Erythroxylum

Erythroxylum
	Erythroxylum monogynum
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Clade:	Angiosperms
Clade:	Eudicots
Clade:	Rosids
Order:	Malpighiales
Family:	Erythroxylaceae
Genus:	Erythroxylum; P. Browne, 1756
Species
	250+, see text
Synonyms
	Erythroxylon L.;

Erythroxylum is a genus of tropical flowering plants in the family Erythroxylaceae. Many of the approximately 200 species contain the tropane alkaloid cocaine,^[1]^[2] and two of the species within this genus, Erythroxylum coca and Erythroxylum novogranatense, both native to South America, are the main commercial source of cocaine and of the mild stimulant coca tea.^[3] Another species, Erythroxylum vaccinifolium (also known as catuaba) is used as an aphrodisiac in Brazilian drinks and herbal medicine.

Erythroxylum species are food sources for the larvae of some butterflies and moths, including several Morpho species and Dalcera abrasa, which has been recorded on E. deciduum, and the species of Agrias.

Species

As of 2021^[update], Kew's Plants of the World Online listed 259 species:^[4]

Erythroxylum acrobeles W.A.Gentner
Erythroxylum acuminatum Ruiz & Pav.
Erythroxylum acutum W.A.Gentner
Erythroxylum affine A.St.-Hil.
Erythroxylum alaternifolium A.Rich.
Erythroxylum amazonicum Peyr.
Erythroxylum amplifolium Baill.
Erythroxylum amplum Benth.
Erythroxylum ampullaceum Baker
Erythroxylum anceps O.E.Schulz
Erythroxylum andrei Plowman
Erythroxylum angelicae Loiola
Erythroxylum anguifugum Mart.
Erythroxylum annamense Tardieu
Erythroxylum apiculatum Diogo
Erythroxylum areolatum L.
Erythroxylum argentinum O.E.Schulz
Erythroxylum armatum Oviedo & Borhidi
Erythroxylum arrojadoi O.E.Schulz
Erythroxylum australe F.Muell.
Erythroxylum ayrtonianum Loiola & M.F.Sales
Erythroxylum badium O.E.Schulz
Erythroxylum banaoense Oviedo
Erythroxylum bangii Rusby
Erythroxylum baracoense Borhidi
Erythroxylum barbatum O.E.Schulz
Erythroxylum bequaertii Standl.
Erythroxylum betulaceum Mart.
Erythroxylum bezerrae Plowman
Erythroxylum bicolor O.E.Schulz
Erythroxylum boinense H.Perrier
Erythroxylum boivinianum Baill.
Erythroxylum bradeanum O.E.Schulz
Erythroxylum brennae D'Arcy & Schanen
Erythroxylum brevipes DC.
Erythroxylum buxifolium Lam.
Erythroxylum buxus Peyr.
Erythroxylum caatingae Plowman
Erythroxylum calyptratum Komada & Tagane
Erythroxylum cambodianum Pierre
Erythroxylum campestre A.St.-Hil.
Erythroxylum campinense Amaral
Erythroxylum carajasense (Plowman) Costa-Lima
Erythroxylum carthagenense Jacq.
Erythroxylum cassinoides Planch. & Linden
Erythroxylum cataractarum Spruce ex Peyr.
Erythroxylum catharinense Amaral
Erythroxylum cincinnatum Mart.
Erythroxylum citrifolium A.St.-Hil.
Erythroxylum clarense Borhidi
Erythroxylum coca Lam.
Erythroxylum coelophlebium Mart.
Erythroxylum cogolloi Jara
Erythroxylum columbinum Mart.
Erythroxylum compressum Peyr.
Erythroxylum confusum Britton
Erythroxylum cordato-ovatum Huber
Erythroxylum coriaceum Britton & P.Wilson
Erythroxylum corymbosum Boivin ex Baill.
Erythroxylum couveleense Guillaumin
Erythroxylum cuneatum (Miq.) Kurz
Erythroxylum cuneifolium (Mart.) O.E.Schulz
Erythroxylum cuspidifolium Mart.
Erythroxylum daphnites Mart.
Erythroxylum davidii D'Arcy & Schanen
Erythroxylum deciduum A.St.-Hil.
Erythroxylum dekindtii (Engl.) O.E.Schulz
Erythroxylum delagoense Schinz
Erythroxylum densum Rusby
Erythroxylum dillonii Plowman ex Jara
Erythroxylum discolor Bojer
Erythroxylum distortum Mart.
Erythroxylum divaricatum Peyr.
Erythroxylum domingense Oviedo
Erythroxylum dumosum Alain
Erythroxylum ecarinatum Hochr.
Erythroxylum elegans Baill.
Erythroxylum ellipticum R.Br. ex Benth.
Erythroxylum emarginatum Thonn.
Erythroxylum engleri O.E.Schulz
Erythroxylum ferrugineum Cav.
Erythroxylum fimbriatum Peyr.
Erythroxylum firmum Baker
Erythroxylum fischeri Engl.
Erythroxylum flavicans Borhidi
Erythroxylum foetidum Plowman
Erythroxylum frangulifolium A.St.-Hil.
Erythroxylum gaudichaudii Peyr.
Erythroxylum gentryi Jara
Erythroxylum gerrardii Baker
Erythroxylum glaucum O.E.Schulz
Erythroxylum glaziovii O.E.Schulz
Erythroxylum gonoclados (Mart.) O.E.Schulz
Erythroxylum gracile O.E.Schulz
Erythroxylum gracilipes Peyr.
Erythroxylum grandifolium Peyr.
Erythroxylum grisebachii Peyr.
Erythroxylum guanchezii Plowman
Erythroxylum guatemalense Lundell
Erythroxylum hamigerum O.E.Schulz
Erythroxylum haughtii W.A.Gentner
Erythroxylum havanense Jacq.
Erythroxylum hildebrandtii O.E.Schulz
Erythroxylum hondense Kunth
Erythroxylum horridum Borhidi & Oviedo
Erythroxylum hypericifolium Lam.
Erythroxylum hypoleucum Plowman
Erythroxylum impressum O.E.Schulz
Erythroxylum incrassatum O.E.Schulz
Erythroxylum jaimei Jara
Erythroxylum jamaicense Fawc. & Rendle
Erythroxylum kapplerianum Peyr.
Erythroxylum kochummenii Ng
Erythroxylum laetevirens O.E.Schulz
Erythroxylum lanceolatum (Wight) Walp.
Erythroxylum lanceum Bojer
