Tembel hat
A tembel hat (Hebrew: kova tembel, כובע טמבל) is a hat which became an Israeli national symbol. The tembel hat was worn by Jews in Mandatory Palestine and later Israel from the beginning of the 20th century until the 1970s. It was associated with hard-working Zionist Israelis.[1][2] It especially became associated with kibbutzim, tzabarim, and Israeli youth movements.[2][3] In Israeli cartoons it is still used to symbolize the typical Israeli (e.g., the cartoon character Srulik).[2] Tembel hats were most notably produced by the ATA textile company.[4]
Construction
[edit]A tembel hat is sewn from five pieces of fabric. Four of the pieces are in the shape of a circular sector and are sewn so that the tops of the four pieces touch each other and each shank of each sector is sewn to the shank of another sector. In this way, the sectors form a bowl-like structure. The fifth piece of fabric is in the shape of a ring. One end of the ring is sewn to the bases of the sectors that form the bowl structure so that the ring deepens the bowl structure.
A tembel hat has no visor and no brim. When the hat is worn, the tops of the sectors rest on the top of the head and the ring of fabric surrounds the head and rests on the forehead, ears, and nape. Its advantage is that it can be easily folded and put into a pocket, making it suitable for workers who work long hours in the sun. The tembel hat is cheap because it is easy to sew from a small amount of fabric scraps.
Etymology
[edit]In Hebrew slang, tembel means silly, stupid, or fool.[5][2] It is not known whether the slang term was named after the hat or the hat after the slang term. There is a theory that the tembel hat was originally the heavy-duty hat of the Templars Christian movement that was active in Israel at the end of the 19th century and in the beginning of the 20th century. By this theory the hat's first name was "Templars' hat," but it was changed to "tembel hat" by the Arabs who could not pronounce the P and the correct vowels.[6][2] However, it is more likely that the name "tembel hat" derives from the Turkish or Ottoman word "tembel" which means lazy.[7][2] The Tembel's shape is the same as the pileus, the hat adopted by freed slaves in Greek and Roman antiquity and adopted as a symbol of freedom at the time of the French Revolution. The ancient pileus survived in Albania in the early 20th century and may have influenced the leaders of the Second Aliyah, who adopted the hat.[8]
See also
[edit]References
[edit]
- ^ "Holy Tembel: Iconic Israeli hat, now recognized by MoMA". www.haaretz.com. Retrieved 2020-05-29.
- ^ a b c d e f Helman, Anat (2011). A Coat of Many Colors: Dress Culture in the Young State of Israel. Academic Studies Press. pp. 21–23. doi:10.2307/j.ctv2175qz2. hdl:20.500.12657/43930. ISBN 978-1-64469-326-1. JSTOR j.ctv2175qz2.
- ^ Helman, Anat (2008-09-01). "Kibbutz Dress in the 1950s: Utopian Equality, Anti Fashion, and Change". Fashion Theory. 12 (3): 313–339. doi:10.2752/175174108X332314. ISSN 1362-704X. S2CID 146284266.
The central practical and ideological roles of work in Kibbutz life were reflected in its sartorial culture. Heads were covered with the "tembel" hat, a floppy bell-shaped head covering which in the 1950s became strongly associated with the Israeli born natives[.]
- ^ Neiman, Rachel (2017-09-13). "Kova tembel hats make an unexpected fashion comeback". Israel21c. Retrieved 2020-05-30.
- ^ ארנס: לא כל טמבל יכול להיות שר ביטחון, שמעון איפרגן, מעריב, 2009
- ^ "Source of the Name Tembel Hat" (in Hebrew).
- ^ "Pardon My Turkish".
- ^ "Word of the Day / Kova tembel: The hat that turns every hero into a fool". www.haaretz.com. Retrieved 2020-05-29.