Gharmi people
| Regions with significant populations | |
|---|---|
| Tajikistan | |
| Languages | |
| Tajik, Russian | |
| Religion | |
| Sunni Islam | |
| Related ethnic groups | |
| Other Iranian peoples |
The Gharmi Tajiks[a] are one of the original regional groups of Tajiks, with origins in the Rasht Valley in central Tajikistan.
History
[edit]From the 1920s to 1955 there was a Gharm Oblast in Tajikistan, and henceforth people from central Tajikistan were known as Gharmi Tajiks. During the 1950s many Gharmi Tajiks were forced to migrate from central Tajikistan to the Vakhsh River Valley in western Tajikistan.
Gharmi Tajiks were largely excluded from government positions, which were dominated by individuals from Khujand and Kulob. Gharmi Tajiks who settled in Qurghonteppa Oblast are frequently described as a clan group that found social niches in education and the marketplace.[1]
After Tajikistan became independent in 1991, many Gharmi Tajiks participated in protests against communists and the government.[2] When the Civil War of Tajikistan broke out in 1992 a large number of Gharmi Tajiks joined the DPT-IRP opposition.[3] The organization Human Rights Watch among others, reported that Gharmi Tajiks were targeted for execution, disappearances, mass killings, and Gharmi villages were burnt.[3][4][5][6]
During the fall and winter of 1992 as many as 90,000 Gharmi Tajiks and Pamiris were expelled from their homes and found refuge in Afghanistan in a campaign described by the United States Department of State as a pogrom.[7] This was followed by heavy fighting in the Rasht Valley between government and opposition forces that led to the destruction of villages.[6][7] There is evidence that rape was used by both sides during this campaign.[7]
Notes
[edit]- ^ Russian: Гармские таджики; Tajik: Тоҷикони Ғарм, romanized: Tojikoni Gharm, IPA: [tʰɔdʒiˈkʰɔnɪ ˈʁaɾm]
References
[edit]- ^ Edward W. Walker (Spring 2006). "Ethnic War, Holy War, War O. War: Does The Adjective Matter In Explaining Collective Political Violence?" (PDF). Berkeley Program in Soviet and Post-Soviet Studies Working Paper Series. Archived from the original (PDF) on 12 September 2006. Retrieved 9 November 2006.
- ^ "Tajikistan: Refugee Reintegration And Conflict Prevention". Open Society Institute. 1998. Archived from the original on 3 September 2007. Retrieved 2 November 2006.
- ^ a b "Human Rights Watch World Report: Tajikistan". Human Rights Watch. 1994. Retrieved 2 November 2006.
- ^ Dilip Hiro. Between Marx and Muhammad, HarperCollins. (London, 1995).
- ^ Ahmed Rashid. The Resurgence of Central Asia. Oxford University Press. Karachi. 1994
- ^ a b "Human Rights Questions: Human Rights Situations And Reports Of Special Rapporteurs And Representatives". United Nations. 24 October 1996. Retrieved 9 November 2006.
- ^ a b c "Tajikistan Human Rights Practices, 1993". U.S. Department of State. 31 January 1994. Retrieved 9 November 2006.
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