, Borgundøya, and Halsnøya.[5]

The large Folgefonna National Park, which surrounds the Folgefonna glacier, is partially located in Kvinnherad. The northern part of the municipality is often referred to as Mauranger. It is the area surrounding the Maurangsfjorden. The notable Bondhusbreen glacier is located just south of that fjord, near the village of Sundal. The Jondal Tunnel and Folgefonna Tunnel both connect Mauranger with neighboring Odda and Jondal by cutting through the large mountains surrounding Mauranger.[5]

The municipality has many large lakes including Blådalsvatnet, Juklavatnet, and Onarheimsvatnet. Many of these lakes are utilized for hydroelectric power generation.

Population

[edit]
Historical population
YearPop.±% p.a.
18454,044—    
18554,532+1.15%
18654,547+0.03%
18754,627+0.17%
18914,760+0.18%
19005,045+0.65%
19105,108+0.12%
YearPop.±% p.a.
19205,272+0.32%
19305,293+0.04%
19465,701+0.47%
19515,638−0.22%
19605,514−0.25%
197011,811+7.92%
198012,821+0.82%
YearPop.±% p.a.
199013,121+0.23%
200013,196+0.06%
201013,187−0.01%
202013,071−0.09%
202313,058−0.03%
Note: The municipal borders were changed in 1965, causing a significant change in the population.
Source: Statistics Norway[6][37] and Norwegian Historical Data Centre[38]

Tourism and places of interest

[edit]

Kvinnherad is a popular tourist location because of its natural landscape as well as several places of interest. The most notable of which include Kvinnherad Church, the Bondhusbreen glacier, the shipping mural in Høylandsbygd, and Radiohola. Rosendal, the administrative centre of the municipality, is the site of the greatest tourist attraction in Kvinnherad: the Barony Rosendal. The Barony is the only one of its kind in Norway. It is a museum, which offers valuable information about the Union with Denmark, an important period of Norwegian history.[5] It was one of the locations of the 1958 film "The Vikings" starring Kirk Douglas, Tony Curtis, Janet Leigh and Ernest Borgnine. Many of the citizens of Kvinnherad/Hardanger, Norway were used as extras.[39]

[edit]

Notable people

[edit]
Jens Tvedt, 1935
Hans Inge Myrvold, 2017
  • Axel Gyntersberg (ca.1525 – 1588 in Kvinnherad), a Norwegian nobleman and feudal overlord
  • Johannes Lauritsson (ca.1540 – ca.1620), a wealthy Norwegian landowner who lived Valen 1563-1578
  • Axel Rosenkrantz (1670 in Kvinnherad – 1723), a landowner and baron who owned the Barony Rosendal
  • Andreas Lavik (1854–1918), a revivalist, temperance advocate, magazine editor, farmer, headmaster, and politician who lived in Kvinnherad from 1885 where he was Mayor for eight years
  • Jens Tvedt (1857 in Kvinnherad – 1935), a Norwegian novelist and writer of short stories
  • Gisle Midttun (1881 in Kvinnherad – 1940), a Norwegian cultural historian and museologist
  • Olav Midttun (1883 in Mauranger – 1972), a philologist, biographer, and magazine editor
  • Ragnvald Vaage (1889 in Husnes – 1966), a Norwegian poet, novelist, and children's writer
  • Sigurd Valvatne DSO DSC (born 1913 in Kvinnherad), a naval officer and submariner
  • Frank Meidell Falch (1920 in Kvinnherad – 2013), a Norwegian media director and politician
  • Egil Myklebust (born 1942 in Kvinnherad), a businessperson, lawyer, and CEO of SAS Group
  • Lars Amund Vaage (born 1952 at Sunde), a novelist
  • Endre Hellestveit (born 1976 in Rosendal), a Norwegian actor[40]
  • Hans Inge Myrvold (born 1985), a Norwegian politician and mayor of Kvinnherad in 2019
  • Erlend Bratland (born 1991 in Husnes), a Norwegian singer who won Norske Talenter in 2008

