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Caraquet

Coordinates: 47°47′07″N 64°57′33″W / 47.78528°N 64.95917°W / 47.78528; -64.95917
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(Redirected from History of Caraquet)
Caraquet
Town
Aerial view of Caraquet.
Aerial view of Caraquet.
Coat of arms of Caraquet
Official logo of Caraquet
Motto: 
Cultural Capital of Acadia
Caraquet is located in New Brunswick
Caraquet

Caraquet
Location within New Brunswick.
Coordinates: 47°47′38″N 64°56′19″W / 47.79400°N 64.93855°W / 47.79400; -64.93855
CountryCanada
ProvinceNew Brunswick
CountyGloucester County
ParishCaraquet
Founded1731
IncorporatedNovember 15, 1961
Government
 • TypeTown Council
 • MayorBernard Thériault
Area
 • Land68.13 km2 (26.31 sq mi)
Highest elevation
31 m (102 ft)
Lowest elevation
0 m (0 ft)
Population
 (2021)[1]
 • Total4,285
 • Density62.9/km2 (163/sq mi)
 • Pop 2016–21
Increase 0.9%
 • Dwellings
2,150
Time zoneUTC-4 (AST)
 • Summer (DST)UTC-3 (ADT)
Postal code(s)
Area code506
Highways
Route 11

Route 145
Route 325
Route 335
Websitewww.caraquet.ca
Caraquet Range Front Lighthouse Edit this at Wikidata
Constructed1903 Edit this on Wikidata
Foundationconcrete base
Constructionwooden tower
Height8 m (26 ft) Edit this on Wikidata
Shapesquare truncated tower with balcony and lantern[2][3]
Markingswhite tower, red lantern roof and vertical stripe on the range line
Power sourcesolar power Edit this on Wikidata
OperatorCanadian Coast Guard Edit this on Wikidata
Focal height8 m (26 ft) Edit this on Wikidata
Range13 nmi (24 km; 15 mi) Edit this on Wikidata
CharacteristicF Y Edit this on Wikidata

Caraquet (English: /ˈkɑːrəkɛt/[4] French pronunciation: [kaʁakɛt]) is a town in Gloucester County, New Brunswick, Canada.

Situated on the shore of Chaleur Bay in the Acadian Peninsula, its name is derived from the Mi'kmaq term for meeting of two rivers. The Caraquet River and Rivière du Nord flow into the Caraquet Bay west of the town.

On 1 January 2023, the town was greatly enlarged by annexing the village of Bas-Caraquet and all or part of seven local service districts;[5][6] the annexed communities' names remain in official use.[7] Revised census figures have not been released.

Establishment

[edit]

Caraquet was first settled by Gabriel Giraud dit St-Jean who was a French trader and merchant. He married a Mi'kmaq woman and settled in Lower Caraquet. After the expulsion of the Acadians from southern New Brunswick and Nova Scotia in 1755, some Acadians settled in Upper Caraquet. Led by Alexis Landry in 1757, the original town site was founded at what is now called Sainte-Anne-du-Bocage. The land was officially granted for the town in 1774 through the Royal Proclamation to 34 families of Acadian, Normand and Mi'kmaq origins.[citation needed]

The town is called Acadia's capital by its residents. Caraquet hosts the annual Acadian Festival held each August, with the culmination being the Tintamarre on August 15. 48.2% of people aged over 15 years have a certificate, diploma or post-secondary degree, compared to 44.6% for the province.

History

[edit]

The Mi'kmaq were the first to have visited the region, as early as 4000 years ago. Objects have been discovered in the port but it is thought they used the place as a camp and not as a village. The Vikings had visited the region from the year one thousand. Jacques Cartier explored the surrounding area in 1534. In 1713, Great Britain obtained Acadia in the Treaty of Utrecht. Caraquet was founded around 1731 by the Breton Gabriel Giraud dit Saint-Jean. It stood on the present site of the border with Bas-Caraquet.