Erythroxylum lancifolium Peyr.
Erythroxylum laurel Baill.
Erythroxylum laurifolium Lam.
Erythroxylum leal-costae Plowman
Erythroxylum leandrianum Payens
Erythroxylum lenticellosum Huber
Erythroxylum leptoneurum O.E.Schulz
Erythroxylum ligustrinum DC.
Erythroxylum lindemanii Plowman
Erythroxylum lineolatum DC.
Erythroxylum loefgrenii Diogo
Erythroxylum longipes O.E.Schulz
Erythroxylum longisetulosum Loiola & M.F.Sales
Erythroxylum loretense Plowman
Erythroxylum lygoides O.E.Schulz
Erythroxylum macrocalyx Mart.
Erythroxylum macrocarpum O.E.Schulz
Erythroxylum macrochaetum Miq.
Erythroxylum macrophyllum Cav.
Erythroxylum magnoliifolium A.St.-Hil.
Erythroxylum mamacoca Mart.
Erythroxylum mangorense H.Perrier
Erythroxylum mannii Oliv.
Erythroxylum maracasense Plowman
Erythroxylum martii Peyr.
Erythroxylum mattos-silvae Plowman
Erythroxylum membranaceum Plowman
Erythroxylum mexicanum Kunth
Erythroxylum microphyllum A.St.-Hil.
Erythroxylum mikanii Peyr.
Erythroxylum minutifolium Griseb.
Erythroxylum mocquerysii DC.
Erythroxylum mogotense Oviedo
Erythroxylum monogynum Roxb.
Erythroxylum moonii Hochr.
Erythroxylum mucronatum Benth.
Erythroxylum myrsinites Mart.
Erythroxylum myrtoides Bojer
Erythroxylum nelson-rosae Plowman
Erythroxylum nitidulum Baker
Erythroxylum nobile O.E.Schulz
Erythroxylum nordestinum Costa-Lima, Loiola & M.Alves
Erythroxylum nossibeense Baill.
Erythroxylum novocaledonicum O.E.Schulz
Erythroxylum novogranatense (D.Morris) Hieron.
Erythroxylum nummularia Peyr.
Erythroxylum obtusifolium (Wight) Hook.f.
Erythroxylum occultum Plowman
Erythroxylum ochranthum Mart.
Erythroxylum opacum Rusby
Erythroxylum oreophilum (O.E.Schulz ex Pilg.) Steyerm. & Maguire
Erythroxylum orinocense Kunth
Erythroxylum ovalifolium Peyr.
Erythroxylum oxycarpum O.E.Schulz
Erythroxylum oxypetalum O.E.Schulz
Erythroxylum pachyneurum O.E.Schulz
Erythroxylum pacificum D.R.Simpson
Erythroxylum panamense Turcz.
Erythroxylum paraguariense (Chodat & Hassl.) O.E.Schulz
Erythroxylum parvistipulatum Peyr.
Erythroxylum passerinum Mart.
Erythroxylum patentissimum O.E.Schulz
Erythroxylum pauciflorum Rusby
Erythroxylum pauferrense Plowman
Erythroxylum pedicellare (Griseb.) O.E.Schulz
Erythroxylum pelleterianum A.St.-Hil.
Erythroxylum pervillei Baill.
Erythroxylum petrae-caballi Plowman
Erythroxylum pictum E.Mey. ex Harv. & Sond.
Erythroxylum platyclados Bojer
Erythroxylum plowmanianum Cogollo & Pipoly
Erythroxylum polygonoides Mart.
Erythroxylum popayanense Kunth
Erythroxylum pruinosum O.E.Schulz
Erythroxylum pulchrum A.St.-Hil.
Erythroxylum pungens O.E.Schulz
Erythroxylum pyan Costa-Lima
Erythroxylum pyrifolium Baker
Erythroxylum raimondii O.E.Schulz
Erythroxylum reticulatum Northr.
Erythroxylum revolutum Mart.
Erythroxylum rhodappendiculatum Costa-Lima
Erythroxylum rignyanum Baill.
Erythroxylum rimosum O.E.Schulz
Erythroxylum riparium T.Araújo & Amorim
Erythroxylum riverae Jara & J.D.García-Gonz.
Erythroxylum roigii Britton & P.Wilson
Erythroxylum roraimae Klotzsch ex O.E.Schulz
Erythroxylum rosuliferum O.E.Schulz
Erythroxylum rotundifolium Lunan
Erythroxylum rufum Cav.
Erythroxylum ruizii Peyr.
Erythroxylum ruryi Plowman
Erythroxylum santosii Plowman
Erythroxylum sarawakanum R.C.K.Chung
Erythroxylum schomburgkii Peyr.
Erythroxylum schunkei Plowman
Erythroxylum sechellarum O.E.Schulz
Erythroxylum seyrigi H.Perrier
Erythroxylum shatona J.F.Macbr.
Erythroxylum sideroxyloides Lam.
Erythroxylum simonis Plowman
Erythroxylum sinense Y.C.Wu
Erythroxylum sobraleanum Loiola & L.S.Cordeiro
Erythroxylum socotranum Thulin
Erythroxylum sparsiflorum Baker
Erythroxylum sphaeranthum H.Perrier
Erythroxylum splendidum Plowman
Erythroxylum spruceanum Peyr.
Erythroxylum squamatum Sw.
Erythroxylum stenopetalum Costa-Lima
Erythroxylum steyermarkii Plowman
Erythroxylum stipulosum Plowman
Erythroxylum striiflorum H.Perrier
Erythroxylum striolatum O.E.Schulz
Erythroxylum strobilaceum Peyr.
Erythroxylum suberosum A.St.-Hil., A.Juss. & Cambess.
Erythroxylum subglaucescens Mart. ex Peyr.
Erythroxylum subracemosum Turcz.
Erythroxylum subrotundum A.St.-Hil.
Erythroxylum subsessile (Mart.) O.E.Schulz
Erythroxylum substriatum O.E.Schulz
Erythroxylum subumbellatum O.E.Schulz
Erythroxylum tapacuranum Costa-Lima
Erythroxylum tenue Plowman
Erythroxylum tianguanum Plowman
Erythroxylum timothei Loiola & M.F.Sales
Erythroxylum tortuosum Mart.
Erythroxylum tucuruiense Plowman
Erythroxylum ulei O.E.Schulz
Erythroxylum umbrosum Costa-Lima & M.Alves
Erythroxylum umbu Costa-Lima
Erythroxylum undulatum Plowman
Erythroxylum urbanii O.E.Schulz
Erythroxylum vaccinifolium Mart.
Erythroxylum vaginatum O.E.Schulz
Erythroxylum vasquezii Plowman
Erythroxylum vernicosum O.E.Schulz
Erythroxylum virgultosum Mart.
Erythroxylum williamsii Standl. ex Plowman
Erythroxylum xerophilum H.Perrier
Erythroxylum zambesiacum N.Robson
Erythroxylum zeylanicum O.E.Schulz