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b Helland, Amund (1921). "Kvinnherred herred". XII. Søndre Bergenhus Amt. Anden del. Norges land og folk (in Norwegian). Kristiania, Norway: H. Aschehoug & Company. p. 30. Retrieved 27 November 2023.
  2. ^ "Navn på steder og personer: Innbyggjarnamn" (in Norwegian). Språkrådet.
  3. ^ "Forskrift om målvedtak i kommunar og fylkeskommunar" (in Norwegian). Lovdata.no.
  4. ^ Bolstad, Erik; Thorsnæs, Geir, eds. (26 January 2023). "Kommunenummer". Store norske leksikon (in Norwegian). Kunnskapsforlaget.
  5. ^ a b c d e Store norske leksikon. "Kvinnherad" (in Norwegian). Retrieved 30 March 2015.
  6. ^ a b Statistisk sentralbyrå. "Table: 06913: Population 1 January and population changes during the calendar year (M)" (in Norwegian).
  7. ^ Statistisk sentralbyrå. "09280: Area of land and fresh water (km²) (M)" (in Norwegian).
  8. ^ Jukvam, Dag (1999). Historisk oversikt over endringer i kommune- og fylkesinndelingen (PDF) (in Norwegian). Statistisk sentralbyrå. ISBN 9788253746845.
  9. ^ Olsen, Kjartan Wang (8 December 2011). "Jondal overtar Kvinnherad-bygder" (in Norwegian). Hardanger folkeblad. Retrieved 21 June 2014.
  10. ^ Rygh, Oluf (1910). Norske gaardnavne: Søndre Bergenhus amt (in Norwegian) (11 ed.). Kristiania, Norge: W. C. Fabritius & sønners bogtrikkeri. pp. 16–17.
  11. ^ "Norsk Lovtidende. 2den Afdeling. 1917. Samling af Love, Resolutioner m.m". Norsk Lovtidend (in Norwegian). Kristiania, Norge: Grøndahl og Søns Boktrykkeri: 1057–1065. 1917.
  12. ^ "Civic heraldry of Norway - Norske Kommunevåpen". Heraldry of the World. Retrieved 24 May 2023.
  13. ^ "Kvinnherad, Hordaland (Norway)". Flags of the World. Retrieved 24 May 2023.
  14. ^ "Godkjenning av våpen og flagg". Lovdata.no (in Norwegian). Norges kommunal- og arbeidsdepartementet. 16 August 1982. Retrieved 24 May 2023.
  15. ^ Hansen, Tore; Vabo, Signy Irene, eds. (20 September 2022). "kommunestyre". Store norske leksikon (in Norwegian). Kunnskapsforlaget. Retrieved 14 October 2022.
  16. ^ "Kommunestyrevalg 2023 - Vestland". Valgdirektoratet. Retrieved 23 January 2024.
  17. ^ "Kommunestyrevalg 2019 – Vestland". Valgdirektoratet. Retrieved 2 February 2020.
  18. ^ a b c d "Table: 04813: Members of the local councils, by party/electoral list at the Municipal Council election (M)" (in Norwegian). Statistics Norway.
  19. ^ "Kommunestyrevalg 2011 – Hordaland". Valgdirektoratet. Retrieved 2 February 2020.
  20. ^ "Kommunestyrevalget 1995" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo-Kongsvinger: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1996. Retrieved 20 February 2020.
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  22. ^ "Kommunestyrevalget 1987" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo-Kongsvinger: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1988. Retrieved 20 February 2020.
  23. ^ "Kommunestyrevalget 1983" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo-Kongsvinger: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1984. Retrieved 20 February 2020.
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  25. ^ "Kommunevalgene 1975" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1977. Retrieved 10 May 2020.
  26. ^ "Kommunevalgene 1972" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1973. Retrieved 10 May 2020.
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  35. ^ "Alle ordførarane gjennom tidene". Grenda (in Norwegian). 5 September 2019. p. 10.
  36. ^ "Vegard Bjørnevik frå Høgre blir ordførar i Kvinnherad". NRK (in Norwegian). 13 September 2023. Retrieved 23 January 2024.
  37. ^ Statistisk sentralbyrå. "Folketellingen 1960" (PDF) (in Norwegian).
  38. ^ Universitetet i Tromsø – Norges arktiske universitet. "Censuses in the Norwegian Historical Data Archive (NHDC)".
  39. ^ "The Vikings". IMDB.
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