Monument to the Founding of Caraquet

In 1755, the British took Fort Beauséjour and began the deportation of the Acadians. A group of survivors led by Alexis Landry took refuge in Caraquet in 1757 at a place called Sainte-Anne-du-Bocage. Several privateers, Captain Saint-Simon and survivors of the Battle of the Restigouche took refuge in the village of Gabriel Giraud in 1760. The following year, Pierre du Calvet made a census of the Chaleur Bay, whose purpose was to determine where and how many Acadians were hiding there. In retaliation for the Battle, Roderick MacKenzie captured most of the refugees, including 20 people of the 174 then in Caraquet. The rest of the population emigrated to other places in the Bay of Chaleur, especially Miscou and Bonaventure.

In 1763, Great Britain finally dispossessed Louis XV of North America in the Treaty of Paris. George III's Royal Proclamation of 1763 and administrative changes the next year then allowed Acadians on land not occupied by the British.[8][9] Most families returned to Caraquet from 1766. Bourdages Raymond founded a fishing station in 1762 but it was the target of attacks by American privateers in 1776 and by Micmac in 1779. In 1784, François Gionet walked to Halifax where the Great Grant was obtained, legalizing the occupation of Caraquet by 34 families of 57 km2.[citation needed] Families of Norman fishermen had meanwhile established themselves in town and were followed by French Canadians.

The Tintamarre on National Acadian Day in Caraquet

Merchants from England, Scotland and Jersey settled in Caraquet from the early nineteenth century. Despite their small number, they would control the economy and politics of the city for a century. Charles Robin and Company opened an important fishery in 1837, followed by that of Robert Young in 1850. The government of George King voted in the Common Schools Act in 1871 which removed any religious presence in schools and made education difficult in French. The precarious economic situation of fishermen, the discontent caused by the Common Schools Act and the attempts of the Anglophones to control the board led to Acadian protests in January 1875. Following property damage from the protests, Robert Young ordered police to the city and supplemented them with a private militia. When militiamen attempted to force entry to an Acadian household on January 27, 1875, an exchange of gunfire resulted and militiaman John Gifford and Acadian Louis Mailloux were shot and killed. Calm was restored and the population got some concessions.

Despite the Industrial Revolution, Canadian Confederation hurt the Maritime Provinces. To counter the exodus of the population and control of fishing companies, new farming villages were founded. In 1864, the engineer Sanford Fleming proposed to build the Intercolonial Railway from Montreal to Pokesudie through Caraquet. While the final route was diverted south to Halifax in 1868, the line was built to Caraquet in 1887 following a part of the originally proposed route. The opening of the railway increased economic development with the opening of shops and hotels as well as a change of habits. The College Sacre Coeur opened its doors in 1899 but was destroyed by fire in 1914; it moved to Bathurst the next year. The Fifth National Acadian Convention was held in 1905.

Topographic map of Caraquet. 1 - Éco-Musée de l'Huître - 2 - L'Acadie Nouvelle - 3 - Place Saint-Pierre - 4 - Fédération des Caisses populaires acadiennes - 5 - Villa Beauséjour - 6 - Caraquet cemetery - 7 - Town Hall, Cultural centre, park, Marguerite-Bourgeoys school, Polyvalente Louis-Mailloux - 8 - Caraquet cooperative - 9 - Place Caraquet - 10 - Hôpital de l'Enfant-Jésus - 11 - New Brunswick School of Fisheries, Musée acadien - 12 - Carrefour de la Mer, marina, fish plants - 13 - Lieu Gabriel-Giraud

Demographics

[edit]

In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, Caraquet had a population of 4,285 living in 1,988 of its 2,150 total private dwellings, a change of 0.9% from its 2016 population of 4,248. With a land area of 68.13 km2 (26.31 sq mi), it had a population density of 62.9/km2 (162.9/sq mi) in 2021.[10]

Canada census – Caraquet community profile
202120162011
Population1,261 (-5.7% from 2016)4,248 (+1.9% from 2011)4,169 (+0.3% from 2006)
Land area109.32 km2 (42.21 sq mi)68.35 km2 (26.39 sq mi)68.26 km2 (26.36 sq mi)
Population density11.5/km2 (30/sq mi)62.1/km2 (161/sq mi)61.1/km2 (158/sq mi)
Median age55.6 (M: 56.0, F: 54.8)50.5 (M: 49.1, F: 52.0)48.5 (M: 47.2, F: 49.6)
Private dwellings659 (total)  602 (occupied)2,075 (total)  1,943 (total) 
Median household income$63,600$57,259$43,057
References: 2021[11] 2016[12] 2011[13] earlier[14][15]
Historical Census Data - Caraquet, New Brunswick[16]
YearPop.±%
1976 3,950—    
1981 4,315+9.2%
1986 4,490+4.1%
YearPop.±%
1991 4,556+1.5%
1996 4,653+2.1%
2001 4,442−4.5%
YearPop.±%
2006 4,156−6.4%
2011 4,169+0.3%
2016 4,248+1.9%
[17]