References

^ Dr Duke's List of plants containing COCAINE "Chemical Information". Archived from the original on 2004-11-07. Retrieved 2004-11-07.
^ Bieri S, Brachet A, Veuthey J, Christen P. Cocaine distribution in wild Erythroxylum species. Journal of ethnopharmacology. 2006; 103: 439-447. doi:10.1016/j.jep.2005.08.021
^ Johnson, E; Zhang D; Emche S (2005). "Inter- and Intra-specific Variation among Five Erythroxylum Taxa Assessed by AFLP". Annals of Botany. 95 (4): 601–608. doi:10.1093/aob/mci062. PMC 4246853. PMID 15650009.
^ "Erythroxylum P.Browne". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 8 January 2021.

This Malpighiales article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

[1] Dr Duke's List of plants containing COCAINE "Chemical Information". Archived from the original on 2004-11-07. Retrieved 2004-11-07.

[2] Bieri S, Brachet A, Veuthey J, Christen P. Cocaine distribution in wild Erythroxylum species. Journal of ethnopharmacology. 2006; 103: 439-447. doi:10.1016/j.jep.2005.08.021

[Johnson2005-3] Johnson, E; Zhang D; Emche S (2005). "Inter- and Intra-specific Variation among Five Erythroxylum Taxa Assessed by AFLP". Annals of Botany. 95 (4): 601–608. doi:10.1093/aob/mci062. PMC 4246853. PMID 15650009.

[powo-4] "Erythroxylum P.Browne". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 8 January 2021.

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