File:Toruń of 1192 before first Teutonic Knights in 1231.jpg
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Summary
[edit]Description |
English: Copernicus': artifacts, places, tourism, travel, city locations, where born, father, Toruń, house, baptismal font, Old Town Hall, portraits, Polish Royal Residence, Polish Kings, map, Old and New Villages, Merian, Toruń city emblem, angel, Polish, English, language. The village of Toruń existed in ancient times on Europe's natural trade crossroads, close to the "amber trail" used by the ancient Greek and Roman traders, and for crossing or floating down the river Vistula (rafts – "flisacy"). With time the New village region was added to the Old Village of Toruń. Chronicler Jan Długosz writes that Toruń in 1192 was used by Polish Princes as a rallying point for military actions against the indigenous pagan Prussians, who periodically invaded the Roman Catholic Polish Kingdom (established 966 A.D.) of Europe under the protection of the Vatican. Subsequently, half a century before 1192, the very first two Teutonic Knights in 1231 came to the already existing two adjacent fortified but separate Old and New villages of Toruń. Teutonic Knights thus neither found the villages nor built the city of Toruń, but only built the small Teutonic Order castle that had to wedge itself in the shape of an architectural sliver into the existing walls of Toruń's Villages (L. A. Birkenmajer, 1923, p.91). Matthäus Merian's city plan from 1652 A.D. shows the earlier built Old Village and the later built New Village, each with it's own defense walls, with the small Teutonic castle in-between. The Old City ruled the New City through a series of restricting laws. The horrifying, oppressive, and much hated castle of Teutonic Knights was captured and destroyed by the citizens of Toruń in 1454 A.D. Copernicus’ father with Polish Royal emisaries arrived and participated in the castle capture and destruction – according to the writing of Toruń's Teutonic chronicler (Birkenmajer, 1923, p.108-ref: Toeppen). The ancestral Polish Toruń was determined to liberate itself and return back to Poland, and under the Polish King, Casimir IV Jagiellon. After the destruction of the castle (night of 6th onto 7th of February 1454 A.D.), and the expulsion of Teutonic Knights, both competing villages joined and became a single entity-the City of Toruń. Toruń was thought to be under the protection of an angel, and an angel was placed above city emblems after the capture of the Teutonic Knights castle, which saved Toruń from Teutonic Knights during the subsequent “Thirteen Year’ War” (1454-1466). Incorporating the angel into the city's heraldic shield is explained by citizens asking and receiving God’s protection and help during the prolonged war with the Teutonic Knights.
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Source |
Own Photographs by Tadeusz P. Wójcik. Composite Artwork by Tadeusz P. Wójcik 2017. Public Domain-map of Toruń by Merian. Fair Use icon images for education, information, and research. |
Date |
2018-02-02 06:46:26 |
Author | |
Permission (Reusing this file) |
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current | 18:21, 2 January 2018 | 1,167 × 829 (1.22 MB) | Rosetecscc (talk | contribs) |
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