Language

[edit]
Canada Census Mother Tongue - Caraquet, New Brunswick[16]
Census Total
French
English
French & English
Other
Year Responses Count Trend Pop % Count Trend Pop % Count Trend Pop % Count Trend Pop %
2011
4,030
3,930 Decrease 2.1% 97.52% 65 Increase 18.2% 1.61% 15 Increase n/a% 0.37% 20 Increase 100.0% 0.50%
2006
4,080
4,015 Decrease 5.6% 98.41% 55 Increase 22.2% 1.35% 0 Decrease 100.0% 0.00% 10 Decrease 77.8% 0.24%
2001
4,360
4,255 Decrease 5.3% 97.59% 45 Decrease 18.2% 1.03% 15 Steady 0.0% 0.34% 45 Increase 50.0% 1.03%
1996
4,595
4,495 n/a 97.82% 55 n/a 1.20% 15 n/a 0.33% 30 n/a 0.65%

Economy

[edit]

Caraquet's economy is primarily marine resource-based, with a fishing wharf and seaport. Several beaches and other tourist attractions, such as the Village Historique Acadien, are located in the area. New Brunswick's only francophone daily newspaper, L'Acadie Nouvelle, is published in Caraquet.

Culture

[edit]

Notable people

[edit]

Novels

[edit]

Caraquet is featured in Phantom Ships: A Novel by Claude Le Bouthillier.

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b "Census Profile of Caraquet". Statistics Canada. 6 December 2022. Retrieved 15 January 2023.
  2. ^ Rowlett, Russ. "Lighthouses of Canada: Northern New Brunswick". The Lighthouse Directory. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Retrieved 2017-03-20.
  3. ^ Caraquet Range Front, NB Lighthouse Friends. Retrieved 20 March 2017
  4. ^ The Canadian Press (2017), The Canadian Press Stylebook (18th ed.), Toronto: The Canadian Press
  5. ^ "Local Governments Establishment Regulation – Local Governance Act". Government of New Brunswick. 12 October 2022. Retrieved 20 January 2023.
  6. ^ "RSC 4 Acadian Peninsula Regional Service Commission". Government of New Brunswick. 31 January 2022. Retrieved 17 January 2023.
  7. ^ "Proposed entity names reflect strong ties to nature and history" (Press release). Irishtown, New Brunswick: Government of New Brunswick. 25 May 2022. Retrieved 20 January 2023.
  8. ^ ""Acadian Spirit: the legacy of Philippe d'Entremont - The Acadian Expulsion"". Archived from the original on 2016-07-24. Retrieved 2016-07-18.
  9. ^ The Acadians by Barry Moody. Grolier, 1981.
  10. ^ "Population and dwelling counts: Canada, provinces and territories, census divisions and census subdivisions (municipalities), New Brunswick". Statistics Canada. February 9, 2022. Retrieved February 21, 2022.
  11. ^ "2021 Community Profiles". 2021 Canadian census. Statistics Canada. February 4, 2022. Retrieved 2023-10-19.
  12. ^ "2016 Community Profiles". 2016 Canadian census. Statistics Canada. August 12, 2021. Retrieved 2019-08-20.
  13. ^ "2011 Community Profiles". 2011 Canadian census. Statistics Canada. March 21, 2019. Retrieved 2014-04-02.
  14. ^ "2006 Community Profiles". 2006 Canadian census. Statistics Canada. August 20, 2019.
  15. ^ "2001 Community Profiles". 2001 Canadian census. Statistics Canada. July 18, 2021.
  16. ^ a b Statistics Canada: 1996, 2001, 2006, 2011 census
  17. ^ "Census Profile, 2016 Census: Caraquet, New Brunswick". Statistics Canada. 8 February 2017. Retrieved August 20, 2019.
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47°47′07″N 64°57′33″W / 47.78528°N 64.95917°W / 47.78528; -64.95917